不同电子取代基卟啉化合物的光谱和DFT研究

采用实验与密度泛函理论计算(DFT)相结合,研究了不同电子取代基修饰的5-邻羟基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(TPPOH)和5-邻羟基苯基-10,15,20-三(对甲氧基)苯基卟啉[(p-OCH₃)TPPOH]化合物的吸收光谱及其电化学性质。结果表明,相对于TPPOH,由于对位甲氧基(-OCH₃)给电子能力强致使(p-OCH₃)TPPOH的卟啉环电子云密度增加,从而引起吸收光谱红移(3 nm)、氧化还原电位发生明显的负移,最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO)能级差降低0.06 eV。DFT理论分析分子前线轨道电子分布结果显示(p-OCH₃)TPPOH的HOMO和LUMO轨道能量均增加,而能级差却比TPPOH能级差小0.05 eV。理论结果与电化学和光谱实验结论一致,并进一步阐明了光谱和电化学性质变化机理,为揭示不同取代基卟啉化合物的设计与应用提供重要依据。     

金红石相VO2电子结构与光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用完全势线性缀加平面波方法(FP-LAPW)结合密度泛函+U(DFT+U)模型计算了金红石相VO₂的电子结构和光学性质. 电子态密度计算结果表明所采用的方法可以较好的描述体系的导带电子结构. 计算得到体系为导体,V-O键主要由O原子的2 p轨道与V原子的3 d轨道杂化形成,外加光场垂直和平行于c轴时体系的等离子振荡频率为3.44 eV和2.74 eV,光电导率在0-1 eV之间有一个与带内跃迁有关的德鲁德峰,而大于1 eV的光电导率主要由电子带间跃迁产生,得到并分析了带内跃迁过程和带间跃迁过程各自对反射谱和电子能量损失谱的贡献. 关键词： 光电性质 电子结构 缀加平面波方法 2')" href="#">VO₂     

O3+与H2碰撞中非解离电荷转移过程的全量子计算

应用全量子的分子轨道强耦合方法,研究了基态的O³⁺(2s²2p ²P)与氢分子碰撞的非解离电荷转移过程,计算了不同方位角(25°,45°,89°),能量分别为100,500,1000和5000eV/u时的单电子俘获的振动分辨的态选择截面及相应的微分截面.分子轨道强耦合计算中采用了自旋耦合价带理论计算的三原子分子势能面和径向耦合矩阵元.对氢分子的自身转动,采用无限阶的冲量近似方法;对体系的电子运动同H₂或H^{+< 关键词： 非解离电荷转移过程 全量子的分子轨道强耦合方法 无限阶冲量近似 振动冲量近似国家自然科学基金(批准号：10604011 10574020)和国家高技术研究发展计划(863)惯性约束聚变领域资助的课题.}     

低能O3+与H2碰撞电子俘获过程中靶的同位素效应研究

利用全量子的分子轨道强耦合方法,我们研究了基态的O3 (2s22p2P)与氚分子和氢分子碰撞的电荷转移过程,计算了方位角为45°,能量分别为0.1eV/u,1.0eV/u,100eV/u,500eV/u的单电子俘获的振动分辨的态选择截面及总截面.分子轨道强耦合计算中采用了自旋耦合价带理论计算的三原子分子势能面和径向耦合矩阵元.对体系的电子运动同H2(T2)或H2 (T2 )的转动和振动之间的耦合,根据能量的不同,分别采用了无限阶的冲量近似或振动冲量近似.结果发现,低能O3 与H2碰撞电子俘获过程中靶的同位素效应显著:对不同的同位素靶,单电子俘获的总截面以及振动分辨态选择截面的分布明显不同;入射离子能量越低,同位素效应越显著.     

β-C3N4,β-Si3N4和β-Ge3N4的能带结构

采用基于密度泛函理论的线性丸盒轨道原子球近似(LMTO-ASA)从头计算方法,研究了β-C₃N₄,β-Si₃N₄和β-Ge₃N₄的能带结构,得到了它们的能隙分别为:4.1751,5.1788和4.0279eV。对于β-C₃N₄,由于N的部分2p电子占据了非键轨道,禁带宽度较窄;对于β-Si₃N_{4关键词：}     

苯甲醇分子HOMO和N-HOMO轨道的电子动量谱学研究

利用第三代电子动量谱仪研究了苯甲醇(C_6H_5CH_2OH)分子的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和次最高占据轨道(N-HOMO)电子动量谱,给出了外价轨道的电离能谱信息.实验在非共面对称几何条件下完成,入射电子的能量为2400 eV加结合能.通过密度泛函方法计算得到了苯甲醇分子最高和次最高占据轨道的动量谱,理论与实验结果符合较好.     

