小波分析用于陀螺仪漂移测试信号分析的研究

为建立陀螺仪漂移特性模型，需对其进行测试。由测试得到的数据是含有噪声的，且一般是非平稳的，用小波分析测试数据是一种很有效的方法。在简述小波分析中的多分辨分析理论的基础上，用其对某型陀螺仪的实测数据进行了分析－预处理，其结果证实了所研究方法的有效性。     

The Role of Capillarity in Two-Phase Flow through Porous Media

When determining experimentally relative permeability and capillary pressure as a function of saturation, a self-consistent system of macroscopic equations, that includes Leverett's equation for capillary pressure, is required. In this technical note, such a system of equations, together with the conditions under which the equations apply, is formulated. With the aid of this system of equations, it is shown that, at the inlet boundary of a vertically oriented porous medium, static conditions pertain, and that potentials, because of the definition of potential, are equal in magnitude to pressures. Consequently, Leverett's equation is valid at the inlet boundary of the porous medium, provided cocurrent flow, or gravity-driven, countercurrent flow is taking place, and provided the porous medium is homogeneous. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Leverett's equation is valid for flow along the length of a vertically oriented porous medium, provided cocurrent flow, or gravity-driven, countercurrent flow is taking place, and provided the porous medium is homogeneous and there are no hydrodynamic effects. However, Leverett's equation is invalid for horizontal, steady-state, forced, countercurrent flow. When such flow is taking place, it is the sum of the pressures, and not the difference in pressures, which is related to capillary pressure.     

基于CFD-DEM的高炉风口回旋区形状和传热特性数值模拟研究

采用计算流体力学-离散单元法(CFD-DEM)耦合方法,对高炉风口回旋区进行了数值模拟研究。首先通过与实验结果对比,验证了CFD-DEM模型的正确性;然后考察了不同气速对风口回旋区形状和传热特性及颗粒接触的影响。数值模拟结果表明:风口回旋区的大小和形状均受气速影响较大,在较大进气速度下,颗粒受到的曳力大于颗粒间的摩擦阻力并破坏颗粒间的桥力,形成较大尺寸的回旋区;且颗粒之间接触力较小,形成较大的空隙结构,更有利于热气体向周围扩散以强化传热。目前考察的三种气速结果表明:当气速为11m/s时,热量向下方传递速度最快;当气速为13m/s时,热量向上方传递速度最快;而当气速为15m/s时,热量向右方传递速度最快;此外,气速越大流态化越明显,颗粒间接触越少,接触力也越小。     

A VIEWPOINT OF THE TENSORAL PROPERTY OF COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION COEFFICIENT AND ANALYSISON THE CONCEPT OF HYBRID TENSOR1)

本文致力于澄清一个十分基本的问题：坐标变换系数是否为张量?传统观念认为,坐标变换系数不是张量。为了揭示坐标变换系数的本质,本文采用“从一般到特殊”的研究策略,重塑了张量的内涵和外延,引入了杂交张量概念,进而颠覆了坐标变换系数不是张量的传统观念,确切地讲,它就是度量张量的杂交分量。这一结果扩张了张量概念的集合,提升了张量分析学内在的统一性、对称性和不变性,减少了连续介质力学的运算量。     

Hydraulic analysis of free-surface flows with solidification

Summary The paper is concerned with a one-dimensional analysis of plane open-channel flow with continuous solidification. The process is of relevance for recent developments in the casting of steel and other metals. The bottom of the channel consists of a rotating casting roll and a horizontal cooling table, where the solidified material is withdrawn with given velocity. The study is restricted to the region downstream of the top of the casting roll. Surface tension is neglected. In the main part of the analysis inviscid fluid flow is considered since the Reynolds number is very large in the applications. It is found that the steady-state solutions are nonunique in a certain parameter range. In addition to a continuous solution, there are two solutions including hydraulic jumps, with one hydraulic jump being located on the casting roll, the other one on the cooling table. Regarding the stability of the non unique solutions, the evolution of disturbances is investigated numerically as an initial-value problem. It is concluded that the hydraulic jump on the cooling table is unstable, while the other discontinuous solution as well as the continuous solution are stable for sufficiently small disturbances. Which stable solution is attained in the steady state, depends on the history of the process. Friction at the liquid/solid interface is taken into account in the last part of the analysis. A constant friction coefficient is assumed. It is found that the history of the process determines the steady-state solution if, and only if, the friction coefficient is sufficiently small. For larger values of the friction coefficient, the steady-state solution is unique and independent of the history of the transient process. Furthermore, for sufficiently large friction coefficients, stable hydraulic jumps are found, in contrast to the inviscid case, also on the cooling table. Received 19 March 1999; accepted for publication 3 May 1999     

