Resonant vibrations of a hinged viscoelastic rectangular plate

The paper examines the effect of dissipative heating on the performance of a sensor in a hinged thermoviscoelastic rectangular plate undergoing resonant flexural vibrations. The thermoviscoelastic behavior of materials is described using the concept of complex characteristics. The coupling of the electromechanical and thermal fields is taken into account. The nonlinear problem is solved by the variational and Bubnov–Galerkin methods. The effect of the dissipative-heating temperature and the dimensions of the sensor on its performance during resonant vibrations of the plate is analyzed.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of the effect of rain and surface property on wind-turbine airfoil performance

The performance of wind turbines is significantly affected by the atmospheric condition of their operating environment. Because rain is a common phenomenon in many parts of the world, understanding its effect on the performance of wind turbines provides valuable information in determining the site for a new wind farm. We developed a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to estimate the effect of rain by simulating the actual physical process of rain droplets forming a water layer over the blades by coupling the Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and the Eulerian Volume of Fluid (VOF) models. We applied our model to a wind-turbine blade airfoil and studied the effect of rain for different rainfall rates in addition to the effect of surface tension and surface property of the airfoil. We observed that, at low rainfall rates, the performance of the airfoil is highly sensitive to the rainfall rate. However, if the rainfall rate is high enough to immerse most of the airfoil surface under water, a further increase in the rainfall rate does not have a substantial effect on the performance of the airfoil.     

Performance optimization of two-bed closed-cycle solid-sorption heat pump systems

The performance of two-bed, closed-cycle solid-sorption heat pumps are affected by the switching frequencies at which the sorbent beds are cycled between the regeneration and adsorption processes. However, there always exists a switching frequency that optimizes the system performance (i.e., thermal COP) for given design and operating conditions. In this paper, the performance of two-bed, closed-cycle solidsorption heat pumps are optimized based on the switching frequency and the effect of the design and operating parameters on the optimum performance are investigated. The effect of the sorbent bedNTU, the thermal resistance within the sorbent, the contact resistance between the sorbent and the tube wall of the heat transfer fluid, the fraction of inert mass within the sorbent bed heat exchanger, and amount of fluid resident within the heat exchanger, on the optimum system performance is documented.     

The effect of velocity on rigid wheel performance

A simulation model to predict the effect of velocity on rigid-wheel performance for off-road terrain was examined. The soil–wheel simulation model is based on determining the forces acting on a wheel in steady state conditions. The stress distribution at the interface was analyzed from the instantaneous equilibrium between wheel and soil elements. The soil was presented by its reaction to penetration and shear. The simulation model describes the effect of wheel velocity on the soil–wheel interaction performances such as: wheel sinkage, wheel slip, net tractive ratio, gross traction ratio, tractive efficiency and motion resistance ratio. Simulation results from several soil-wheel configurations corroborate that the effect of velocity should be considered. It was found that wheel performance such as net tractive ratio and tractive efficiency, increases with increasing velocity. Both, relative wheel sinkage and relative free rolling wheel force ratio, decrease as velocity increases. The suggested model improves the performance prediction of off-road operating vehicles and can be used for applications such as controlling and improving off-road vehicle performance.     

Thermal Analysis of Natural Convection Porous Fins

This work introduces a simple method of analysis to study the performance of porous fins in a natural convection environment. The method is based on using energy balance and Darcy’s model to formulate the heat transfer equation. The thermal performance of porous fins is then studied for three types of fins: long fin, finite-length fin with insulated tip and a finite-length fin with tip exposed to a known convection coefficient. It is found from the analysis that the effect of different design and operating parameters such as: Ra number, Da number, thermal conductivity ratio, Kr and length thickness ratio on the temperature distribution along the fin is grouped into one newly defined parameter called S_H. The effect of the variation of S_H on the porous fin thermal performance is established. The effect of varying the fin length and thermal conductivity ratio on the heat transfer rate from the fin is investigated and compared with that for a solid fin at certain conditions. It is found that the heat transfer rate from porous fin could exceed that of a solid fin. It is also found that increasing the fin length and effective thermal conductivity enhances the heat transfer from the fin up certain limit, where a further increase in these parameters adds no improvement to the fin performance. On Leave from Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan     

