磁控溅射气体团簇源中团簇形成的DSMC研究

利用直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法(DSMC) ,模拟了磁控溅射气体团簇源中Cu+ (Cu-)的含量比例不同的条件下,Cu团簇的尺寸分布。模拟结果表明：随着含量比例的增加,团簇的尺寸分布变窄了,不带电的团簇的比例增加,不带电的铜团簇分布的最大值减小,相应的带正电荷和带负电荷团簇的比例减小;相同的含量比例下,带正电的团簇的尺寸分布与带负电荷的团簇的尺寸分布基本相同;初始Cu- 比Cu+ 的含量比例大时,输出的主要是带负电荷的团簇,带正电荷和不带电的团簇占很小的比例;Cu-含量比例的增加,负Cu团簇的尺寸分布减小。     

磁控溅射气体团簇源中团簇形成的DSMC研究

利用直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法(DSMC) ,模拟了磁控溅射气体团簇源中Cu+ (Cu-)的含量比例不同的条件下,Cu团簇的尺寸分布。模拟结果表明：随着含量比例的增加,团簇的尺寸分布变窄了,不带电的团簇的比例增加,不带电的铜团簇分布的最大值减小,相应的带正电荷和带负电荷团簇的比例减小;相同的含量比例下,带正电的团簇的尺寸分布与带负电荷的团簇的尺寸分布基本相同;初始Cu- 比Cu+ 的含量比例大时,输出的主要是带负电荷的团簇,带正电荷和不带电的团簇占很小的比例;Cu-含量比例的增加,负Cu团簇的尺寸分布减小。     

惠斯通电桥实验的分析

惠斯通电桥的灵敏度是影响电阻测量精度的一个主要因素。本论文探究了惠斯通电桥的灵敏度与电源的电动势、桥臂的电阻、桥臂的比例之间的关系。理论分析显示了，电路的总电流保持恒定的情况下，桥臂的比例越大，惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越低，电阻测量的精度越低。另外，桥臂的比例保持不变且电路总电流不大的情况下，电路的总电流越大，惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越高，电阻测量的精度越高。实验测量得到的数据肯定了理论分析得到的结论。     

GW170817:爱因斯坦对了吗?

来自双中子星并合的引力波事件GW170817和伴随的电磁波段的观测,是天文学研究上的一个重要突破。它不仅带给人类史无前例的关于中子星、伽马暴、千新星的知识,也提供了一个检验强场引力的极端天体实验室。爱因斯坦的广义相对论在不同的方面得到了全新的检验,包括引力的速度、引力子的质量、时空的对称性、引力波的辐射和偏振等。这些检验在更高的精度与更广的视角上肯定了广义相对论的预言。     

带有任意自旋粒子衰变产物的角分布

本文研究了具有任意自旋的粒子衰变为一个自旋为零,另一个自旋为1/2的粒子的角分布。给出了球谐函数展开式系数的表式。发现偶次球谐函数项的系数是和引起衰变的相互作用哈密顿量具体形式无关的。但是在球谐函数展开式的奇次项的系数却和一个参变数α有关,而α的值却反映了宇称守恒的相互作用和宇称不守恒的相互作用之间干涉作用的大小。我们给出了这些系数的极大值,发现凡是偶次项系数的极大值是随着衰变粒子自旋的增加而增加的,而奇次项系数的极大值却随着衰变粒子自旋的增加而减小。本文还给出了衰变着的粒子的密度矩阵作为展开式的系数的函数的表式。当这些展开式系数已经知道以后,用这些函数就能决定衰变前的粒子的极化状态,决定宇称守恒相互作用和宇称不守恒相互作用之间的干涉的程度。     

世界范围发光研究的现状

当今的发光研究涉及到一些新奇的和有结构的材料,涉及到尖端的实验技术和高深的理论方法。材料在成分和结构上是多种多样的,并且包括:纯的半导体,例如杂质浓度低于10~9杂质/cm~3的锗;同位素掺杂的有机晶体,例如在质子化的蒽基质中的氘化的蒽;大原胞的化学配比材料,其激活剂是有序排列的,不象在通常的发光体中那样位于无规的格位上;结构性很强的材料,包括用分子束外延制备的异质结、在组分上有单调梯度变化的材料     

光量子信息传输技术

指出光量子信息传输与常规光通信不同的特点。量子信息的传输的载体选用单光子。单光子是由复振幅概率波迭加的波函数来表示的。其本征函数是一组完全正交的偏振态。量子编码即是由表征光子量子态的复数概率波振幅的变化来实现的，传输光纤的双折射和光子的偏振性质是要考虑的一个关键问题。指出用于量子信息编码的三组互为共轭的量子态之间的转化及相位调制对量子态演化的作用，由此比较了各种量子信息传输的方法。     

