真空紫外双等离子体光源的研究

本文描述我们研制的真空紫外双等离子体光源的设计、结构及工作原理,讨论真空紫外性能测试,给出光源的真空紫外辐射特性测试结果。     

用非象散型正入射式真空紫外摄谱仪研究铝的激光等离子体光谱

用环面镜作为正入射式真空紫外摄谱仪的聚焦元件构成一非象散型摄谱系统。用这个系统拍摄了Al的激光等离子体的VUV光谱。     

利用分支比法作真空紫外单色仪灵敏度的绝对校准

本实验利用托卡马克的高温等离子体作光源,采用分支比法对掠入射真空紫外单色仪在150(?)～1640(?)波段的灵敏度作了绝对校准.文章对该方法的技术问题也作了讨论.     

真空紫外区的NIII光谱

本文中报道了真空紫外区、波长范围2000—680?的NIII光谱工作。使用两米法线入射式真空摄谱仪和电容放电光源。实验表明,光源气压对NIII谱线的出现有显著的影响。观察到31条NIII新谱线。找到一个新能级:2s2p4d²D_5/2,并对2s2p4d²D_3/2的能级值作了改正。 关键词：     

由类氦离子共振线与互组合线强度比确定等离子体电子温度

聚变等离子体的光谱诊断,国内外已有了许多工作。如何在短波长上获得等离子体丰富的光谱信号,从而确定高温等离子体参数,是目前一个有意义的工作。 本工作在一台θ箍缩装置上,用掠入射真空紫外光谱仪,以对联三苯闪烁体为荧光转换材料,观测了类氦的CV40.2/40.7A,OⅦ21.6/21.8A等谱线信号,及CⅥ33.7A,OⅧ19.0     

C、N、O、AL的真空紫外光谱

我们用自制的三电极真空火花光源和真空紫外谱仪,在各种实验条件下,观测到大量C、N、O、Al的真空紫外光谱。本文发表240(?)至2300(?)范围内得到的高离化态原子光谱。     

用于Z箍缩X辐射谱诊断的柱面凸晶摄谱仪的性能分析

 考虑X光源的空间尺寸和晶体的摇摆曲线,用光线追迹方法计算了诊断丝阵Z箍缩等离子体X辐射谱的柱面凸晶摄谱仪的色散、能谱分辨和空间分辨以及系统参数对它们的影响。结果表明：决定柱面凸晶摄谱仪能谱分辨的主要因素是光源尺寸以及光源-晶体之间距离;增大光源-晶体之间距离能够改善能谱分辨,但导致径向空间分辨能力下降。并依此建立了云母晶体摄谱仪,在“强光一号”装置上对系统进行了测试,获得时间积分铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体X辐射谱。     

火花光源所激发的高次电离光谱及其应用

火花光源所激发的高次电离光谱,通常都在6—7000A的光谱区域内.它们的电离次数达 2—17次甚至更高,本文将讨论这些离子谱线的产生和应用. 自从1927年真空紫外光谱区域内第一台掠入射凹面光栅摄谱仪的研制成功,研究高次电离离子光谱就成为人们感兴趣的课题.然而,由于技术上的困难,它的发展是缓慢的.但是,随着科学技术的发展,近十年来,这一研究领域相当活跃.在真空紫外区域内,高次电离离子光谱应用于天体物理学要归功于I.S.Bo-wcn[1],他提出而且证明了许多星云谱线起源于电离度达15次之高的原子的亚稳态能级的禁介跃迁.在受控热核反应中高温…     

真空紫外和极紫外相干光源的研究及进展

本文简明扼要地介绍和评论了真空紫外和极紫外波段相干光源研究的现状和发展前景 ,重点包括 :真空紫外和极紫外波段相干光源的产生机制 ,理论描述 ,实验方法 ,以及一些典型的实验结果。最后对该领域的发展前景做了简要的评述。     

