射流影响下气固两相流动试验的定量分析

为了研究受限空间内的射流影响下的气固两相流动,本文采用数码颗粒图像测速仪（DpIV）系统测量颗粒分布,并开发了一套用于处理DPIV颗粒图片的算法,可用于准确地定量分析通道内的颗粒分布。使用该算法能够获得颗粒在拍摄平面内的二维相对浓度数据,定量分析该数据发现,在同样的流场条件下,射流对气流场和不同粒径颗粒的影响区域存在明...     

基于单目视觉追踪测量羽毛球空气阻力系数

针对羽毛球空气阻力系数难以测量的问题,提出了一种基于单目视觉追踪来测量羽毛球空气阻力系数的方法。使用摄像头对运动员击打羽毛球的过程进行拍摄,通过图像识别算法追踪视频中羽毛球的飞行轨迹获取羽毛球的即时速度,最后根据动力学规律分析得出羽毛球的空气阻力系数。该方法测量精度较高,测量过程简便,可推广用于测量其他飞行物体的空气阻力系数。     

层流等离子体射流温度与速度测量

本文分别应用光谱诊断、水冷皮托管及小尺寸杆状热流探针,对自由射入空气中的纯氩层流等离子体射流中心最高温度、滞止压力以及最大热流密度进行了测量,由测量结果导出了层流射流的中心最大速度,得到了射流气体温度和速度的轴向分布及其随工作电流和气流量变化的一些规律,探讨了气体的温度和速度对其向探针表面换热系数的影响。     

环形双锥罩聚能装药结构优化设计

在环形聚能装药结构中,单锥罩结构形成的射流中间有堆积现象,断裂前射流拉伸长度有限,而双锥罩射流兼顾了上锥小锥角形成高头部速度,下锥大锥角增大射流有效质量的优点,形成的射流更加细长,头部速度高且不易断裂。基于环形切割聚能装药战斗部,综合考虑上锥角大小、上锥罩占药型罩高的比例、药型罩的高度以及药型罩壁厚对射流侵彻能力的影响,并基于灰关联理论对双锥罩环形聚能装药的优化提供依据,通过数值仿真,研究表明:上下锥角对射流成型影响最大,通过比较,当上锥罩为34°、上锥占罩高比例为40%、药型罩高度为70mm、药型罩壁厚为5mm时,形成的射流头部速度高,且在空气中能够稳定飞行。相比单锥罩结构,双锥罩射流细长,在空气中飞行时间长,对靶板的侵深大于单锥罩射流。     

智能延迟触发产生器设计

在弹道测量、高速飞行物碰撞实验（如太空的‘垃圾’碎片对飞行的卫星、飞行舱的损害研究）及其它的类似实验中，需要准确测量飞行物碰撞前的一些状态：如速度、飞行姿态、断裂等情况，并且希望得到在碰撞前很短的距离处测量的数据。那么，在使用X光的阴影照相技术中有关X光机的触发问题就显得更加重要；如果X光机提前触发，此时飞行物还未进入照相区域或者离碰撞区的距离还远，则记录不到弹丸的X光图像或者位置不理想而造成数据不够准确；如果X光机延迟过多触发，则因已碰撞而无法获得碰撞前的状态参数：所以，X光机的触发时刻必须准确才能保证获得物体在希望位置处的X光阴影图像，并且降低实验成本。     

橡胶夹层厚度对复合靶板抗射流侵彻性能的影响

 通过分析应力波在橡胶复合靶板中的传播特性,研究了复合靶板上各层质点速度在应力波作用下的变化情况,分析了应力波在橡胶复合靶板对射流干扰中的作用,结合射流在空气中的断裂模型,提出了射流在复合靶影响下的断裂模型;分析了橡胶夹层厚度对复合靶板抗射流侵彻性能的影响;通过脉冲X光照相技术和穿深实验,研究了橡胶夹层厚度不同时,在射流以68°倾角侵彻下,橡胶复合靶板对56 mm口径基准成型装药射流的干扰情况及射流的剩余侵彻能力。研究结果表明：理论分析与实验结果相吻合;橡胶复合靶板对射流有很好的干扰作用;在满足结构效应的情况下,随着天然橡胶夹层厚度的增加,应力波对射流的干扰能力降低,射流的变形程度减小,复合靶板的防护能力降低。     

旋转射流搅拌石灰浆池气液两相流特性研究

基于三维石灰浆池Eulerian多相流模型,结合标准k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格技术,通过Fluent软件研究了旋转射流搅拌系统(RJM)作用下湿法脱硫(FGD)石灰浆池中的气液两相流特性。模拟结果表明随着旋转射流器自转角速度的增加,浆池内部射流长度和氧化空气横向速度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,氧化空气分布同样呈现先趋于良好后趋于恶化趋势;当射流出口速度增大时,射流长度、氧化空气横向速度以及Z向速度也随之增大,氧化空气分布逐步改善。     

