Surface modification of polypropylene with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in argon and an argon/water vapour mixture

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in pure argon and an argon/water vapour mixture has been used to modify the surface of polypropylene (PP) films. The gas temperature of the plasma jet was found to be 625 K in an active zone between the electrodes and was found to increase in the afterglow. Based on these results, the PP films are placed as close as possible to the edge of the capillary in order to avoid thermal damage to the polymer. XPS results on the untreated and modified PP samples revealed incorporation of a significant amount of oxygen on the polymer surface, however, this oxygen inclusion is more pronounced for the argon/water vapour jet due to the higher radicals density in the jet afterglow. One can therefore conclude that adding water vapour to an argon plasma jet can be a convenient way to increase the efficiency of plasma surface modification.     

大气压直流氩等离子体射流工作特性研究

介绍了一种新型大气压直流双阳极等离子喷枪,并对其电特性参数和发射光谱进行了测量.通过对氩等离子体射流的电信号进行时域和频域分析,研究了载气流量和弧电流的变化对射流脉动的影响,结果表明氩等离子体电弧的伏安特性呈上升趋势,射流脉动属于接管模式,电源特性中的交流分量引起的电压波动是影响氩等离子体射流脉动的主要因素. 通过光谱法测量了氩等离子体射流在弧室内和弧室出口的发射光谱,利用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法计算了射流的激发温度,根据Ar I谱线的斯塔克展宽得到了射流的电子密度,并对等离子体射流满足局域热力学平衡(LTE) 关键词： 等离子喷枪 射流脉动 激发温度 局域热力学平衡     

大气压冷等离子体射流灭活子宫颈癌Hela细胞

研究了大气压冷等离子体射流对子宫颈癌Hela细胞的灭活机制. 在倒置显微镜下观察不同等离子体处理条件下的细胞形态, 并通过中性红吸收测试定量测定各个条件下的细胞存活率. 将功率维持在18 W, 在900 mL/min 氩等离子体中添入氧气的百分含量分别为1%, 2%, 4% 和8%的条件下处理Hela细胞, 探讨活性气体氧气在惰性气体氩气中的百分含量对Hela癌细胞灭活效率的影响, 发现添加2%氧气时, 氩/氧等离子体灭活效果最佳, 处理180 s后细胞存活率可降至7%. 当继续添加氧超过2%时, 灭活效果逐渐减弱, 直至8%时, 其效果反而不如单纯氩等离子体. 通过测量等离子体发射光谱, 结果表明活性氧自由基在癌细胞灭活过程中可能起关键作用. 关键词： 大气压冷等离子体射流 Hela癌细胞 存活率 发射光谱     

Influence of oxygen addition on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet at atmospheric pressure

Plasma jet is an important low-temperature plasma source in extensive application fields. To promote the production of active oxygen species, oxygen is often introduced into the inert working gas. However, the influence of oxygen content on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet is not clear. Aim to this status, an argon plasma jet in a single-electrode geometry is employed to investigate the influence of oxygen concentration (C_O) on discharge aspects. Results indicate that with increasing C_O (≤ 0.6%), the plume transits from a diffuse morphology to a hollow structure. Electrical and optical measurements reveal that both discharge number per voltage cycle and pulse intensity alter with varying C_O. Moreover, discharge morphologies of negative and positive discharges obtained by fast photograph also shift with varying C_O. Besides, optical emission spectra are collected to investigate atomic C_O, electron density, and electron temperature. The results mentioned above are explained qualitatively, which are believed to be of great significance for the applications of atmospheric pressure plasma jet.     

Temperature's optical tomography diagnosis of arc plasma jet flowing into air

An argon arc jet plasma flowing into air is chosen as a practical example to study the multiple species jet plasma's optical computerized tomography (OCT) diagnosis. The refractive index models of the pure argon and the multiple species arc plasmas are supplied. On the basis of which, the temperature reconstruction model of the multiple species arc plasma is further derived. By theoretical calculation, the effect of mixed air on the refractive index is given. For the sake of better proving the effect of directly omitting the mixed air on flow field's temperature reconstruction from the refractive index, a simulated experiment is supplied. Finally, the condition, which can be adopted to estimate that whether the pure argon arc plasma refractive index model still can be used as the temperature reconstruction model of the argon arc plasma jet flowing into air, is proposed.     

Time stability of water activated by different on-liquid atmospheric pressure plasmas

Two atmospheric pressure micro-jets generated in helium or argon and an air micro-arc discharge were used to obtain plasma activated water. The new water properties depend on the plasma gas, treatment time and treated volume. The higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide is associated with the argon discharge while the higher concentration of nitrogen based species and the higher modifications of pH and of electrical conductivity are associated with the air discharge. The properties of the treated water (pH and electrical conductivity) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and of nitric acid show very small variations over three weeks after treatment.     