水平式电感耦合高频等离子体光源的研制

所谓水平式ICP光源,是相对于竖直式而言的。竖直式ICP光源是指等离子体炬管及产生的等离子体焰的轴心与摄谱仪的光轴垂直。目前国内外所应用的ICP光源都是这种型式。水平式ICP光源系指等离子炬管及产生的等离子体焰的轴心与摄谱仪的光轴在一直线上。有关水平式ICP光源的报导很少,仅将该问题作为“展望”提了出来,国外近年来也偶见有关报导,谓之“端视法”。我们于1979年完成了该项研究,并开始应用于生产。实践证明,水平式ICP光源性能较为稳定,降低了光谱背景,有效地降低了元素的检出限。     

R404A和R507A在双级制冷系统中的应用分析

对R404A、R507A、R22和R502在一次节流中间不完全冷却双级压缩制冷系统中的运行性能进行模拟,并对结果进行分析比较。结果表明:R404A和R507A的各项性能比较接近,R404A的压缩机耗功比R507A高2.86%;低压压缩机排气温度比R507A高0.58%,高压压缩机排气温度比R507A高2.65%;COP比R507A高0.01;中间温度比R507A低6.14%。     

A small volume thermodynamic system for B/A measurement.

A thermodynamic method capable of determining the B/A value of 4-ml sample volumes is described. The method involves a procedure in which the static pressure of the sample is altered in a short period of time, to approximate an adiabatic process, during which the ultrasonic velocity is measured. The velocity change so determined is used to calculate the B/A value. The B/A measurement error is less than 0.7%.     

C-ZnSe:Ga的室温蓝色注入式发光

本文首次报导了C-ZnSe:Ga的室温蓝色注入式发光,测量了有关特性并讨论了发光机理.电致发光光谱具有强的4800A的蓝峰和弱的6300A的红峰.随着正向电压的增加,6300A的自激活发射相对减弱,而4800A的蓝色边缘发射逐渐增强.因此,当电压增加时,发光颜色由红色经黄色和绿色,逐渐变成纯蓝色.在明亮的房间里可以观察到鲜明的蓝色发射.文末提出了ZrSe多色显示的设想.     

Phase behavior of triblock copolymers varying in molecular asymmetry

The transformation from A(1)B diblock copolymer to A(1)BA(2) triblock copolymers varying in molecular asymmetry is investigated as the A(2) end block is progressively grown via chemical synthesis. Dynamic rheological measurements show that the order-disorder transition (ODT) temperatures of two copolymer series differing in composition and molecular weight decrease when the A(2) block is short relative to the A(1) block, and then increase as the length of the A(2) block is increased further. The resultant ODT minimum, predicted by mean-field theory, is attributed to mixing between long B and short A(2) blocks.     

Distribution corresponding to classical thermodynamics

A distribution corresponding to classical thermodynamics is constructed. The concept of degrees of freedom is generalized and a concept of temperature-dependent number of collective degrees of freedom is introduced. A relationship between the theory of numbers and mesoscopic physics is established. A geometric interpretation of spinodal as a curve of maximum entropy and as a catastrophe in a quasi-static Caratheodory process is given. A concept of local ideal gas is introduced. The phase transition of fluids to a dispersed system is determined. The distribution obtained is numerically compared with the distribution for a van der Waals gas in the Hougen-Watson diagram.     

不同储藏年份小麦和红豆的红外光谱研究

粮食的陈化鉴定对于食品安全、种子的老化鉴别对于粮食生产安全具有重要意义。本文利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了不同储藏时间的小麦与红豆,结果显示,同一种不同年份产的样品光谱相似,但在吸收强度比方面都存在着差异,随着贮藏时间的增加,两种粮食的红外光谱表现出一些变化规律,对于小麦,吸收强度比A1653/A1023,A1538/A1023,A1080/A1023,A1155/A1023,A1538/A1653随贮藏时间增加而增加;对于红豆,A2928/A3400、A1648/A3400,A1543/A1648,A1401/A1648,A1055/A1648随着贮藏时间的增加而呈下降趋势。这些比值的变化说明两种粮食在贮藏过程中,蛋白质、多糖结构发生了变化。红外光谱方法在粮食陈化鉴定方面具有方便、快速的优点。     

