树脂吸附法处理五氯酚钠生产废水

本文用大孔吸附树脂ＣＨＡ—１１１处理五氯酚钠（ＰＣＰ—Ｎａ）生产废水，其中ＰＣＰ—Ｎａ含量为１００００～１５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤｃｒ高达１１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ。经中和沉淀－树脂吸附法处理，处理量为１２ＢＶ，吸附流出液中五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）含量≤１．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＰＣＰ去除率＞９９％，ＣＯＤｃｒ总去除率≥８０％，树脂脱附液经酸化处理，可回收ＰＣＰ。     

紫外分光光度-CPA矩阵法同时测定2-(2′-呋喃基)苯并咪唑和邻苯二胺

研究了２－（２′－呋喃基）苯并咪唑（ＦＢＤ）和邻苯二胺（ＯＰＡ）在无水乙醇溶液中的紫外吸收光谱，建立了多波长同时测定ＦＢＤ和ＯＰＡ的紫外光度ＣＰＡ矩阵法。ＦＢＤ和ＯＰＡ分别在０．１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．０～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的浓度范围，ＦＢＤ和ＯＰＡ的回收率均大于９３％，相对标准偏差小于７．５％。     

不锈钢钝化膜在醛化液中自钝能力的研究

采用电偶极化和恒电位极化等电化学方法,评价１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢阳极钝化膜和ＳＵＳ３６不锈钢原始钝化膜在７０℃的维尼维醛化液｛Ｈ２ＳＯ４（２４０ｇ／ｌ＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ４（７０ｇ／ｌ）＋ＨＣＨＯ（２５ｇ／ｌ）＋「Ｆｅ＾３＋」（３５．４＊１０＾－６）＋「Ｃｌ＾－」（２４０ｍｇ／ｌ）｝中的自钝能力,探讨醛化液组分、Ｆdisplay status     

EFFECT OF WATER ON PERFORMANCE OF SILICALITE-2 ZEOLITE SUPPORTED Cr CATALYST FOR C_2H_4 PRODUCTION FROM C_2H_6 DEHYDROGENATION WITH CO_2

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＷＡＴＥＲＯＮＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＯＦＳＩＬＩＣＡＬＩＴＥ２ＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＥＤＣｒＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＦＯＲＣ２Ｈ４ＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦＲＯＭＣ２Ｈ６ＤＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＡＴＩＯＮＷＩＴＨＣＯ２ＸｕＬｏｎｇｙａ，Ｗａｎ...     

反相色谱法分离和间接光度法测定无机阴离子

在化学键合固定相ＯＤＳ柱上,用Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）作流动相添加剂分离并用间接光度法检测无机阴离子。探讨了主要因素（如流动相中Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）浓度、有机溶剂浓度、ｐＨ值和离子强度等）对阴离子保留和检测灵敏度的影响。Ｃｌ~－,Ｂｒ~－,ＮＯ_３~－和Ｉ~－具有良好的分离度;间接光度检测波长为Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）的最大吸收波长５１０ｎｍ。测定这４个离子的校正曲线的线性范围为１～１６０ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｃｌ~－,Ｂｒ~－,ＮＯ_３~－）和２～３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｉ~－）;相关系数均达０．９９６。     

INSITUFTIR SPECTRAL STUDY OF THE OXYGEN ADSPECIES ON SrF_2／La_2O_3 CATALYST DURING THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

ＩＮＳＩＴＵＦＴＩＲＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＴＨＥＯＸＹＧＥＮＡＤＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＮＳｒＦ＿２／Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３ＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＤＵＲＩＮＧＴＨＥＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＶＥＣＯＵＰＬＩＮＧＯＦＭＥＴＨＡＮＥ￥ＲｕｉＱｉａｎｇＬＯＮＧ；ＳｈｕｉＱｉｎＺＨＯ...     

A NEW ROUTE FOR C_2H_4 PRODUCTION FROM C_2H_6 DEHYDROGENATION WITH CO_2 OVER SILICALITE-2 ZEOLITE SUPPORTED Cr CATALYST

ＡＮＥＷＲＯＵＴＥＦＯＲＣ２Ｈ４ＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦＲＯＭＣ２Ｈ６ＤＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＡＴＩＯＮＷＩＴＨＣＯ２ＯＶＥＲＳＩＬＩＣＡＬＩＴＥ２ＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＥＤＣｒＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＸｕＬｏｎｇｙａ，ＬｉｎＬｉｗｕ，ＷａｎｇＱｉｎｇｘｉ...     

