带嵌件型腔内熔接过程的数值模拟研究

基于充模过程的两相黏弹性流体模型, 采用同位网格有限体积法, 结合浸入边界法和界面追踪的复合水平集流体体积方法实现了带嵌件型腔内充模过程的动态模拟. 基于上述模型和算法模拟了熔体前沿界面及熔接线的动态演化过程, 而且通过线性应力-光学定律得到了熔接线附近的流动诱导应力分布情况; 讨论了熔体温度及模具温度对熔接线区域凝固层厚度的影响. 数值结果表明: 本文提出的方法可用于模拟复杂型腔内的充模过程以及熔接线的自动追踪; 由于聚合物黏弹性熔体流动的复杂性, 当两股熔体相遇后, 熔接线不同位置的应力分布变化较大; 熔体或模具温度越高, 熔接线区域凝固层厚度越薄, 提高熔体或模具温度能够改善甚至消除充模过程中的熔接线.     

粘性流动的局部隐式有限元解法

粘性流动的局部隐式有限元解法依凤鸣，吴遇春（哈尔滨工业大学动力系哈尔滨１５Ｏ００１）关键词粘性流动，局部隐式有限元法，Ｎ．Ｓ．方程１引言有限元法具有对复杂几何边界适应性强，对流场内变量梯度大的区域计算精度高以及易于编制大型通用程序等特点，已经成了叶轮...     

复杂型腔充模过程中分子构型演化的数值模拟

基于充模过程的两相黏弹性流体模型,采用有限体积、浸入边界和复合水平集流体体积方法,数值模拟了聚合熔体在复杂型腔中的充模过程.首先,借助一类特殊函数(R-functions)将基于基本几何体的水平集函数组合成描述复杂型腔的形状水平集函数.然后,采用浸入边界法处理复杂型腔问题,有限体积方法求解熔体控制方程,利用复合水平集流体体积方法对熔体前沿界面进行隐式追踪.基于有限伸展非线性弹性哑铃本构方程模型,计算熔体分子构型张量,通过取向椭圆描述分子的取向及拉伸行为,实现了充模过程中分子构型的可视化.最后,对带有两个圆形嵌件的环状型腔内的充模过程进行数值模拟研究,得到了充模过程中型腔内的温度、应力及分子构型的变化情况,并重点分析了充模速度、熔体温度和模具温度等对分子构型的影响.数值结果表明:本文提出的耦合模型可以成功模拟复杂型腔内充模过程中的温度、应力和分子取向等物理量的动态变化;适当提高注射速度可以增大熔接痕的强度;提升熔体温度和模具温度,可以有效改善甚至消除熔接痕.     

粘性层模型及其在求解层流分离流动中的应用

为准确而简便地求解分离流动,本文提出了气体流动的粘性层模型。此模型在简化Navier-Stokes方程时,保留了粘性层厚度的零阶项和一阶项,并考虑了切应力和压强沿法向的变化。文中给出了在任意非正交坐标下粘性层模型的基本方程和边界条件。为了检验这一方法的可行性,对层流分离流动进行了数值计算。结果表明,这一方法的计算简单而准确,与试验符合较好,是计算含有大分离的流动的一种有效方法。     

数值分析带二次流跨音速尾喷管流场

本文用有限元法数值分析带二次流可调收—扩喷管跨音速流动,紊流粘性采用ｋ—ε双方程模型来描述,并利用加权余量法中的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法建立有限元方程,求解可压缩粘性流体流动Ｎ－Ｓ方程,喷管壁面采用壁面函数。通过四种不同喷管、不同工况下尾喷管内部流场计算,并用实验数据进行对比表明：计算结果合理,程序可靠,可利用有限元法对喷管超音速流动进行数值研究。     

二维方腔内对流换热的场协同分析

通过对协同方程的求解,得到在二维方腔内换热效果最优的流场形态随粘性阻力的增加而转变的现象。本文利用附加体积力和挡板的手段,用数值方法再现了粘性耗散不同时最优流场的几种流动形态。不同工况下的数值结果证实了换热效果较好的流动形态会随着粘性阻力的增加而发生转变的观象。最后,讨论了挡板热导率等参数对换热效果的影响。     

隐式间断有限元方法的参数化边界修正

本文采用并行任意阶精度隐式格式的间断有限元方法,求解来流马赫数为0.01的低速可压缩无黏流动,为增强间断有限元对网格的适应性,采用参数化的方法同时对曲线边界上的积分点位置及外法向向量进行修正,计算结果表明在不做预处理的情况下,隐式间断有限元方法也能较好的计算低速流动,本文所做的参数化边界修正方法有助于间断有限元方法使用通用非结构网格进行高精度的计算.     