Effect of liquid phase on the triple point pressure of argon

We report here a systematic data analysis of the vapour pressure of argon at different amounts of the liquid phase to understand the thermodynamic behaviour of this inert gas around triple point. At the triple point plateau, the applied heat pulse melts a certain phase of solid argon into liquid and increases vapour pressure. It is observed that this vapour pressure attains the thermodynamic equilibrium pressure after a certain time interval. The expoential decay of the vapour pressure as a function of time at different fractions of the liquid phase shows two different features. In one region, the relexation time constant (τ) is low and is not varying with the liquid phase, while in the other region the value ofτ increases with the amount of the liquid phase. Further, the peak pressure from the equilibrium pressure (ΔP _h), obtained from the fitting parameters, shows a dip at around 50% of the liquid phase. A qualitative physical interpretation has been given to explain these results.     

Pulsed microwave-driven argon plasma jet with distinctive plume patterns resonantly excited by surface plasmon polaritons

Atmospheric lower-power pulsed microwave argon cold plasma jets are obtained by using coaxial transmission line resonators in ambient air.The plasma jet plumes are generated at the end of a metal wire placed in the middle of the dielectric tubes.The electromagnetic model analyses and simulation results suggest that the discharges are excited resonantly by the enhanced electric field of surface plasmon polaritons.Moreover,for conquering the defect of atmospheric argon filamentation discharges excited by 2.45-GHz of continued microwave,the distinctive patterns of the plasma jet plumes can be maintained by applying different gas flow rates of argon gas,frequencies of pulsed modulator,duty cycles of pulsed microwave,peak values of input microwave power,and even by using different materials of dielectric tubes.In addition,the emission spectrum,the plume temperature,and other plasma parameters are measured,which shows that the proposed pulsed microwave plasma jets can be adjusted for plasma biomedical applications.     

层流氩等离子体射流温度的测量

 采用给水冷管状静电探针施加负偏置电压、并使探针以一定速度垂直于射流轴线扫过层流氩等离子体射流的方法,测量探针所收集到的累积离子饱和电流随侧向位置的变化,利用Abel变换推导出了局部离子饱和电流密度沿射流径向的分布;采用自制的水冷动压探针,以动态扫描法测量了射流动压沿射流径向的分布;根据局部离子饱和电流密度和射流动压的测量数据,由理论关系式推导出了等离子体射流横截面上的温度分布,同时,采用谱线相对强度法测量了等离子体射流的激发温度。结果表明：两种方法得到的等离子体射流中心温度吻合较好,所得到的射流中心温度随弧电流加大而增大的变化趋势也一致。     

半导体泵浦射流型亚稳态氩激光国际首次出光北大核心CSCD

半导体泵浦亚稳态惰性原子激光是高能光泵浦气体激光领域具有潜力的新方案。已有报道均在约束的放电空间内产生亚稳态原子,功率放大受到多因素制约。为突破现有方案的局限,采用大气压等离子体射流方式在羽流区域产生高浓度亚稳态氩原子(1014 cm^(−3)量级),将放电和激光区域空间分离,利用811 nm窄线宽半导体激光器作为泵浦源,基于泵浦、激光和气流相互垂直的结构实现912 nm激光输出,有效拓展了该型激光体系的功率定标放大能力。     

Emission properties of apokamp discharge at atmospheric pressure in air,argon, and helium

Emission spectra of the plasma jet of apokamp discharge in air, helium, and argon are studied. Apokamp at atmospheric pressure is formed in the areas of strengthening of the electric field near the bends in the channel of the pulse-periodic discharge and is directed perpendicularly to the discharge channel. Apokamp consists of a bright narrow “appendage” connected with the discharge channel and with the diffuse jet emerging from the channel. It is shown that, in helium, the emission of the diffuse part of apokamp is dominated by N₂ and N₂ ⁺, while emission of the “appendage” display lines and bands of He, N₂, N₂ ⁺, O, and OH. In argon, emission spectra of the diffuse part of the plasma jets contain not only N₂ and N₂ ⁺, but also Ar lines. It is assumed that the surrounding air plays an important role in the formation of the diffuse part of apokamp in helium and argon.     

氩等离子体射流在空气环境中冲击平板层流流动与传热的数值模拟

本文采用组合扩散系数方法处理不同气体组分之间的扩散，对氩等离子体的流射入空气环境并撞击平板时的层流流动和传热进行了数值模拟．这种新的处理混合气体中质量扩散的方法有助于更准确地描述等离子体条件下的组分扩散与能量输运。文中给出了射流中速度、温度及氩质量分数的分布情况，以及基板处热流密度分布的若干典型的数值模拟结果．     

Pionic X-rays from argon and hydrogen plus argon

Pionic X-ray spectra from argon and hydrogen plus argon have been measured with a high-pressure gas target. Energy and natural width of the 3d?2p)-line were determined to beE=168.88±0.10 keV andΓ=1.17±0.17keV, respectively. An upper limit of 56% at 90% confidence was obtained for the probability of pion transfer from hydrogen to argon.     