Non-linear argumental oscillators: Stability criterion and approximate implicit analytic solution

The behaviour of a space-modulated, so-called “argumental” oscillator, is studied. The oscillator is submitted to an external harmonic force, which is amplitude-modulated by the oscillator's position in space. An analytic expression of a stability criterion is given. Using the averaging method, an integrating factor and a Van der Pol representation in the (amplitude, phase)-space, an exact implicit analytic solution is given when there is no damping, and an approximate implicit analytic solution is given when there is damping, allowing the plotting of the separatrix curve. An attractor is identified.     

Steady sliding frictional contact problem for a 2d elastic half-space with a discontinuous friction coefficient and related stress singularities

The steady sliding frictional contact problem between a moving rigid indentor of arbitrary shape and an isotropic homogeneous elastic half-space in plane strain is extensively analysed. The case where the friction coefficient is a step function (with respect to the space variable), that is, where there are jumps in the friction coefficient, is considered. The problem is put under the form of a variational inequality which is proved to always have a solution which, in addition, is unique in some cases. The solutions exhibit different kinds of universal singularities that are explicitly given. In particular, it is shown that the nature of the universal stress singularity at a jump of the friction coefficient is different depending on the sign of the jump.     

基于伪距宽巷组合的GPS模糊度固定方法

中长基线模糊度快速解算是GPS网络差分技术的核心内容。根据网络差分模糊度固定只用于基线解算而不用于定位的特点,通过对常用GPS原始观测数据组合方式的分析,提出伪距宽相组合的数据处理方法,有效消除了电离层、对流层传播误差,形成抗差性强、大气误差自由的GPS组合观测值;在此基础上引入双差伪距宽相组合进行模糊度浮点解并建立法方程,应用高度角与大气误差的关系构造权阵,对常规LAMBDA算法进行了改进,形成一种适合GPS网络差分的中长基线模糊度解算方法。对三个参考站同步观测数据的实际测试结果表明：使用该方法网络模糊度解算时间小于300s,基线长超过60km,并满足闭合性原则。     

单步辛算法的相位误差分析及修正

若一个算法的幅值误差和相位误差都不累加，则该算法就是最理想的算法， 但这样的算法难以构造. 辛几何算法解决了幅值误差的累加问题，但相位误差累加问题仍然 存在. 给出了单步隐式辛算法相位误差的精确估计公式，提出了简单而实用的修正方法. 以 Euler中点隐式辛差分格式为例，针对几个线性动力学系统，对相位误差进行了数值分析和 修正.     

X80管道双腐蚀缺陷间相互作用规律研究

为了对腐蚀管道进行准确的安全评价,本文针对X80管道相邻双腐蚀缺陷间的相互作用规律进行了研究。借鉴现有X80管道爆破实验的数据,对数值计算中的单元划分、边界条件设置等进行验证。采用ANSYSWORKBENCH软件对X80管道在腐蚀缺陷下的应力应变状态进行了分析。数值分析结果显示:轴向间距一定时,腐蚀深度越大,轴向相邻双腐蚀间相互作用越明显;当两个相邻腐蚀缺陷轴向距离在3(Dt)1/2以内或环向处于0.07pD以内时,需要考虑两个腐蚀缺陷的相互影响;当两个相邻腐蚀缺陷轴向距离大于3(Dt)1/2或环向间距大于0.07pD时,不需要考虑腐蚀间的相互作用。     

浮筏的主动吸振控制实验研究

浮筏在低频减振方面存在较大不足,而这恰是主动减振的优势.将两者相结合,研究了浮筏的主动吸振控制问题.研制了一种主动吸振器,建立了以DSP F2812为核心的控制系统;提出了符号LMS算法,与广泛使用的滤波x-LMS等算法相比,该算法不需要精确的模型信息;在此基础上设计了自适应前馈主动吸振控制律,并在浮筏实验平台上进行主动吸振控制实验.实验结果表明,通过主动吸振控制,浮筏的低频减振能力得到了显著的改善.     