气体体积粘性对二维环形激波聚焦的影响

基于体积粘性系数ζ的分子运动论和连续介质理论,对二维环形激波聚焦（马赫数Ma=2.0）的体积粘性效应进行数值研究,结果表明：对于热完全气体,体积粘性使得激波汇聚中心点处的压力减小、温度增加、密度减小,聚焦点物理参数的改变量分别可达20%、10%、30%,体积粘性效应对环形激波聚焦的影响是不可忽略的;与转动模态相比,在振动模态下环形激波聚焦的体积粘性效应更为明显,因为激波聚焦点附近的体积粘性应力ζ▽·V与热力学压力p达到同一数量级,从而显著改变了流动参数.     

带运动部件的不可压缩流动MPS法数值模拟

本文对移动粒子半隐式法(MPS),一种适用于计算粘性不可压缩流动的全拉格朗日无网格法进行了研究.在原有MPS方法的基础上建立了移动边界作用模型,实现了由于流体中运动部件的平动或转动而引起的流场变化,扩展了MPS方法的应用范围.将计算结果与精确解进行了比较,验证了带运动部件的MPS方法的正确性.同时对十字搅拌器进行了数值模拟,很好地描述了对液体的搅拌过程.为这一类流体机械问题的研究提供了新的数值研究方法.     

复杂几何边界三维粘性内流问题的计算方法及算例

一、引言 本文企图发展一种能够计算具有复杂几何边界三维粘性内流问题的通用方法,为深入研究叶轮机械内部流动损失机理打下一定的理论基础。为此,本文首先对求解三维粘性流动问题的数值方法进行了探讨,发展了以速度逆变分量为求解变量,在任意非正交曲线坐标系下求解三维定常不可压缩时均N-S方程以及K-ε双方程紊流模型方程的有效数值方法。然后利用本文作者提出的计算三维内流问题的通用附体坐标系,完成了一套计算三维粘性内流问题的通用方法和计算机程序。为检验本文发展的数值分析方法的通用性和精度,对几种不同的流动问题进行了计算,结果令人满意。     

The Effect of Melt Vibration on Polystyrene Melt Flowing Behavior During Extrusion

Vibration extrusion (VE) is achieved by superimposing a mechanical vibration on the flowing melt during extrusion. The effect of melt vibration on the melt flow behavior of polystyrene (PS) was studied. The melt flow behavior during conventional extrusion (CE) was studied for comparison. With the application of the melt vibration technology, the melt flow behavior of PS was greatly improved. The melt viscosity during the VE strongly depends on the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude. Extruded at constant vibration amplitude, the melt viscosity decreases sharply with increasing vibration frequency and also does so for increasing vibration amplitude when extruded at a constant vibration frequency. The improved melt flow property is explained in terms of shear-thinning criteria. The effect of melt vibration on the melt flow behavior is also related to the melt temperature and extrusion pressure; the greatest decease in viscosity is obtained at low temperature and low extrusion pressure.     

Numerical investigation of the flow in the cathode melt droplet of electric arc

The role of electromagnetic forces and the forces of viscous friction with the arc plasma flow in the flow formation within the cathode melt is considered within the framework of numerical modelling; a comparative estimation of the separate influence of each of the above forces is carried out. The melt flow pattern is found to form mainly by electromagnetic forces. The character of the effect of electromagnetic forces is determined to a considerable extent by the ratio of the radius of cathode attachment of the arc on the melt droplet and the rod cathode radius.     

远场来流对过冷熔体中球状晶体生长的影响

利用渐近分析方法研究了远场来流引起的对流对过冷熔体中球状晶体的生长形态的影响.结果表明,由远场来流导致的对流使得正在生长的球状晶体的界面在向着来流的前部朝来流方向相反的方向生长, 并且提高了朝来流的相反方向的生长速度, 在背风方向衰减；正在衰减的球状晶体的界面在向着来流的前部加速衰减, 在背风方向减缓衰减. 关键词： 球状晶体 远场来流 对流 界画形态     

单晶生长炉全局热分析(1)——三维模型建立

晶体生长炉内高温热辐射和熔液对流十分复杂,使分析整个生长炉内传输现象的全局热分析模型一直停留在轴对称准静态假定上.本文考虑熔液对流的三维性和非定常性,构筑了三维全局热分析模型,讨论了熔液对流三维性和非定常性的影响.结果表明:本文模型预测的晶体成长界面反转临界雷诺数大大降低,更接近实际.     

Laser produced melt pool: Influence of laser intensity parameter on flow field in melt pool

The flow field developed in the laser produced melt pool is investigated and the influence of the Marangoni effect on temperature field is examined. The experiment is carried out to trace the solidified melt pool geometry and the heating is simulated in line with the experimental conditions to predict the melt size in the irradiated region. In the simulations, the control volume approach is used incorporating the Marangoni effect. The enthalpy-porosity method is adopted to account for the phase change in the irradiated region. The study is extended to include the influence of the laser intensity parameter (β) on temperature and the flow field in the melt pool. It is found that the melt pool geometry and the flow field in the melt pool is influenced by the laser intensity parameter. In this case, the number of circulation cell formed in the melt pool is doubled for the intensity parameter 0.4≤β≤0.6. The predictions of the melt pool geometry agree well with the experimental data.     