TPD/PBD界面电致激基复合物几何结构和 电子结构的理论

利用第一性原理对由TPD⁺和PBD^-形成的电致激基复合物(TPD⁺PBD^-)进行基于密度泛函的能量、轨道等性质的计算。结果表明:界面处离子态的TPD⁺ 和 PBD^-更易形成处于更低能量状态的电致激基复合物。几何结构的数据分析表明:电致激基复合物(TPD⁺PBD^-)是电子从PBD^-转移至TPD⁺形成的电荷转移态;电致激基复合物的最低空轨道(LUMO)定域在电致激基复合物PBD^- 的一侧;它的最高占据轨道(HOMO)定域在电致激基复合物TPD⁺的一侧;且前线分子轨道无重叠。电致激基复合物的能隙为1.3 eV,与PBD 的LUMO到TPD的HOMO的能级差1.6 eV相近。在理论上说明了电致激基复合物的发光是从PBD的LUMO到TPD的HOMO的电子跃迁。     

非球对称势场与轨道有序化:NiO电子结构再研究

用含有非球对称修正的FPLMTO和LDA+UDFT,LDA+USIC研究了NiO的电子结构,发现由于非球对称势场的引入,导致了占据的3d轨道eg分量的轨道有序化.结果表明在这一类复杂的强关联电子中,原子球内非球对称性多极势场对电子结构的影响已经比较明显:除了上述的轨道有序化以外,eg分量的位置下移,宽度明显变窄,呈现局域化的趋势;两种不同LDA+U方法计算得出的电荷转移能隙分别为337eV(DFT)和25eV(SIC).同时发现在NiO中,上、下Hubbard带实际上是由占据的和非占据的3deg轨道构成,3dt2g轨道和O2p轨道的杂化带具有较大的带宽,因而也具有一定的巡游特性.结果表明在NiO中有特征明显的3d电子轨道有序化.通过研究得出结论:在NiO这一类体系的电子结构计算中,势场的非球对称性部分和球间区势场的作用,以及轨道极化等因素都应该恰当地处理 关键词： 关联电子系统 过渡金属氧化物 电子结构     

AlnCum (n=2-6, m=1-3)团簇的几何与电子结构

本文利用密度泛函理论研究了Al_nCu_m(n=2-6,m=1-3)团簇的几何结构、稳定性和电子结构.结合能、解离能以及最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙的分析表明8和20价电子的Al₂Cu₂和Al₆Cu₂团簇具有较强的稳定性.通过对团簇的分子轨道和能级结构进行分析,结果表明8和20价电子的Al₂Cu₂和Al₆Cu₂团簇的分子轨道与凝胶模型预测的一致,可构成闭合壳层,表现出特别的稳定性.Cu原子定域的3d轨道位于团簇的分子轨道之间,但并未影响团簇分子轨道的分布.     

金基纳米管AunSi12 (n=25-60)的奇异结构与电磁特性预测

应用相对论效应的密度泛函理论,系统研究了一系列稳定的中空类管状Au_nSi₁₂(n=25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60)团簇. Au_nSi₁₂可以通过在不同长度的单壁Au纳米管(5, 5)的两端戴帽由二十面体Au₂₀Si₁₂平分的两个相同半球构建而成.计算结果显示,Si原子的掺杂使得Au_nSi₁₂的结构变得更加紧密且加强了相应的类管状Au团簇的稳定性.最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙值在0.041 eV至0.138 eV区间,表明Au_nSi₁₂具有较高的化学活性.电子结构分析显示,Si原子和Au原子之间的p-d轨道杂化在形成和维持Au_nSi₁₂的类管状结构方面发挥了重要作用.Hirshfeld电荷分析显示,电荷从Au原子转移到Si原子上,Au_n...     

