Dative Au→Al Interactions: Crystallographic Characterization and Computational Analysis

Hitherto unknown Au→Al interactions have been evidenced upon coordination of the geminal phosphorus–aluminum Lewis pair Mes₂PC(?CHPh)AltBu₂ (Mes=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl). Four different gold(I) complexes featuring alkyl (Me), aryl (Ph, C₆F₅), and alkynyl (C?CPh) co‐ligands have been prepared. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that P→Au→Al bridging coordination induces noticeable bending of the ligand (the PCAl bond angle shrinks by 13°). This new type of transition metal→Lewis acid interaction has been analyzed by DFT calculations.     

Pentacoordinate Silicon Complexes with N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)­salicylamide as a Dianionic (ONN′) Tridentate Chelator

The title compound, N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)salicylamide ( 1 ), was synthesized by ester aminolysis of methyl salicylate and 2‐picolylamine. In the presence of triethylamine as a supporting base, the salicylamide moiety reacts with the organodichlorosilanes RR′SiCl₂ to form the desired six‐membered heterocycles of the type RR′Si–O–(o‐C₆H₄)–C(=O)N(pic), with pic being the 2‐pyridylmethyl (i.e., 2‐picolyl) moiety and RR′ = Me, Me ( 2a ); Me, Ph ( 2b ); Ph, Ph ( 2c ); Bn, Bn ( 2d ); All, Ph ( 2e ) and Ph, H ( 2f ). Despite the absence of notable ring strain release Lewis acidity (i.e., only a six‐membered chelate is formed by the dianion, and smaller rings are not present in the compound), the poor electron withdrawal from silicon by its C– or H– substituents and the flexible methylene bridge between the salicylamide and the pyridine moiety, the pyridine N donor atom furnishes pentacoordinate silicon coordination spheres in all of these compounds 2a – 2f . The coordination number of the silicon atom was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis for the solid state and by ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy for the solution state.     

Direct Photoredox‐Catalyzed Reductive Difluoromethylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes

Photoredox‐catalyzed reductive difluoromethylation of electron‐deficient alkenes was achieved in one step under tin‐free, mild and neutral conditions. This protocol affords a facile method to introduce RCF₂ (R=H, Ph, Me, and CH₂N₃) groups at sites β to electron‐withdrawing groups. It was found that TTMS (tris(trimethylsilyl)silane) served nicely as both the H‐atom donor and the electron donor in the catalytic cycle. Experimental and DFT computational results provided evidence that RCF₂ (R=H, Ph, Me) radicals are nucleophilic in nature.     

N-(Chlorodimethylsilyl)methyl anilides: synthesis and structure

N-(Chlorodimethylsilyl)methyl anilides of formula RC(O)N(C₆H₄X)CH₂SiMe₂Cl (R = Me, Ph; X = H, Me, Cl) were obtained by the reaction of N-TMS-containing anilides with ClCH₂Si(Hal)Me₂ (Hal = F, Cl). The silicon atom in these compounds is pentacoordinate according to the results of NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Disilene R*RSi=SiRR* (R* = SitBu3) mit siliciumgebundenen Me‐ und Ph‐Gruppen R: Bildung,Nachweis, Thermolyse,Struktur: Verbindungen des Siliciums. 154 [1]. Ungesättigte Siliciumverbindungen. 61 [1]