机械密封织构化表面粗糙度效应的有限元模型与摩擦学特性分析

为研究粗糙度效应对机械密封织构化端面承载能力、摩擦学特性以及密封性能的影响，基于有限元法建立了机械密封的混合润滑模型，针对确定性非高斯随机分布粗糙表面，考虑润滑液膜的宏微观空化作用和粗糙峰的接触，研究了圆孔型织构化机械密封的摩擦学性能和密封性能. 结果表明:平衡状态下处于全膜润滑区间的非高斯型粗糙织构表面，在研究范围内均方根值越大的表面其减摩效果越好，且泄漏率越大，从混合润滑区到全膜润滑区转变的速度也随之增大；非高斯表面的偏态值和峰态值对密封表面的承载能力，润滑性能以及密封性能有影响，但无明显规律；在混合润滑区，圆孔织构具有增摩效果，而在全膜润滑区表现出减摩效果.      

Multi-pass effect on off-road vehicle tractive performance

The paper presents an analysis and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the multi-pass effect on off-road vehicle tractive performance in different soils. A literature review and the results of this study indicated that to accurately predict a vehicle’s tractive performance, the multi-pass effect should be taken into account. A new method has been developed on how to calculate the effect in given soil and operating conditions. The method includes consecutive calculation of the tractive performance: (a) for the first vehicle pass using an analytical model with soil input including an initial soil parameters set, (b) for the following vehicle passes using the same analytical model with corresponding soil input for each pass which can be obtained using the new procedure.     

竖向载荷对半刚性连接钢框架抗震性能的影响

利用拟动力试验对T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架在2 种地震峰值加速度下的抗震性能进行研究, 并对比分析了钢框架在柱顶施加竖向载荷和无竖向载荷等2 种工况下的应变、位移和载荷变化, 以及载荷-位移滞回曲线. 结果表明: T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架具有较好的变形能力, 滞回性能良好, 抗震能力较强, 且随着地震作用的增大, 钢框架的动力反应增大; 竖向载荷对钢框架的层间位移反应影响较大, 而对节点区域的应变和层间载荷的影响较小.     

Effects of the electromagnetic radiation on cognitive performance: a model study

We constructed a two-layer network model to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the cognitive functions. The network model was used to simulate two cognitive tasks under the electromagnetic radiation: the visual-guided saccade task and the memory-guided saccade task. The performance of these tasks showed that the electromagnetic radiation could induce faster ramping up activities, higher level of persistent activities and shorter reaction time, but the basic functions of the network such as working memory and motor output did not impair. We found that the electromagnetic radiation have both excitatory effect and inhibitory effect on the neuronal activities of the network model, but the excitatory effect played a major role. Finally, we concluded an excitatory mechanism to explain the effects of the electromagnetic radiation on the cognitive performance.

     

Experimental study on the storage performance of high-vacuum-multilayer-insulation tank after sudden,catastrophic loss of insulating vacuum

High-vacuum-multilayer-insulation (HVMLI) cryogenic tank is one kind of dangerous pressure vessels. One of the worst accidents that may occur in a high-vacuum-multilayer-insulation (HVMLI) cryogenic tank is a sudden, catastrophic loss of insulating vacuum (SCLIV). The influence of SCLIV on storage performance for a HVMLI cryogenic tank is experimentally studied in this paper. A test rig was built up and experiments were conducted using LN₂ as the test medium. The cryogenic tank was tested in the conditions of various combinations with different initial liquid level and number of insulation layers. Some important conclusions for storage performance with a vacuum-lost HVMLI cryogenic tank have been obtained. The experimental results show that the numbers of insulation layers and the initial liquid level have obvious effect on the storage performance after SCLIV for cryogenic tanks.     