稀土的应用研究--铈在含砷废水处理研究中的应用

研究了稀土元素作为絮凝剂对废水中砷的去除效果。研究发现,稀土元素能沉淀絮凝吸附溶液中的砷,最佳除砷ＰＨ为１０左右,沉淀时间为２ｈ,沉淀效果较好。当Ｃｅ／Ａｓ≥１０、砷初始浓度为１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的去除率大于９６％,Ａｓ（Ⅴ）为９９％以上,所生成的污泥量从体积和重量上均比常用絮凝剂ＦｅＣｌ３、ＦｅＳＯ４、Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３等要少得多,１００ｍｇ／Ｌ砷经过的二级沉淀处理后,砷的排出浓度低于０     

贵金属冶金物料中微量钯,铂,铑的双波长分光光度法同量测定的研究

本文提出了用二苄基二硫代乙二酰胺（ＤｂＤＯ）为显色剂分光光度测定铑的方法，并进一步研究了该试剂与钯、铂的反应，从而建立了可在一个试样中同时测定该三元素的方法。在２～３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ溶液中，钯与ＤｂＤＯ在室温显色，用氯仿萃取并用８．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ振荡有机相，然后在４５４ｎｍ测定。在萃余液中加入ＳｎＣｌ２，并在沸水浴中加热，使铂、铑的ＤｂＤＯ络合物生成，再用氯仿萃取，８．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ     

低温煤焦油电解加氢性能的研究

对电极材料、溶剂种类、支持电解质种类等的选择、低温煤焦油在间歇式卫离电解槽中，以铅板为阴极，、铂丝为阳极，以ＤＭＦ＝Ｃ２Ｈ３ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｂｕ４ＮＢｒ为电解体系，电解后可得到较争孤加氢效果，当ＤＭＦ：Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ＝２：３（体积比），「Ｈ２Ｏ」＝２．５ｍｏｌ／ｌ，「Ｂｕ４ＮＢｒ」＝０．５０ｍｏｌ／ｌ，Ｔ＝３０６Ｋ，电解电位为－２．２Ｖ，电解后的焦油中氢含量可提高０．８４％，Ｈ／Ｃ原子比可增加０．１５     

Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic nitrogen with the use of ion chromatography in highly salinated environmental samples

We present the development of a method for the simultaneous determination of inorganic nitrogen species in oxidized (NO₂^–, NO₃^–) and reduced (NH₄⁺) forms using ion chromatography with diode‐array detection (205, 208, and 425 nm, respectively). The oxidized forms were determined directly after the separation in the anion exchanger, while the reduced form was determined in the column hold‐up time after derivatization with the Nessler reagent. The use of an appropriate modifier (Seignette reagent) and mobile phase (NaCl) enabled the determination of inorganic nitrogen species in highly salinated environmental samples (water, sediments). Moreover, low detection limits were obtained of 0.04 mg/L for NH₄⁺ and 0.006 and 0.005 mg/L for NO₂^– and NO₃^–, respectively. The analysis of environmental samples indicated NH₄⁺ contents of up to 1161 ± 47 mg/kg and NO₃^– of up to 148 ± 6 mg/kg for sediment samples, as well as the NH₄⁺ concentrations of up to 0.98 ± 0.10 mg/L, NO₂^– of up to 24 ± 1 mg/L and NO₃^– of up to 20 ± 1 mg/L for water samples.     

Stable partial nitritation of mature landfill leachate in a continuous flow bioreactor: Long-term performance,microbial community evolution,and mechanisms

A continuous flow bioreactor was operated for 300 days to investigate partial nitritation (PN) of mature landfill leachate, establishing the long-term performance of the system in terms of the microbial community composition, evolution, and interactions. The stable operation phase (31–300 d) began after a 30 days of start-up period, reaching an average nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 94.43% and a ratio of nitrite nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N/NH₄⁺-N) of 1.16. Some fulvic-like and humic-like compounds and proteins were effectively degraded in anaerobic and anoxic tanks, which was consistent with the corresponding abundance of methanogens and syntrophic bacteria in the anaerobic tank, and organic matter degrading bacteria in the anoxic tank. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas was found to be the key functional bacteria, exhibiting an increase in abundance from 0.27% to 6.38%, due to its collaborative interactions with organic matter degrading bacteria. In-situ inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was achieved using a combination of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA), low dissolved oxygen (DO) with fewer bioavailable organics conditions were employed to maintain stable PN and a specific ratio of NO₂⁻-N/NH₄⁺-N, without an adverse impact on AOB. The synergistic relationships between AOB and both denitrifying bacteria and organic matter degrading bacteria, were found to contribute to the enhanced PN performance and microbial community structure stability. These findings provide a theoretical guidance for the effective application of PN-Anammox for mature landfill leachate treatment.     