Compounds of Silicon. 154 [1]. Unsaturated Silicon Compounds. 61 [1] Disilenes R*RSi=SiRR* (R* = SitBu₃) with Silicon‐Bound Me and Ph Groups R: Formation, Identification, Thermolysis, Structure Dehalogenations of the 1, 2‐disupersilylsilanes R*MeBrSi—SiBrMeR* (gauche : trans 1.15 : 1.00) and R*PhClSi—SiBrPhR* (gauche : trans = 2.7 : 1.0) in THF with equimolar amounts of NaR* (R* = SitBu₃ = Supersilyl) lead at —78 °C under exchange of bromine for sodium to the disilanides R*MeBrSi—SiNaMeR* and R*PhClSi—SiNaPhR* which are identified by protonation and bromination (formation of R*RXSi—SiX′RR* with R = Me, X/X′ = Br/H, Br/Br: gauche : trans = 1.15 : 1.00, and R = Ph, X/X′ = Cl/H, Cl/Br: gauche : trans = 2.7 : 10, respectively). These eliminate at about —55 °C NaHal with formation of non‐isolable trans‐R*MeSi=SiMeR* and isolable trans‐R*PhSi=SiPhR*. The intermediate existence of the disilene R*MeSi=SiMeR* could be proved by trapping it with PhC≡CPh (formation of a [2+2] cycloadduct; X‐ray structure analysis). In the absence of trapping agents, R*MeSi=SiMeR* decomposes into a mixture of substances, the main product of which is R*MeHSi—SiMeR*—SiHMeR*. The light yellow disilene R*PhSi=SiPhR* has been characterized by spectroscopy (Raman: ν(Si=Si) = 592 cm^—1; UV/VIS: λ_max = 398 nm with ∈ = 1560; ²⁹Si‐NMR: δ(>Si=) = 128 ppm) and by X‐ray structure analysis (planar central framework >Si=Si<; Si=Si distance 2.182Å). R*PhSi=SiPhR* is reduced by lithium in THF with formation of a red radical anion which decomposes at room temperature into hitherto non‐identified products. At about 70 °C, R*PhSi=SiPhR* decomposes with intramolecular insertion of the Si=Si group into a C—H bond of a Ph group and with change of configuration of the R* groups, which at first are trans then cis‐positioned (X‐ray structure analysis of the thermolysis product).     

The effect of solvent accessible surface on Hammett‐type dependencies of infinite dilution 29Si and 13C NMR shifts in ring substituted silylated phenols dissolved in chloroform and acetone

Infinite dilution ²⁹Si and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts were determined from concentration dependencies of the shifts in dilute chloroform and acetone solutions of para substituted O‐silylated phenols, 4‐R‐C₆H₄‐O‐SiR′₂R″ (R = Me, MeO, H, F, Cl, NMe₂, NH₂, and CF₃), where the silyl part included groups of different sizes: dimethylsilyl (R′ = Me, R″ = H), trimethylsilyl (R′ = R″ = Me), tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (R′ = Me, R″ = CMe₃), and tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl (R′ = C₆H₅, R″ = CMe₃). Dependencies of silicon and C‐1 carbon chemical shifts on Hammett substituent constants are discussed. It is shown that the substituent sensitivity of these chemical shifts is reduced by association with chloroform, the reduction being proportional to the solvent accessible surface of the oxygen atom in the Si‐O‐C link. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solid‐State NMR and DFT Studies on the Formation of Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Tantallaaziridines: From Synthesis to Catalytic Application

Single‐site, well‐defined, silica‐supported tantallaaziridine intermediates [≡Si‐O‐Ta(η²‐NRCH₂)(NMe₂)₂] [R=Me ( 2 ), Ph ( 3 )] were prepared from silica‐supported tetrakis(dimethylamido)tantalum [≡Si‐O‐Ta(NMe₂)₄] ( 1 ) and fully characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and ¹H,¹³C HETCOR and DQ TQ solid‐state (SS) NMR spectroscopy. The formation mechanism, by β‐H abstraction, was investigated by SS NMR spectroscopy and supported by DFT calculations. The C?H activation of the dimethylamide ligand is favored for R=Ph. The results from catalytic testing in the hydroaminoalkylation of alkenes were consistent with the N‐alkyl aryl amine substrates being more efficient than N‐dialkyl amines.     

Reaction of tetrafluorosilane with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tris(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine and bis(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine and its N-methyl derivative. 1,1-difluoroquasisilatranes

Reaction of tetrafluorosilane with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-and tris(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine results in formation of 1-fluorosilatrane and fluorosilatrane in 75 and 53% yield, respectively. Reaction of tetrafluorosilane with bis(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine and its N-methyl derivative leads to the hitherto unknown 1,1-difluoroquasisilatranes (N → Si) F₂Si(OCH₂CH₂)₂NR (R = H, Me) containing donor-acceptor bond N → Si and pentacoordinate silicon atom. The structure of the synthesized compounds was proved by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁹F, ²⁹Si NMR and IR spectroscopy.     