拉深用润滑剂的摩擦系数和压边力的关系研究

采用拉深用润滑剂性能评定模拟试验机研究不同种类的润润剂在不同压边力值条件下,拉深过程中的摩擦系数与压边力之间的关系。结果表明：试验用的油基润滑剂主 大拉深性能越好,受压边力的影响也越小,水基润滑剂受压边力的影响明显大于油基润滑剂,并且存在最佳压边力。     

锈蚀H型钢偏心受压承载性能试验研究

通过锈蚀H型钢构件的偏心受压试验,研究锈蚀对H型钢构件偏压承载能力的影响,并为工程师提供锈蚀H型钢构件偏心受压承载能力的试验数据。试验采用5根锈蚀H型钢,2根未锈蚀构件作为对比试验,分别对受拉翼缘、受压翼缘和腹板的锈蚀对H型钢构件偏心受压承载能力的影响进行了详细探究,得出翼缘的锈蚀对钢构件偏压承载能力的影响较腹板显著,其中受压翼缘比受拉翼缘影响更甚。锈蚀对钢材力学性能的影响也在文中进行了试验研究,结果表明：钢材的锈蚀对其屈服强度和极限强度无显著影响,但显著影响钢材塑性性能。     

气相爆轰驱动二级轻气炮内弹道数值模拟

二级轻气炮是超高速弹丸驱动技术中使用最广泛的技术之一, 它在超高速气动物理现象及材料高速碰撞下力学性能的实验研究和验证方面起着不可或缺的作用. 中国科学院力学研究所基于爆轰驱动方法研制了一座大型二级轻气炮, 可弥补高压气体驱动能力有限和火药使用受限的不足. 本文基于经过实验验证的准一维数值模拟方法, 详细研究了该设备的内弹道动力学参数及发射性能, 并探讨了不同发射方法及装填参数对设备性能的影响规律和机理. 研究结果表明, 氢氧爆轰驱动相比于高压气体驱动具有明显优势; 不同爆轰驱动方式对弹丸发射性能影响较小, 但其影响到整个设备的强度设计; 对装填运行参数的研究表明增大爆轰段充气压力可以有效加强轻气炮发射性能, 而活塞质量变化对发射速度的影响较为复杂, 轻气炮实际运行中受设备设计指标及模型材料性能的限制, 优化过程中需要同时调整3种参数以达到轻气炮最佳性能.      

Numerical investigation of the adverse effect of wind on the heat transfer performance of two natural draft cooling towers in tandem arrangement

This article reports the findings on the adverse effect of the crosswind on the performance of natural draft cooling towers through numerical computation with thek-ε eddy-viscosity turbulence model. It is observed here that the cause of the adverse effect of the crosswind on the cooling towers can be attributed to the around flow effect which destroys the radial inflow into the cooling towers when the wind is absent. Hence, a significant deterioration in the heat transfer from the heat exchangers at lateral sides occurs. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19725208) and the National Climbing project of China     

A new designed heat pipe: an experimental study of the thermal performance in the presence of low-frequency vibrations

New experimental results present the effects of low-frequency vibrations in a horizontal heat pipe. The temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser of the heat pipe was measured under different heat transfer rates, filling ratios and frequencies. The low-frequency vibrations imposed a significant effect on the thermal performance as the best performance was achieved with the thermal resistance 0.05 K/W in the frequency 25 Hz.     

惯容器对隔振系统动态性能影响研究

本文设计了一种滚珠丝杠惯容器及ISD隔振系统,通过实验研究了惯性轮的转动惯量对惯容值的影响;同时,分析了滚珠丝杠惯容器的机械动力学特性,推导了ISD隔振系统的振动传递率计算公式,探讨了惯容器对ISD隔振系统动态特性的影响。在电机被动、主动和混合隔振工况下,开展了弹簧阻尼系统和ISD隔振系统的振动性能对比实验,验证了惯容器对振动系统固有频率和减振效果的影响规律。研究结果表明,惯容器可降低振动系统的固有频率,使共振频率向低频移动,共振振幅降低;在共振频率附近,惯容器可抑制共振振幅,惯容值越高,抑制效果越明显;ISD隔振系统在低频的减振效果优于传统的弹簧阻尼系统;随着频率比的增加,ISD隔振系统的传递率趋于稳定值,惯容器会引起高频隔振性能降低。     