Skin Thickness and β-Crystals Development in Injection-Molded iPP Along the Flow Direction

In this study, iPP was injection molded at 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C. According to polarization optical microscopy (POM) results, for a given part, the skin thickness steadily decreases along the flow direction. However, at the same distance from the gate, the skin thickness of the parts molded at lower melt temperature is larger than that molded at higher melt temperature. It is found that flow time (here, the time taken for melt to pass the specific position along the flow direction) and melt temperature are two significant factors leading to this phenomenon, while the gate size is another one.

The DSC and WAXD results show that the relative fraction of β-form crystals, for a specific part, decreases along the flow direction, which is mainly determined by flow time. However, for the parts molded at different molding temperatures, the fraction of the β-form crystals is mainly determined by the molding temperature, though this influence is very complex.     

Estimation of snow and glacier melt contribution to Liddar stream in a mountainous catchment,western Himalaya: an isotopic approach

Snow- and glacier-dominated catchments in the Himalayas are important sources of fresh water to more than one billion people. However, the contribution of snowmelt and glacier melt to stream flow remains largely unquantified in most parts of the Himalayas. We used environmental isotopes and geochemical tracers to determine the source water and flow paths of stream flow draining the snow- and glacier-dominated mountainous catchment of the western Himalaya. The study suggested that the stream flow in the spring season is dominated by the snowmelt released from low altitudes and becomes isotopically depleted as the melt season progressed. The tracer-based mixing models suggested that snowmelt contributed a significant proportion (5–66?%) to stream flow throughout the year with the maximum contribution in spring and summer seasons (from March to July). In 2013 a large and persistent snowpack contributed significantly (～51?%) to stream flow in autumn (September and October) as well. The average annual contribution of glacier melt to stream flow is little (5?%). However, the monthly contribution of glacier melt to stream flow reaches up to 19?% in September during years of less persistent snow pack.     

金属熔体近壁面流动剪切模型及其对金属凝固影响的理论研究

本文建立了金属熔体近壁面流动剪切模型, 并分析了流动剪切对金属凝固的影响. 针对A356合金计算结果表明:层流流动的熔体内部剪应力随垂直斜板表面距离的增大而减小, 随着流动长度的增加先急剧下降之后趋于稳定; 紊流流动的熔体所受的剪应力随着垂直倾斜板表面距离的增大先急剧下降之后趋于稳定, 随着流动长度的增加而不断增大; 斜板倾角越大, 斜板上相同位置的熔体层受到的剪应力越大; 熔体垂直斜板表面距离越小, 柱状晶所承受的弯曲应力越大; 斜角越大, 斜板上相同位置的柱状晶的弯曲应力越大; 随着熔体在倾斜板表面流动长度的增加, 在层流阶段, 倾斜板表面柱状晶根部所受的弯曲应力先急剧下降之后趋于平稳, 而在紊流阶段, 弯曲应力是缓慢增加的; 理论分析表明柱状晶在熔体近壁面流动过程受到的最大弯曲应力低于αup -Al晶粒的屈服强度, 所以斜板上熔体流动产生的弯曲力不能将柱状晶折断, 只能将晶粒冲刷游离到熔体中使晶粒增殖, 与实验结果相符合. 所以本模型可以很好地解释熔体近壁面流动过程中的剪切本构关系以及剪应力对凝固组织的影响.     

Computation of steady flow in the molten pool at electric-arc heating

Peculiarities of the formation of melt hydrodynamics in the molten pool of electric arc as a result of a viscous interaction with the arc plasma flow and the effect of electromagnetic forces are considered. It is shown that in a relatively shallow pool, the role of viscous interaction with plasma flow predominates electromagnetic forces. In a deeper pool, the flow in peripheral upper region is formed as before by a viscous interaction between plasma and melt, and the electromagnetic forces dominate in deep regions.     

Melt Elongation Properties of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene

The melt extensional properties of a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were measured using melt spinning techniques in a range of temperature varying from 150 to 200°C, and the entry flow method in the capillary extrusion at 170°C was used to investigate the effects of elongation strain rate, temperature, and extrusion velocity in the capillary on the melt elongation stress and viscosity. The melt stretching force at break decreased nonlinearly with a rise of temperature. A low melt elongation viscosity might be beneficial to improve the melt drawability. With the increase of elongation strain rate, the melt elongation stress increased while the melt elongation viscosity decreased nonlinearly. Both melt elongation stress and viscosity decreased with a rise of temperature. Under the experimental conditions, the melt elongation stress and viscosity decreased with an increase of extrusion velocity in the capillary. Moreover, the relationship between the elongation viscosity determined from the entry flow and strain rate was similar to that from the melt spinning flow.