Darstellung,Charakterisierung und Struktur funktionalisierter Fluorphosphaalkene des Typs R3E–P=C(F)NEt2 (R/E = Me/Si,Me/Ge,CF3/Ge,Me/Sn)

Preparation, Characterization, and Structure of Functionalized Fluorophosphaalkenes of the Type R₃E–P=C(F)NEt₂ (R/E = Me/Si, Me/Ge, CF₃/Ge, Me/Sn) P‐functionalized 1‐diethylamino‐1‐fluoro‐2‐phosphaalkenes of the type R₃E–P=C(F)NEt₂ [R/E = Me/Si ( 2 ), Me/Ge ( 3 ), CF₃/Ge ( 4 ), Me/Sn ( 5 )] are prepared by reaction of HP=C(F)NEt₂ ( 1 , E/Z = 18/82) with R₃EX (X = I, Cl) in the presence of triethylamine as base, exclusively as Z‐Isomers. 2–5 are thermolabile, so that only the more stable representatives 2 and 4 can be isolated in pure form and fully characterized. 3 and 5 decompose already at temperatures above –10 °C, but are clearly identified by ¹⁹F and ³¹P NMR‐measurements. The Z configuration is established on the basis of typical NMR data, an X‐ray diffraction analysis of 4 and ab initio calculations for E and Z configurations of the model compound Me₃Si–P=C(F)NMe₂. The relatively stable derivative 2 is used as an educt for reactions with pivaloyl‐, adamantoyl‐, and benzoylchloride, respectively, which by cleavage of the Si–P bond yield the push/pull phosphaalkenes RC(O)–P=C(F)NEt₂ [R = tBu ( 6 ), Ad ( 7 ), Ph ( 8 )], in which π‐delocalization with the P=C double bond occurs both with the lone pair on nitrogen and with the carbonyl group.     

Novel D- and T-functionalized Polysiloxane Matrices for Reactions in Interphases

New hydrocarbon bridged co-condensation agents of the type RSi(OMe)₂(CH₂)_zC₆H₄(CH₂)_z(OMe)₂SiR { 3[Ph(1,4-C₃D⁰)₂] , z = 3, R = Me; 3[Ph(1,4-C₃T⁰)₂] , z = 3, R = OMe; 4[Ph(1,4-C₃D⁰)₂] , z = 4, R = Me} were synthesized by hydrosilylation of the corresponding α,ω-dienes CH₂=CH–(CH₂)_z–2–C₆H₄–(CH₂)_z–2–CH=CH₂ [z = 3 ( 1 ), 4 ( 2 )] with HSiR(OMe)₂ (R = Me, OMe). These silane monomers were sol-gel processed, partially with MeSi(OMe)₃ ( T ⁰) to give the polysiloxanes 3 a , 3 b , 4 c , 3 d , 3 e , 4 f , and 3 ab (Table 1, Schemes 2 and 3); D = D type silicon atom (two oxygen neighbors), T = T type of silicon atom (three oxygen neighbors). The relative amounts of T and D silyl species and the degrees of condensation were determined by ²⁹Si and ¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations. ²⁹Si and ¹³C CP/MAS NMR relaxation time studies (T_SiH, T_CH, T_1ρH), and 2 D WISE NMR experiments were applied to get knowledge about the polymer dynamics. For the first time protons of such polysiloxane systems were detected by ¹H SPE/MAS NMR measurements in suspension. Mobility studies were carried out in different solvents. Furthermore the swelling capacities of the polymers 3 a , 3 b , and 4 c in different solvents and the BET surface areas of all materials were investigated. SEM micrographs show the morphology of 3 a and 3 b .     

Aminophosphanes with bulky amino groups: Molecular structure,coupling constants 1J(31P, 15N) and 2J(31P, 29Si), and isotope‐induced chemical shifts 1Δ14/15N(31P)