Electron affinities of the bromine oxides BrOn,n = 1-4

Bromine oxides are of significant interest due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used in conjunction with a DZP++ (double-ζ plus polarization with diffuse functions) basis set to study the molecular geometries and total energies of BrOn and BrO^- _n (n = 1-4). The adiabatic electron affinity (EA_ad), the vertical electron affinity (EA_vert) of the bromine oxide and the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of each anion are reported. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and zero point energies are also reported. Five different DFT methods were employed for comparison. Among these, the BHLYP method predicts the geometries and the vibrational frequencies in best agreement with available experimental data, while the the other methods do better in predicting the limited number of energetic quantities determined observationally. The predicted adiabatic electron affinities are 2.38 eV (BrO, experiment 2.35 eV), 2.36 eV (BrO₂), 3.35 eV (BrOO), 4.32 eV (BrO₃), 2.91 eV (BrOOO) and 5.28 eV (BrO₄). The electronic ground state of BrOO^- is a triplet (³A^") state. Predicted Br–;O bond distances range from 1.61 (BrO₃) to more than 2 Å for Br...O₂ for the neutral molecules; and from 1.61 Å for BrO^- to 1.82 Å for BrO^- to more than 2 Å for Br^-...O₃ among the anions. The BrOO isomer (C_s symmetry) is predicted to lie 17–18 kcal mol^-1 below the C_2v symmetry OBrO structure. The asymmetric ³A^" anion BrOO^- analogously lies below OBrO^-, in this case by 40–41 kcalmol_-1. BrOOO (C_s symmetry) is predicted to lie 42-45 kcalmol-1 below the symmetric C_3v BrO structure. Finally the asymmetric BrOOO- anion (C₁ symmetry) is predicted to lie 10-13kcal mol-1 below symmetric C_3v BrO^- ₃.     

甲烷分子电子碰撞电离和解离的实验研究

本文利用反应显微成像技术(reaction microscope)研究了54 eV电子入射甲烷分子导致的电离解离过程,详细分析了电离解离产生的CH⁺₂,CH⁺,C⁺离子碎片的动能分布情况.实验结果表明,该入射能量下产生CH⁺₂,CH⁺,C⁺离子碎片主要贡献来自2a₁内价轨道电子的直接电离过程产生的离子态(2a< 关键词： 反应显微成像谱仪 电离解离 能量沉积 动能分布     

Probing the isomer,fluorination and bond effects in C<Subscript>3</Subscript>H<Subscript>6</Subscript>, cyclo-C<Subscript>3</Subscript>H<Subscript>6</Subscript> and C<Subscript>3</Subscript>F<Subscript>6</Subscript> molecules using electron impact

We have carried out experimental and theoretical studies on electron scattering from the C₃H₆ isomers and C₃F₆ molecules and we report on total, differential as well as theoretical integral elastic cross-sections for these molecules. Vibrational excitation functions are also presented for the typical vibrational peaks in C₃H₆ and cyclo-C₃H₆ for the angle of 90^○, impact energy range of 1–16 eV and loss energies of 0.12 eV and 0.13 eV, respectively. In the cross-sections, clear differences in peak positions and magnitudes between the C₃H₆ isomers can be viewed as the isomer effect. The same is observed between C₃H₆ and C₃F₆ in a clear manifestation of the fluorination effect. The resemblance of the π^* shape resonance in the cross-sections, observed at about 2.2 eV for C₃H₆ and 3.5 eV for C₃F₆, to those in C₂H₄ and C₂F₄ clearly points to the effect of the double bond in the molecular structures for these molecules. Theoretical analysis is performed to provide rationales for the scattering dynamics.     

FePc与TiO2(110)及C60界面电子结构研究

基于C₆₀受体和有机分子给体的太阳能电池是目前非常重要的一个研究热点, 利用同步辐射真空紫外光电子能谱(SRUPS) 技术研究了酞菁铁(FePc)与TiO₂(110)及C₆₀的界面电子结构, 以及FePc与C₆₀分子混合薄膜的电子结构. SRUPS价带谱显示, FePc沉积在化学计量比与还原态两种不同的TiO₂(110)表面时, FePc分子的HOMO能级均随FePc厚度的变化发生了移动, 而在化学计量比的TiO₂(110)表面位移较大, 同时发生界面能带弯曲, 说明存在从有机层向衬底的电子转移. 在FePc/C₆₀和C₆₀/FePc界面形成过程中, FePc与C₆₀分子的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)位移大小基本相同. 由界面能级排列发现, 在FePc与C₆₀的混合薄膜中, FePc分子的HOMO与C₆₀分子的最高占据分子轨道能级差较大, 这有利于提高器件开路电压, 改善器件性能.     

Formation of doubly charged negative ions under the conditions of the resonant electron capture by fluorofullerenes

Doubly charged negative ions formed when electrons with controlled energies interact with isolated fluorinated fullerene molecules C₆₀F _n (n = 36, 48) have been detected and investigated by resonant electron capture mass spectrometry. The dependence of the intensity of the formation of doubly charged negative ions of fluorofullerenes on the energy of attached electrons has been measured. An original method, which is based on the experimental data and does not require additional calibration quantities, has been developed for estimating the absolute cross section for the formation of doubly charged negative ions. The absolute cross sections for the formation of the most intensely formed ions C₆₀F ₃₆ ^2? and C₆₀F ₄₈ ^2? are estimated to be about 1.1 × 10^?24 and 1.5 × 10^?24 m² at their maximum-yield energies of 2.0 and 1.6 eV, respectively.     