椭圆颗粒在剪切流中旋转特性的数值研究

研究颗粒在流体剪切作用下的运动特性是理解和预测颗粒悬浮流流动行为的关键.当流体的惯性不能忽略时,颗粒的运动往往变得非常复杂.本文采用格子Boltzmann方法对中等雷诺数下椭圆颗粒在剪切流中的旋转运动进行了模拟.首先,研究了雷诺数(0Re 170)的影响,结果表明当雷诺数低于临界值时,颗粒以周期性的方式旋转,角速度最小时对应的长轴方向随着雷诺数的增大而逐渐远离水平方向,而且这一倾角与雷诺数呈分段线性关系;当雷诺数大于临界值时,椭圆形颗粒最终保持静止状态,且静止时的转角与雷诺数呈幂函数关系,雷诺数越大,转角越小,椭圆的长轴越远离水平位置.其次,研究了椭圆颗粒的长短轴之比α(1α10)的影响,结果表明颗粒旋转的周期与α呈幂函数关系,α越大,颗粒旋转周期越小.此外,当α超过临界值时,颗粒也在水平位置附近保持静止状态,此时的转角与α也呈幂函数关系,α越大,转角越小.研究还发现,当雷诺数较大时椭圆颗粒在旋转过程中会产生过冲现象.     

基于统一强度理论抗滑桩桩间距的计算

在已有抗滑桩桩间距研究的基础上,对桩间土拱进行受力分析。从侧阻力条件和土拱强度条件两个方面对抗滑桩桩间距进行了计算,将统一强度理论引入土拱强度的分析,藉此分别判断拱顶前缘、后缘及拱脚处土体是否处于临界状态,可得3个桩间距值,取相应的最小桩间距作为设计桩间距。此方法对于滑坡推力的矩形、三角形和梯形分布形式均适用,并可考虑土体自重应力的影响,同时可推及锚索抗滑桩桩间距的计算。对两个计算实例进行了分析,本方法的计算值与已有计算值或设计值的比较表明本方法效果良好。具体计算中统一强度参数b取0.2~0.7较为合适,滑坡推力为矩形分布时b值约为0.3,滑坡推力为三角形分布时b值约为0.6,滑坡推力为梯形分布时b值介于两者之间。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波在惯性测量组合误差补偿中的应用

惯性元件误差是捷联惯导系统的主要误差源，必须在导航过程中加以补偿。根据机动目标跟踪理论和惯性测量组合动态模型，分别建立状态方程和观测方程，利用机动频率自适应的算法进行卡尔曼滤波，以此达到惯性测量组合动态误差和随机误差补偿的目的。仿真结果说明该方法可行有效，优于传统的误差补偿算法，能较好地提高系统导航精度。     

基于LMI的框架结构分数阶控制方法研究

以框架结构为研究对象,采用分数阶状态方程进行控制器设计,提出了基于LMI的分数阶控制器设计方法。首先,把原系统振动方程改为阶次为1～2的分数阶状态方程,同时,构造同阶次分数阶控制器状态方程,进而组装为一个整体状态方程;其次,根据分数阶系统稳定性条件确定满足系统渐进稳定性的不等式。为了获得可行解,在不等式中附加了两个参数,同时,令控制器参数矩阵为对称;再次,从仿真结果来看,控制效果过好,但控制力偏大,为此,控制力计算时附加了调节因子,以期在满足控制效果的基础上,降低所需控制力;最后给出了一个算例说明本文方法的可行性。     