荧光探针1.8-ANS对尖吻蝮(AGKISTRODON ACUTUS)蛇毒出血毒素1疏水区的研究

尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素1(A2H-1)和荧光疏水探针1.8-ANS结合,其激发峰在370nm,发射峰在470nm,A2H-1存在着可探测的疏水区,ANS不抑制A2H-1的出血活性。每个A2H-1分子统计结合1.42个AaH分子,AaH-1-ANS的解离常数;Kd=1.53×10-5M。 AaH-1-ANS复合物的荧光强度对pH,温度,EDTA等条件的变化敏感,并相应引起出血活性的改变。AaH-1的Trp荧光能部分地转移到结合的ANS上,转移效率为0.523,说明Trp可能处于AaH-1分子表面的凹陷疏水区。     

八种鹅膏菌的傅里叶变换红外光谱的差谱鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对长柄鹅膏菌、粗鳞白鹅膏菌、格纹鹅膏菌、红黄鹅膏菌、黄柄鹅膏菌、灰疣鹅膏菌、欧氏鹅膏菌、小豹斑鹅膏菌进行傅里叶变换红外光谱研究, 发现八种鹅膏菌的傅里叶变换红外光谱极为相似, 特征区和指纹区(1800~1100 cm-1)的相关系数均大于0.966。因此从这八种鹅膏菌的原始光谱对其鉴别将十分困难。通过差谱技术处理后, 八种鹅膏菌在1800~1100 cm-1范围呈现出各自的特征, 相关分析结果定量反映出它们之间差异较为明显。利用差谱中特征区和指纹区的差异可快速鉴别出该八种鹅膏菌。研究表明: 傅里叶变换红外光谱技术能提供大型真菌所含化学成分的分子结构信息, 结合差谱技术可以鉴别同属下的不同种高等真菌。     

Baryon number transfer in hadron + nucleus and nucleus + nucleus collisions: a link between elementary and complex interactions

The baryon number transfer is studied in elementary and complex hadronic interactions at the CERN experiment NA49 at the SPS, at 158 AGeV beam energy (√s=17.2 GeV) A two-component picture is proposed, which builds up the net proton distribution from a target and a projectile component. Using pion beam, the projectile component is experimentally determined for p + p and p + A interactions. A similar stopping behaviour of the projectile component is found for p + A and A + A interactions. Based on these observations, the baryon transfer is assumed to provide a common scale of inelasticity in p + p, p + A and A + A interactions. A model-independent way is proposed to predict the pion multiplicity in A + A.     

Flame-spread limit from interactive burning droplets in microgravity

This research conducted microgravity experiments on the flame spread over droplet-cloud elements with strong droplet interaction aboard Kibo on the ISS. The droplet-cloud element represents a local droplet pattern appearing in randomly distributed droplet clouds near the group-combustion-excitation limit and consists of small-droplet-spacing droplets and large-droplet-spacing droplets. As droplet-cloud elements, we used four n-decane droplets, Droplets C, B, A and L, placed at fiber intersections of two-dimensional SiC-fiber lattice with a 4-mm fiber interval in a combustion chamber. The flame spreads over the droplet-cloud element in order of Droplets C, B, A and L. The position of Droplet L relative to Droplet A was varied to investigate the flame-spread-limit distribution around burning Droplet A. The position of Droplet B relative to Droplet A was varied to investigate the effect of two-droplet interaction between Droplets B and A on the flame spread to Droplet L. The position of Droplet C relative to Droplet B was also varied to investigate the effect of three-droplet interaction among Droplets C, B and A. The results shows that in the case with the strong interaction by two or three interactive droplets, the high-temperature region is enlarged by the droplet interaction, centers near the center of mass of the interactive droplets and plays an important role in the flame-spread-limit distribution. Since the burning lifetime of Droplet A is finite, the flame-spread time from burning Droplet A to Droplet L is limited by burning lifetime of Droplet A and is less than 80% of the burning lifetime of Droplet A, which increases with the interactive effect. The flame-spread-limit distance from the center of mass of the interactive droplets increases with the burning lifetime.