The preferred conformation of aminophosphanes with bulky amino groups ( 1–20 ) was determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution, in two cases in the solid state ( 11,17 ) and in one case ( 11 ) by X‐ray crystallography. Trimethylsilylaminodiphenylphosphanes Ph₂PN(R)SiMe₃ (R = Bu ( 1 ), Ph ( 2 ), 2‐pyridyl ( 3 ), 2‐pyrimidyl ( 4 ), Me₃Si ( 5 )), amino(chloro)phenylphosphanes Ph(Cl)PNRR′ (R = Bz, R′ = Me ( 6 ), R = Bz, R′ = ^tBu ( 7 ), R = Et, R′ = Ph ( 8 )), amino(chloro)tert‐butylphosphanes ^tBu(Cl)PNRR′ (R = R′ = ⁱPr ( 9 ), R = Me, R′ = ^tBu ( 10 ), R = Bz, R′ = ^tBu ( 11 ), R = H, R′ = ^tBu ( 12 ), R = Et, R′ = Ph ( 13 ), R = ⁱPr, R′ = Ph ( 14 ), R = Bu, R′ = Ph ( 15 ), R = Bz, R′ = Ph ( 16 ), R = R′ = Ph ( 17 ), R = R′ = Me₃Si ( 18 )), 3‐tert‐butyl‐2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane ( 19 ), and benzyl(tert‐butyl)aminodichlorophosphane ( 20 ) were studied by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ²⁹Si, and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. In all cases, the more bulky substituent at the nitrogen atom prefers the syn‐position with respect to the assumed orientation of the phosphorus lone pair of electrons. Many of the derivatives studied adopt this preferred conformation even at room temperature. Numerous signs of coupling constants ¹J(³¹P, ¹⁵N), ²J(³¹P, ¹³C), and ²J(³¹P, ²⁹Si) were determined. Low temperature NMR spectra were measured for derivatives for which rotation about the P N bond at room temperature is fast, showing the presence of two rotamers at low temperature. The respective conformation of these rotamers could be assigned by ¹³C, ¹⁵N, and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Isotope‐induced chemical shifts ¹Δ^15/14N(³¹P) were determined for all compounds at natural abundance of ¹⁵N by using Hahn‐echo extended polarization transfer experiments. The molecular structure of 11 in the solid state reveals pyramidal surroundings of the nitrogen atom and mutual trans‐positions of the tert‐butyl groups at phosphorus and nitrogen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:667–676, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10084     

Intramolecular H?Ar Ligand Exchange between Silicon and Boron: Functionality Transfer of Si?H to B?H

o‐C₆H₄(SiR_3?nH_n)(BMes₂) ( 1 ; R=Me, Ph; n=1, 2) undergo Mes? H (Mes=mesityl) ligand exchange between the silicon atom and the boron atom to form o‐C₆H₄(SiMesR_3?nH_n?1)(BMesH) ( 6 ) upon heating. The resulting hydroborane intermediates ( 6 ) immediately react with benzaldehyde to afford their corresponding benzyloxyboranes ( 5 ). A DFT study of model compounds reveals the transition states of the ligand exchange. A hydride abstraction from the silicon atom by the boron center is key to reaching the transition states, which include the tricoordinate silyl‐cation moiety and the tetracoordinate hydridoborate moiety.     

Neutral Penta‐ and Hexacoordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes Containing Two Bidentate Ligands Derived from the α‐Amino Acids (S)‐Alanine, (S)‐Phenylalanine,and (S)‐tert‐Leucine

The neutral hexacoordinate silicon(IV) complex 6 (SiO₂N₄ skeleton) and the neutral pentacoordinate silicon(IV) complexes 7 – 11 (SiO₂N₂C skeletons) were synthesized from Si(NCO)₄ and RSi(NCO)₃ (R=Me, Ph), respectively. The compounds were structurally characterized by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy ( 6 – 11 ), solution NMR spectroscopy ( 6 and 10 ), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction ( 8 and 11 were studied as the solvates 8? CH₃CN and 11? C₅H₁₂ ? 0.5 CH₃CN, respectively). The silicon(IV) complexes 6 (octahedral Si‐coordination polyhedron) and 7 – 11 (trigonal‐bipyramidal Si‐coordination polyhedra) each contain two bidentate ligands derived from an α‐amino acid: (S)‐alanine, (S)‐phenylalanine, or (S)‐tert‐leucine. The deprotonated amino acids act as monoanionic ( 6 ) or as mono‐ and dianionic ligands ( 7 – 11 ). The experimental investigations were complemented by computational studies of the stereoisomers of 6 and 7 .     

Unusual Structure,Fluxionality, and Reaction Mechanism of Carbonyl Hydrosilylation by Silyl Hydride Complex [(ArN)Mo(H)(SiH2Ph)(PMe3)3]