伪可变体系的几何构造分析

伪可变体系几何可变性的研究，对轻型结构的设计分析已变得十分重要。本文先分析能量与平衡之间的普遍关系，进而得出判定体系可变性的能量准则。通过拉格朗日乘子的引入，建立能量泛函，得出判定极值的二次型。然后证明了乘积力法与能量法的一致性，并讨论了宜于计算机分析实现的矩阵表示方法。结果表明，若二次型确定，则体系伪可变；当半确定时，体系部分伪可变部分可变；否则体系含二阶以上的无穷小机构。     

A Theoretical and Experimental Implementation of a Control Method Based on Saturation

A novel approach for implementing an active nonlinear vibration absorber is presented. The absorber, which is built in electronic circuitry, takes advantage of the saturation phenomenon that occurs when two natural frequencies of a system with quadratic nonlinearities are in the ratio of two-to-one. When the system is excited at a frequency near the higher natural frequency, there is a small ceiling for the system response at the higher frequency and the rest of the input energy is channeled to the low-frequency mode.A working model of using saturation to suppress the vibrations of a rigid beam connected to a DC motor has been built. An electronic oscillator is built, and its frequency is set at one-half the frequency of the beam. The output from a sensor on the beam is multiplied by the output from the electronic oscillator and a suitable gain, and the result is used as the forcing term for the oscillator. At the same time, the output from the oscillator is squared and multiplied by a suitable gain, and that result is used as the input to the motor. The oscillator/actuator and the beam act as the two modes of a two-degree-of-freedom quadratically coupled system with a 2:1 autoparametric resonance. When the beam is excited by a harmonic force, its motion quickly becomes saturated, and most of the energy imparted to the beam by the harmonic force is transferred to the electronic circuit and from there to the actuator. Thus, the harmonic force is made to work against itself. As a result, the motion of the beam always remains small.     

某软土深基坑工程时间效应有限元分析

软土地区的深基坑因土体的固结作用和流变性而具有了时间效应。本文以Biot固结有限元法为基础,用三元件模型中的第一个线性弹簧模拟固结作用,弹性模量考虑了开挖应力路径和应力历史的影响;另外一部分(KELVIN模型)来模拟土体的流变性,以实际变形的反演来得到两个参数的大致取值,再对基坑的变形情况以及进一步开挖进行分析。假定为正常固结饱和粘土,平面应变问题。通过对某饱和软粘土地基深基坑开挖工程实例的分析,得到的挡墙水平位移曲线与实测曲线很吻合,表明程序较好地反映出基坑的时间效应。     

STATIC AEROELASTICITY METHOD BASED ON EXTERNAL AERODYNAMIC FORCE AND STRIP METHOD

本文通过对载荷设计中的静气动弹性分析方法进行研究,发展了一种基于外部刚性气动力数据和改良片条理论修正的弹性载荷修正方法。其中结构变形通过工程梁方法提取部件刚度阵进行计算,气动力通过网格化模型基于外部试验或CFD气动力数据库插值得到。结构和气动之间位移和力的数据传递分别利用曲面样条和形函数面积坐标加权法插值,弹性载荷修正通过改良后的片条理论计算,由此迭代循环直至结构变形收敛。同时通过对相关工程实例进行分析计算并与成熟方法对比,验证了该方法的可行性和高效性。     

圆柱形爆轰波的二维数值模拟

基于带化学反应的二维Euler方程,对圆柱形爆轰波的直接起爆和传播过程进行了二维数值模拟研究,拟分析起爆条件和初始压强对圆柱形爆轰波形成和传播的影响。研究发现,圆柱形爆轰波起爆成功向外传播的过程中,新的三波结构的生成标志着爆轰波进入稳定传播阶段。在起爆能量足够的情况下,起爆半径(曲率)的大小决定着三波结构初始形成时的数目和传播半径,起爆压强对其基本不产生影响;起爆半径大(曲率小)时,三波结构初始形成时的传播半径大、数目多,圆柱形爆轰波进入稳定传播阶段的传播距离长;数值模拟中,初始压强的提高,有助于圆柱形爆轰在较短的传播距离内进入稳定传播阶段。