Energy and angular distributions of electrons ejected from CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and C<Subscript>3</Subscript>H<Subscript>8</Subscript> under 16.0 keV electron impact

Relative cross sections, differential in energy and angle, for electrons ejected from CH₄ and C₃H₈ molecules under 16.0 keV electron impact have been measured. Electrons were analyzed by a 45° parallel plate electrostatic analyzer at emission angles varying from 60° to 135° with energies from 50 eV to 1000 eV. The angular distributions of electrons exhibit structures which are found to arise from Coulomb and non-Coulomb interactions. Furthermore, the double differential cross sections of electrons ejected from C₃H₈ molecule are found to be higher in magnitude than those from CH₄. This result supports the fact that the number of ejected electrons participating in collisions with C₃H₈ molecules is more than that in CH₄. Also, the angular distributions of C-K-shell Auger electrons emitted from the target molecules have been studied and shown to be isotropic within the experimental uncertainty     

Electron capture by HCl trimers: an ab initio study

The structures and energies of three neutrals and four different anions formed by HCl trimers have been examined by theoretical calculations at MP2 and CCSD(T) levels with large basis sets. In order of increasing binding energy for three HCl molecules, the neutrals are: the Y-shaped species, an open chain Z-shaped form and the cyclic C_3h form. Dipole bound anion states are possible for both the Z and Y neutrals, but the DBS of the latter is likely to be short lived. The threshold energies for dissociative attachment (DA) of an electron in the reaction: e^- + (HCl)₃↦ H^• + Cl(HCl)₂^- at the CCSD(T) level are 0.0 and 0.06 eV, respectively for the Y and Z forms. The cyclic species has no dipole moment and does not attach thermal electrons. The structure of the D_3h solvated electron (SE) type trimer anion, was also investigated. Although the structure provides for a high electron affinity (0.33 eV relative to the cyclic trimer) it was unstable and rearranged into a ClH.ClH^•HCl^- (SE(2+1)) species. The latter has an EA of 0.59 eV. Vertical detachment energies were also found for these structures. The EAs and vertical detachment energies of the four HCl anion species are discussed and compared to the corresponding species of HF.     

C60 fullerene binding to DNA

Fullerenes have attracted considerable attention in various areas of science and technology. Owing to their exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties, they have many applications, particularly in cosmetic and medical products. Using the Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential function and the continuum approximation, which assumes that intermolecular interactions can be approximated by average atomic surface densities, we determine the binding energies of a C₆₀ fullerene with respect to both single-strand and double-strand DNA molecules. We assume that all configurations are in a vacuum and that the C₆₀ fullerene is initially at rest. Double integrals are performed to determine the interaction energy of the system. We find that the C₆₀ fullerene binds to the double-strand DNA molecule, at either the major or minor grooves, with binding energies of ?4.7 eV or ?2.3 eV, respectively, and that the C₆₀ molecule binds to the single-strand DNA molecule with a binding energy of ?1.6 eV. Our results suggest that the C₆₀ molecule is most likely to be linked to the major groove of the dsDNA molecule.     

Fragmentation and internal steric rearrangement of C60 - in electron transfer dynamics

The crossed molecular beam technique is used for producing C₆₀^- species through potassium-buckyball collision processes, and studying the collision dynamics in an energy ranging from 10 eV up to 500 eV. At low collision energies only the negative parent ion is formed. As long as the collision energy is increased the fragmentation pattern of the fullerene negative ion could be identified and relative total cross-sections could be measured. Surprisingly, some satellite contributions have been observed in the band structure of C₆₀^- parent ion time-of-flight spectrum, which points to the existence of distinct conformational C₆₀^- isomers, which are likely to be formed during the collision, favoured by the strong polarization of the C₆₀^- in the presence of the K⁺ projectile ion. Such presumed detection of different spheroidal metastable C₆₀^- conformers was made possible due to an electric effect operating at the nanoscale.     

Electron-induced radiation from C60 fullerene in the gas phase

The formation of radiating particles in the excitation of C₆₀ fullerene molecules by electrons with energies E _e<100 eV is investigated by the method of crossed molecular and electron beams. A quasicontinuous (with a spectral resolution of 3 nm) emission spectrum, close to the Planck emission spectrum of a heated body, is recorded in the wavelength range 300–800 nm. The temperature of the radiation corresponds to an internal energy of the C₆₀ molecule of approximately 40 eV. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 12, 915–919 (25 June 1996)