射流速度和冲击角度对材料去除特性的分析

射流速度和冲击角度会影响冲击射流的动力特性,对射流抛光的材料去除面型和材料去除量有重要的影响。对冲击射流壁面流场结构进行了分析,建立了工件壁面上的速度、压力与冲击角度、射流出口速度的数学关系。在分析理想平面的基础上,重点分析了射流速度和冲击角度的变化对存在表面瑕疵的工件材料去除量的影响。结果表明:对于理想平面,当冲击角度大约为30°时,可得到理想的高斯型面型分布;对于存在瑕疵的工件表面,在小角度冲击时更有利于材料的去除;工件材料的去除量均随着射流速度的增大而增大。     

口腔全景X射线摄影

 X射线透视或照相得到的影像,实际是人体内部各个脏器和组织的立体形象在平面上的重叠投影,这就使得对比度不高或范围不大的病变组织难以分辨。断层摄影一直是人们追求的目标,获得身体中某一个层面的方法如图1所示,X射线管和照相底片都沿着身体轴线运动,但方向相反,而且它们的速度保持固定的比例。图中P点到X射线管的高度与它到照相底片的高度比值,正好等于X射线管与照相底片运动速率的比值。当X射线管在位置S1和S2时,P点在照相底片上的投影点P1和P2实际上是同一个点。     

水防护层对射流头部速度衰减作用研究

采用闪光X射线摄影方法观测了射流侵彻水防护层间隔靶的过程,分析得到了射流头部的速度变化规律及水介质中金属粒子、冲击波分布特征,探讨了高温金属射流与水防护层的作用机理。结果表明:射流头部速度在侵彻水防护层间隔靶的过程中,呈现出了突然降低的假象,这是由于射流侵彻水防护层时,冲击波后的高压(9~10GPa)与高温导致射流头部存在明显的碎化现象。在射流进入水防护层初期,射流头部的碎化最为严重,致使射流头部快速消耗,进而在脉冲X射线测量实验中出现射流头部速度突降的假象。     

超音喷流啸音发声机理的实验研究

啸音是超音速喷流噪声的三大成分之一,其特点是向上游传播的离散纯音,被认为是飞机部件声疲劳的重要因素之一。但到目前为止,啸音仍是喷流噪声研究中理解最少、预测能力最低的成分,研究表明这主要是因为啸音受环境的影响很大,如啸音的强度就受到喷流马赫数、喷流温度、喷嘴唇口厚度以及形状等的影响。本文通过实验研究了在超音速喷流情况下喷嘴唇口厚度对啸音幅值、模态等的影响。实验结果表明,随着喷嘴厚度的增加,啸音的幅值增加达到了10 db以上。啸音的频率则随着唇口厚度的增加有所减小。     

毛细喷孔超高速水射流的脉动及破碎

水切割射流的动力学特性的诸多方面尚未得到认识和理解。本文对毛细喷孔产生的超高压水射流展开可视化研究,分析了常规压力及超高压条件下毛细水射流的液体破碎机制并对超高压毛细射流的脉动现象进行了讨论。常规条件下的毛细射流遵从经典的破碎模式;在超高压条件下,射流完整段呈瑞利模式,完整段以下呈雾化破碎模式,射流集束性呈现周期性变化。结果表明,传统理论不能够表达小孔径时超高速毛细水射流的破碎特性;喷孔内部流动情况如流动分离及空化成为该条件下射流破碎和脉动的重要原因。     

On the amplification of broad band jet noise by a pure tone excitation

It has been found experimentally that broad band jet noise can be amplified by a pure tone excitation as much as 6 to 7 dB. The jet noise amplification effect takes place at sound pressure levels which are present in real aircraft engines. The experimental investigation was restricted to a cold jet at high subsonic Mach numbers excited by a plane sound wave coming from inside the nozzle. Based on a simplified mathematical model an attenuator has been constructed which is able to reduce the jet noise amplification significantly.     

基于MRT-LB伪势模型的液滴撞击液膜数值研究

运用改进的格子玻尔兹曼（LB）伪势多松弛多相模型，研究单/双液滴撞击液膜的流动特性.考察单液滴在不同气液相密度比时撞击液膜的发展.随着密度比的减小，冠状水花顶端开始向内弯曲，且底部半径显著减小.在大密度比情况下研究双液滴撞击液膜.结果表明：双液滴撞击液膜有中心射流的形成；液滴水平间距的增大，延缓中心射流的出现，并降低初始中心射流的高度；随Re数的增加，中心射流的高度明显增大.     