The reactions of bis(borohydride) complexes [(RN?)Mo(BH₄)₂(PMe₃)₂] ( 4 : R=2,6‐Me₂C₆H₃; 5 : R=2,6‐iPr₂C₆H₃) with hydrosilanes afford new silyl hydride derivatives [(RN?)Mo(H)(SiR′₃)(PMe₃)₃] ( 3 : R=Ar, R′₃=H₂Ph; 8 : R=Ar′, R′₃=H₂Ph; 9 : R=Ar, R′₃=(OEt)₃; 10 : R=Ar, R′₃=HMePh). These compounds can also be conveniently prepared by reacting [(RN?)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe₃)₃] with one equivalent of LiBH₄ in the presence of a silane. Complex 3 undergoes intramolecular and intermolecular phosphine exchange, as well as exchange between the silyl ligand and the free silane. Kinetic and DFT studies show that the intermolecular phosphine exchange occurs through the predissociation of a PMe₃ group, which, surprisingly, is facilitated by the silane. The intramolecular exchange proceeds through a new non‐Bailar‐twist pathway. The silyl/silane exchange proceeds through an unusual Mo^VI intermediate, [(ArN?)Mo(H)₂(SiH₂Ph)₂(PMe₃)₂] ( 19 ). Complex 3 was found to be the catalyst of a variety of hydrosilylation reactions of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and nitriles, as well as of silane alcoholysis. Stoichiometric mechanistic studies of the hydrosilylation of acetone, supported by DFT calculations, suggest the operation of an unexpected mechanism, in that the silyl ligand of compound 3 plays an unusual role as a spectator ligand. The addition of acetone to compound 3 leads to the formation of [trans‐(ArN)Mo(OiPr)(SiH₂Ph)(PMe₃)₂] ( 18 ). This latter species does not undergo the elimination of a Si? O group (which corresponds to the conventional Ojima′s mechanism of hydrosilylation). Rather, complex 18 undergoes unusual reversible β‐CH activation of the isopropoxy ligand. In the hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde, the reaction proceeds through the formation of a new intermediate bis(benzaldehyde) adduct, [(ArN?)Mo(η²‐PhC(O)H)₂(PMe₃)], which reacts further with hydrosilane through a η¹‐silane complex, as studied by DFT calculations.     

Silyl modification of biologically active compounds. 11. Synthesis,physico‐chemical and biological evaluation of N‐(trialkoxysilylalkyl)tetrahydro(iso,silaiso) quinoline derivatives

N‐(trialkoxysilylalkyl) derivatives of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline and 4,4‐dimethyl‐4‐sila‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy. In vivo psychotropic properties and in vitro cytotoxic effects of 3‐[N‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolyl)]propyltriethoxysilane methiodide and 3‐[N‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolyl)]propylsilatrane are reported. Comparative study of ²⁹Si shifts in newly synthesized compounds suggested donor–acceptor interaction between nitrogen and silicon atom, which increased electron density at Si nuclei, revealing a stronger increment of N → Si transannular bond in comparison with N → Si α‐effect. The molecular structure of 3‐[N‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolyl)]propylsilatrane features a penta‐coordinate silicon atom having CSiO₃ pattern and Si…N intramolecular interaction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a Gold Vinylidene Complex Lacking π‐Conjugated Heteroatoms

Hydride abstraction from the gold (disilyl)ethylacetylide complex [( P )Au{η¹‐C?CSi(Me)₂CH₂CH₂SiMe₂H}] ( P =P(tBu)₂o‐biphenyl) with triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate at ?20 °C formed the cationic gold (β,β‐disilyl)vinylidene complex [( P )Au?C?CSi(Me)₂CH₂CH₂Si (Me)₂]⁺B(C₆F₅)₄^? with ≥90 % selectivity. ²⁹Si NMR analysis of this complex pointed to delocalization of positive charge onto both the β‐silyl groups and the ( P )Au fragment. The C1 and C2 carbon atoms of the vinylidene complex underwent facile interconversion (ΔG^≠=9.7 kcal mol^?1), presumably via the gold π‐disilacyclohexyne intermediate [( P )Au{η²‐C?CSi(Me)₂CH₂CH₂Si (Me)₂}]⁺B(C₆F₅)₄^?.     

Synthesis and Reactivity towards DIBAL‐H of Cyclo‐Siloxanes cyclo‐[R2SiOSi(Ot‐Bu)2O]2, cyclo‐(t‐BuO)2Si(OSiR2)2O,and cyclo‐R2Si[OSi(Ot‐Bu)2]2O (R = Me,Ph)

The six‐, eight‐ and twelve‐membered cyclo‐siloxanes, cyclo‐[R₂SiOSi(Ot‐Bu)₂O]₂ (R = Me ( 1 ), Ph ( 2 )), cyclo‐(t‐BuO)₂Si(OSiR₂)₂O (R = Me ( 3 ), Ph ( 4 )), cyclo‐R₂Si[OSi(Ot‐Bu)₂]₂O (R = Me ( 5 ), Ph ( 6 )) and cyclo‐[(t‐BuO)₂Si(OSiMe₂)₂O]₂ ( 3a ) were synthesized in high yields by the reaction of (t‐BuO)₂Si(OH)₂ and [(t‐BuO)₂SiOH]₂O with R₂SiCl₂ and (R₂SiCl)₂O (R = Me, Ph). Compounds 1 — 6 were characterized by solution and solid‐state ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry and osmometric molecular weight determination. The molecular structure of 4 has been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and features a six‐membered cyclo‐siloxane ring that is essentially planar. The reduction of 1 — 6 with i‐Bu₂AlH (DIBAL‐H) led to the formation of the metastable aluminosiloxane (t‐BuO)₂Si(OAli‐Bu₂)₂ ( 7 ) along with Me₂SiH₂ and Ph₂SiH₂.     