论散射过程相分析中的不定性问题

从散射过程的相分析中存在不同的相移的选取所必须满足的条件出发,在本工作中,讨论了任意自旋粒子的弹性散射过程的相分析中的不定性问题。给出了全部不同的相的集合之间的变换矩阵,其中所含的实参数由二阶代数方程组决定,因此相分析中的不定性问题化为解这些代数方程的实根的问题。指出此实根的组数之半即为相分析中不同选取的组数。这样,相分析中的运动学不定性问题已完全解决。当道自旋为1/2时,只存在两组不同的相移,当道自旋为1时,也只有两组不同的相移,因此证明了,已知的南氏不定性是这样的自旋值下的全部不定性。在道自旋为3/2时,给出了四给不同的相移。因此除已找出的相移间的变换外,还存在两种新的变换。物理上说,相分析中的不定性相应于自旋的某种运动,它保持自旋张量在动量方向的分量不变,且表征此种运动的参量取一定数值。从讨论中得出,道自旋为整数的情况和为半整数的情况,相移的变换矩阵中所含的实参数所满足的代数方程组具有十分不同的性质,因此实根的组数也不同。这表示,道自旋为整数和为半整数的情况的相移的不同选取的组数也完全不同。一般的推测是,道自旋为整数的情况时的相移不同选取要比为半整数时的少很多。 关键词：     

习题教学后的反思点剖析

习题教学的根本,在于知识点的应用和思维与能力点的突破．常规教学中重视习题的求解过程,即物理过程的展示、物理量之间的等量、常量及关系量的寻找．教学后的反思重在知识点的综合与衔接．其实习题教学的反思应该重在思维和能力的突破,形成解决物理的方法和能力．下面从例题的反思中展现思维与能力的反思点．     

费因曼对凝聚态物理的贡献

费因曼是一位著名的物理学家,他对理论物理的很多方面作出过重要贡献.费因曼的思想是十分机敏且具有独创性的.他喜欢用不同于其他人的角度去注视物理学中的每一个问题,不论是重要的或不重要的,他经常喜欢说的一句话是:“看看问题的其他方面.”正是这种独特的思维方式加上他的极端努力,使费因曼成为一个与众不同的人.任何一个从事创造性工作的人,为了摆脱常规的思想,去掉一些看来是可接受的但却是错误的方式,而需要找出解决问题的更好的途径时,总是以各种方式冲击着原有的传统.但费因曼的这种“看看问题其他方面”的做法,往往与别人不同.其结…     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

Investigation on characteristics of self-organization in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity

The characteristics of coherent coupling in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity are experimentally studied. By virtue of a seemly controlling of length difference between two interferometric arms, the obtained comb-like spectrum of interferometer resonator with a period of 0.06 nm commendably agrees with the theory of self-organization coherence. The coherent output exits from the output mirror of a fiber Bragg grating with 4.5% reflectivity. A high coherent combining efficiency of 94% is obtained. Investigation on characteristics of the leak power opens out self-organization mechanism in Mach-Zehnder composite cavity.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Analysis of Laser-generated Rayleigh wave on viscoelastic materials

In order to understand the viscoelasticity of material, this research has been conducted to study the propagation characteristics of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave theoretically. A model is presented for the pulsed laser generation of ultrasound on viscoelastic medium surface. Referred to the Kelvin model, the frequency equation and the normal displacement of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave were derived, the influence of the viscoelastic modulus on dispersion and attenuation was discussed. From the theoretical calculation, it is shown that the effect of viscoelasticity on the attenuation of Rayleigh wave is more than that on its dispersion. In the case of a weak viscosity, the attenuation of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave is directly proportional to viscosity modulus; the effect of shear viscosity on the attenuation is much more than that of bulk viscosity. The transient response of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave was also simulated using Laplace and Hankel inversion transform, which are showed in good agreement with the theoretic predictions. The model provides a useful tool for the determination of viscoelastic parameters of medium.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Testifying experiment of the multi-pulse phenomena of capillary discharge soft-X-ray laser

In a capillary discharge experiment for the neon-like argon lasing, we have proposed an experimental scheme to verify that the multi-spike of X-ray diode (XRD) signal is a multi-pulse laser or is a reflection of the laser pulse in the XRD.The ceramic capillary has an inner diameter of 3mm and a length of 200mm.At the gas pressure of 28Pa and discharge current of 27kA, stable lasing has been realized.The experimental results prove that the multi-spike of XRD signal is a reflection of the electromagnetic signal produced by the laser pulse in the XRD.The improved electrocircuit scheme of the XRD to minimize the reflection phenomena is also found.     

Harmonic operation of high gain harmonic generation free electron laser

In high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL), with the right choice of parameters of the modulator undulator, the dispersive section and the seed laser, one may make the spatial bunching of the electron beam density distribution correspond to one of the harmonic frequencies of the radiator radiation, instead of the fundamental frequency of the radiator radiation in conventional HGHG, thus the radiator undulator is in harmonic operation (HO) mode. In this paper, we investigate HO of HGHG FEL.Theoretical analyses with universal method are derived and numerical simulations in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet spectral regions are given. It shows that the power of the 3rd harmonic radiation in the HO of HGHG may be as high as 18.5% of the fundamental power level. Thus HO of HGHG FEL may obtain short wavelength by using lower beam energy.