Effect of argon ion activity on the properties of Y2O3 thin films deposited by low pressure PACVD

Yttrium oxide thin films are deposited by microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapour deposition process using an indegeneously developed Y(thd)₃ {(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)yttrium} precursor. Depositions were carried out at two different argon gas flow rates keeping precursor and oxygen gas flow rate constant. The deposited coatings are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties of the films are studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Hardness and elastic modulus of the films are measured by load depth sensing nanoindentation technique. Stability of the film and its adhesion with the substrate is inferred from the nanoscratch test.It is shown here that, the change in the argon gas flow rates changes the ionization of the gas in the microwave ECR plasma and imposes a drastic change in the characteristics like composition, structure as well as mechanical properties of the deposited film.     

Characteristics of an atmospheric‐pressure radio frequency‐driven Ar/H2 plasma discharge with copper wire in tube

This paper investigates a plasma discharge driven by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) power supply at atmospheric pressure, in which a copper wire is inserted in the discharge tube for the deposition of Cu films. The results show that the jet plasma formation originates from the discharge between the copper wire and induction coil because of its electrostatic field. The axial distribution of the plasma parameters in the RF plasma jet, namely the gas temperature, excitation temperature, and electron number density, is determined by diatomic molecule OH fitting, Boltzmann slope, and H_β Stark broadening, respectively. The discharge current significantly declines when a small amount of hydrogen is added to the argon as the plasma‐forming gas, and the gas temperature of discharge plasma increases considerably.     

Ar流速对多级弧放电装置中Ar等离子特性的影响

采用PLASIMO程序模拟了入口处Ar流速对多级弧放电产生的非热平衡Ar等离子体特性的影响。模拟结果发现:从入口处到出口处,沿中心轴线,压强逐渐降低,电子平均能量基本保持不变。当流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,电子数密度呈增大趋势;从入口处到出口处,电子数密度呈先增大后减小的趋势;当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,电子数密度最大值分别为10.131021,16.311021,18.981021和26.331021 m-3;随着流速的增大,其电子数密度逐渐增大。当流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,电子温度逐渐增大;从入口处到出口处,电子温度呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,并在中心轴线处距入口55～60 mm有最大值,当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,其最大值分别为1.299,1.234,1.157和1.132 eV;由于入口处和器壁处的电子温度都为0.517 eV,所以随着Ar流速的增大,其电子温度逐渐减小。当Ar流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,离子温度逐渐增大;从入口处到出口处,离子温度呈先增大后减小的趋势,并且在中心轴线距入口20～30 mm离子温度取得最大值,当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,离子温度最大值分别为0.815 6,0.907 02,0.975 2和1.014 eV。随入口处流速的增大,电弧腔体内的离子温度逐渐增大。     

Monte Carlo simulations of neon and argon using ab initio potentials

Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of neon and argon have been performed with pair potentials taken from literature as well as with new ab initio potentials from just above the triple point to close to the critical point. The densities of the coexisting phases, their pair correlation functions, the vapour pressure and the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization have been calculated. The influence of the potential choice and of the addition of the Axilrod-Teller (AT) three-body potential on the above mentioned properties have been investigated. It turns out that an accurate ab initio two-body potential in connection with the AT potential yields very good results for thermodynamic properties of phase equilibria.     

JSOG中BHP液面的温升与水蒸气含量

 用稳态二维传热方程对射流式单重态氧发生器 （简称JSOG）中BHP （Basic Hydrogen Peroxide）溶液表面温度分布进行了理论推导和分析,获得物理意义鲜明的解析结果。并对JSOG气流中的水蒸汽含量与BHP溶液表面温度以及其它因素的依赖关系进行了初步的定性分析。     

Density effects on the spectral emission of a high temperature argon plasma

In order to explain the detailed features of radiation spectra obtained from dense argon plasmas, an ionization-radiation model for argon has been constructed which calculates time-integrated spectra as a function of plasma temperature, density and size. The model describes a plasma in collisional-radiative equilibrium (CRE) by solving the time-dependent atomic rate equations for ground state and selected excited state populations of argon coupled with a probability-of-escape radiation transport scheme for both bound-bound and bound-free photons. Results are presented which illustrate basic changes in the X-ray spectra of an argon plasma as density is increased, in particular, relative intensities of resonance, satellite and intercombination lines as well as the free-bound continuum. In addition, temperature and density profiles from 1-D MHD calculations characterizing the peak emission from argon puffed-gas plasmas (≈10¹⁹ions/cm³) and argon-seeded laser-imploded microballons (?10²²ions/cm³) are post-processed using the model and the resulting spectra are discussed.     

Experimental evaluation of the ξ-function for an atmospheric argon plasma near 104 K

The ξ-functions for an atmospheric argon plasma have been evaluated within an accuracy of ±9% over the visible region (400–800 nm) at several temperatures in the 10⁴ K region. The plasma has been produced by a low-voltage, high-current arc jet and its parameters have been determined by using a recently published value for the atomic transition probability.