Behavior of underexpanded plasma jet in strong magnetic field

A visual study of underexpanded plasma jet was conducted to reveal the detailed behavior in the strong magnetic field. The images of the jet were taken by a digital single-lens reflex camera through viewing windows. The distribution of optical intensity obtained from the raw data was compared to that of the typical emission line intensity. The profile of the optical intensity agrees well with that of the emission intensity. It is illustrated that the typical structure of underexpanded jet such as Mach disk is also affected obviously by the magnetic field. The radial distribution of number density was determined by using the image analysis based on the Abel-inversion. The converted data clarify the jet behavior that is hidden on the ordinary observation. The density obtained from numerical analysis for a simple gas was also compared with the number density. It is confirmed from the comparison with numerical results that the radial profile of number density can be utilized for understanding the plasma jet behavior under the strong magnetic field.     

Liquid jet directionality and droplet behavior during emulsification of two liquids due to acoustic cavitation

The present study numerically investigates liquid-jet characteristics of acoustic cavitation during emulsification in water/gallium/air and water/silicone oil/air systems. It is found that a high-speed liquid jet is generated when acoustic cavitation occurs near a minute droplet of one liquid in another. The velocity of liquid jet significantly depends on the ultrasonic pressure monotonically increasing as the pressure amplitude increases. Also, the initial distance between cavitation bubble and liquid droplet affects the jet velocity significantly. The results revealed that the velocity takes maximum values when the initial distance between the droplet and cavitation bubble is moderate. Surprisingly, the liquid jet direction was found to depend on the droplet properties. Specifically, the direction of liquid jet is toward the droplet in the case of water/gallium/air system, and vice versa the jet is directed from the droplet in the case of water/silicone oil/air system. The jet directionality can be explained by location of the high-pressure spot generated during the bubble contraction.     

用速度浓度同步测量系统研究瞬态气体撞壁射流混合过程

用速度浓度同步测量系统研究瞬态气体撞壁射流混合过程谢辉，苏万华，史绍熙，林荣文（天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室天津３０００７２）关键词撞壁射流，射流混合，速度浓度同步测量１引言对于中小型直喷式柴油机，燃油喷雾与壁面撞击不可避免，研究喷雾和壁面的相...     

Generation of intense x-rays during ejection of a fast water jet from a metal channel to atmosphere

The radiation processes associated with a supersonic water jet exhausting from a narrow channel are considered. It has been found for the first time that the output of the channel and the initial portion of the jet are sources of intense X-radiation, generation of which is related to cavitation processes in the water jet bulk and subsequent excitation of shock waves. The frequency of X-radiation depends on the types of atoms on a radiating surface (for a jet, it is water; for a channel, the metal atoms on the surface) and increases with the charge of atoms. The total X-ray activity of an experimental setup in the mode of jet exhaust reaches 0.1 Ci. It is found for the first time that the impact of shock acoustic waves, which are formed in the air as a result of cavitation jets of water, on distant screens leads to the generation of a quasi-coherent directional X-ray emission from the back side of these screens. The spatial parameters of this radiation depend on the shape and cross section of the screen and the spatial characteristics of the shock wave.     

Study of jet fragmentation in p+p collisions at 200 GeV in the STAR experiment

The measurement of jet fragmentation functions in p+p collisions at 200 GeV is of great interest because it provides a baseline to study jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions. It is expected that jet quenching in nuclear matter modifies the jet energy and multiplicity distributions, as well as the jet hadrochemical composition. Therefore, a systematic study of the fragmentation functions for charged hadrons and identified particles is a goal both in p+p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Studying fragmentation functions for identified particles is interesting in p+p by itself because it provides a test of NLO calculations at RHIC energies. We present a systematic comparison of jet energy spectra and fragment distributions using different jet-finding algorithms in p+p collisions in STAR. Fragmentation functions of charged and neutral strange particles are also reported for different jet energies.     

离体射流对S809翼型气动性能的影响

在Re=5×10⁶的条件下,分别在S809翼型前缘点附近不同位置处设置离体射流装置,改变射流动量的大小和射流口宽度,探究其对S809翼型气动性能的影响。并通过流场分析,研究这种流动控制手段有效的物理机理。结果表明:在射流装置位置和射流口宽度固定时,射流动量的大小对控制效果影响显著;在S809翼型表面附近设置微小离体射流装置后,即使关闭射流(射流动量为零时),也具有一定的流动分离控制效果;当射流动量逐渐增大时,射流能明显的减小流动分离泡的大小,降低阻力系数,同时可以有效提升升力系数,使得翼型的气动性能得到进一步显著提升。值得指出的是,射流口宽度与射流装置的位置对流动控制效果也具有一定的影响。