Effect of surface orientation on pool boiling heat transfer of nanoparticle suspensions

Several investigators have found that there is a significant effect of surface orientation on pool boiling performance and mechanisms, when a pure liquid is boiled over tubular heating surfaces. However, there is no similar study reported in literature for pool boiling of nanoparticle suspensions. This paper investigates the effect nanoparticles, suspended in pure liquids, can have on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer at various surface orientations. Systematic experiments were conducted on a smooth tube (average surface roughness 48 nm) of diameter 33 mm and length 170 mm at various inclinations (0°, 45° and 90°). Electro-statically stabilized water-based nanoparticle suspensions containing alumina nanoparticles (primary average sizes 47 nm and 150 nm) of concentrations 0.25%, 1% and 2% percent by weight were used. It has been found that there is a significant effect of surface orientation on the heat transfer performance. Horizontal orientation gave maximum heat transfer and the heating surface, when inclined at 45°, gave minimum heat transfer. Further, it was observed that surface–particle interaction and modified bubble motion can explain the behavior.     

Investigation of surface texture influence on hydrodynamic performance of parallel slider bearing under transient condition

Although surface texture has been becoming an attractive technique for improving hydrodynamic performance in lubrication system, the study of surface texture mainly focus on the steady-state load conditions. This investigation evaluates the effect of surface texture on hydrodynamic performance under transient lubrication in parallel bearing. In the case, considering cavitation phenomena in liquid lubricating film, a mass conserving formulation based on Elrod–Adams model with JFO conditions is then employed. The implementation of numerical simulation is discretized in spatial and time domain for calculating the pressure distribution. The effect of different geometrical configurations of lubricated contact on hydrodynamic performance is evaluated. The results show that surface texture in parallel bearing yields a great improvement in terms of friction force and friction coefficient.     

The Effect of Bubbly Oil on the THD Lubrication of Tilting-pad Journal Bearings Subjected to Rotating Unbalance Load

Little work has been published on the contribution of entrained air and/or gas bubbles on the lubricant viscosity and hence on the hydrodynamic performance of bearings. In this work, a thermo-hydrodynamic analysis of the performance of dynamically loaded tilting-pad journal bearing lubricated by bubbly oil is carried out. The non-steady Reynolds equation for compressible fluid and the energy equation are solved iteratively using finite difference method to study the effect of air bubbles on the bearing performance characteristics. The effect of bubbles content on the lubricant viscosity is considered.The results showed that the value of maximum pressure slightly increases with increasing the bubble ratio up to 0.2, while the film thickness deteriorates at very high bubble content. The pressure peak moves in the downstream direction with the increase of bubble ratio ₁, which would be of great importance in deciding the pivot location in tilting-pad bearings.     

基于节段模型试验的宽幅箱梁涡振性能气动措施优化

为了研究宽幅流线型箱梁断面的涡振性能,以某跨越长江的大跨悬索桥为背景,进行1∶50节段模型风洞试验。分析了检修轨道、人行道栏杆等涡振敏感构件的影响,研究了改变人行道栏杆形式、附加斜腹板导流板以及风嘴分流板等气动措施的制振效果。研究结果表明,宽幅箱梁涡振性能随来流攻角增大而逐渐变差,且由于漩涡Strouhal数的变化易诱发多区间涡振,扭转涡振幅值随阻尼增加线性衰减显著。人行道栏杆是此类断面的涡振敏感构件,去掉栏杆踢脚石能明显改善涡振性能;斜腹板导流板对改善其涡振性能效果微弱;风嘴分流板具有显著的制振效果,不仅能有效地抑制主梁涡振的发生,且能提高颤振临界风速。