Transient Silenes as Versatile Synthons – The Reaction of Dichloromethyl‐tris(trimethylsilyl)silane with Organolithium Reagents

Treatment of dichloromethyl‐tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (Me₃Si)₃Si–CHCl₂ ( 1 ), prepared by the reaction of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane with chloroform in presence of potassium tertbutoxide, with organolithium reagents (molar ratio 1 : 3) affords the bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐disilanes Me₃SiSiR₂–CH(SiMe₃)₂ ( 12 a–d ) ( a : R = Me, b : R = n‐Bu, c : R = Ph, d : R = Mes). The formation of 12 a–d is discussed as proceeding through an exceptional series of isomerization and addition reactions involving intermediate silyl substituted carbenoids and transient silenes. The carbenoid (Me₃Si)₂PhSi–C(SiMe₃)LiCl ( 8 c ) is moderately stable at low temperature and was trapped with water to give (Me₃Si)₂PhSi–CH(SiMe₃)Cl ( 9 c ) and with chlorotrimethylsilane affording (Me₃Si)₂PhSi–CCl(SiMe₃)₂ ( 7 c ). For 12 d an X‐ray crystal structure analysis was performed, which characterizes the compound as a highly congested silane with bond parameters significantly deviating from standard values.     

Alternative Synthesis and Structures of C‐monoacetylenic Phosphaalkenes

An alternative synthesis of C‐monoacetylenic phosphaalkenes trans‐Mes*P=C(Me)(C≡CR) (Mes* = 2, 4, 6‐^tBu₃Ph, R = Ph, SiMe₃) from C‐bromophosphaalkenes cis‐Mes*P=C(Me)Br using standard Sonogashira coupling conditions is described. Crystallographic studies confirm cis‐trans isomerization of the P=C double bond during Pd‐catalyzed cross coupling, leading exclusively to trans‐acetylenic phosphaalkenes. Crystallographic studies of all synthesized compounds reveal the extend of π‐conjugation over the acetylene and P=C π‐systems.     

Tridentate Lewis Acids Based on 1,3,5‐Trisilacyclohexane Backbones and an Example of Their Host–Guest Chemistry

Directed tridentate Lewis acids based on the 1,3,5‐trisilacyclohexane skeleton with three ethynyl groups [CH₂Si(Me)(C₂H)]₃ were synthesised and functionalised by hydroboration with HB(C₆F₅)₂, yielding the ethenylborane {CH₂Si(Me)[C₂H₂B(C₆F₅)₂]}₃, and by metalation with gallium and indium organyls affording {CH₂Si(Me)[C₂M(R)₂]}₃ (M=Ga, In, R=Me, Et). In the synthesis of the backbone the influence of substituents (MeO, EtO and iPrO groups at Si) on the orientation of the methyl group was studied with the aim to increase the abundance of the all‐cis isomer. New compounds were identified by elemental analyses, multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy and in some cases by IR spectroscopy. Crystal structures were obtained for cis‐trans‐[CH₂Si(Me)(Cl)]₃, all‐cis‐[CH₂Si(Me)(H)]₃, all‐cis‐[CH₂Si(Me)(C₂H)]₃, cis‐trans‐[CH₂Si(Me)(C₂H)]₃ and all‐cis‐[CH₂Si(Me)(C₂SiMe₃)]₃. A gas‐phase electron diffraction experiment for all‐cis‐[CH₂Si(Me)(C₂H)]₃ provides information on the relative stabilities of the all‐equatorial and all‐axial form; the first is preferred in both solid and gas phase. The gallium‐based Lewis acid {CH₂Si(Me)[C₂Ga(Et)₂]}₃ was reacted with a tridentate Lewis base (1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane) in an NMR titration experiment. The generated host–guest complexes involved in the equilibria during this reaction were identified by DOSY NMR spectroscopy by comparing measured diffusion coefficients with those of the suitable reference compounds of same size and shape.