Influence of ammonium on the performance of a denitrifying culture under heterotrophic conditions

The effect of ammonium on a denitrifying reactor of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket type was studied. At a constant nitrate loading rate (2500 mg NO ₃ ⁻ -N/[L · d]), using acetate as organic electron donor and at a C/NO ₃ ⁻ -N ratio of 1.23, an increase in the N₂ production rate was observed when the ammonium loading rate was increased (25, 250, and 500 mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N/[L · d]). Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was not observed, and the N₂ production efficiency was increased from 84 to 100% or higher. Since NH ₄ ⁺ in the output was lower than in the input, it was suggested that it was used for nitrate reduction. At constant NH ₄ ⁺ -N/NO ₃ ⁻ -N and C/NO ₃ ⁻ -N ratios of 0.2 and 1.63, respectively, the molecular nitrogen production rate was increased at 300 and 500 mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N/(L · d), whereas at 200 mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N/(L · d) DNRA took place probably owing to culture conditions of low reductive power. Molecular nitrogen production was not observed under autotrophic conditions, and the addition of acetate to the culture recovered its high nitrogen removal rate. Experimental results and balances indicated that the consumed ammonium was used as an additional reductive source.     

Ion chromatography with the indirect ultraviolet detection of alkali metal ions and ammonium using imidazolium ionic liquid as ultraviolet absorption reagent and eluent

Indirect ultraviolet detection was conducted in ultraviolet‐absorption‐agent‐added mobile phase to complete the detection of the absence of ultraviolet absorption functional group in analytes. Compared with precolumn derivatization or postcolumn derivatization, this method can be widely used, has the advantages of simple operation and good linear relationship. Chromatographic separation of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺ was performed on a carboxylic acid base cation exchange column using imidazolium ionic liquid/acid/organic solvent as the mobile phase, in which imidazolium ionic liquids acted as ultraviolet absorption reagent and eluting agent. The retention behaviors of four kinds of cations are discussed, and the mechanism of separation and detection are described. The main factors influencing the separation and detection were the background ultraviolet absorption reagent and the concentration of hydrogen ion in the ion chromatography‐indirect ultraviolet detection. The successful separation and detection of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺ within 13 min was achieved using the selected chromatographic conditions, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.02, 0.11, 0.30, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. A new separation and analysis method of alkali metal ions and ammonium by ion chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection method was developed, and the application range of ionic liquid was expanded.     

Anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic sequential degradation of synthetic wastewaters

This study was conducted in a continuous three-stage system of anaerobic (R1)-anoxic(R2)-aerobic (R3) reactors with synthetic wastewater containing phenol (1000 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (3000 mg/L), CN⁻ (30 mg/L), SCN⁻(400 mg/L), and NH ₄ ⁺ -N (600 mg/L) as principal pollutants and well-acclimated heterogeneous microbial cultures. The final effluent was partially returned to R2 with a recycle ratio of 1. Anaerobic stage served to detoxify the feed by removing up to 80% of cyanide. Complete SCN⁻ removal and denitrification could be achieved in the anoxic stage by utilizing phenol as an internal source of carbon. Nitrification efficiency of 93% was obtained in the aerobic reactor. The results demonstrated that the three-stage system can give the desired final treated effluent quality (0 mg/L of phenol, 0.2 mg/L of CN⁻, 210 mg/L of COD, and 20 mg/L of NH ₄ ⁺ -N) and that the NO ₃ ⁻ -N concentration can be lowered by a higher recycle ratio.     

Preparation of Sorbents Containing Straetlingite Phase from Zeolitic By-Product and Their Performance for Ammonium Ion Removal

In this study, straetlingite-based sorbents were used for NH₄⁺ ion removal from a synthetic aqueous solution and from the wastewater of an open recirculation African catfish farming system. This study was performed using column experiments with four different filtration rates (2, 5, 10, and 15 mL/min). It was determined that breakthrough points and sorption capacity could be affected by several parameters such as flow rate and mineral composition of sorption materials. In the synthetic aqueous solution, NH₄⁺ removal reached the highest sorption capacity, i.e., 0.341 mg/g with the S30 sorbent at a filtration rate of 10 mL/min and an initial concentration of 10 mg/L of NH₄⁺ ions. It is important to emphasize that, in this case, the Ce/C0 ratio of 0.9 was not reached after 420 min of sorption. It was also determined that the NH₄⁺ sorption capacity was influenced by phosphorus. In the wastewater, the NH₄⁺ sorption capacity was almost seven times lower than that in the synthetic aqueous solution. However, it should be highlighted that the P sorption capacity reached 0.512 mg/g. According to these results, it can be concluded that straetlingite-based sorbents can be used for NH₄⁺ ion removal from a synthetic aqueous solution, as well as for both NH₄⁺ and P removal from industrial wastewater. In the wastewater, a significantly higher sorption capacity of the investigated sorbents was detected for P than for NH₄⁺.     

A spot test for ammonium ion by the color band formation method

Removing nutrients from wastewaters is important in controlling eutrophication. Processes for removing nutrients require accurate control of operational conditions, and it is necessary to monitor nutrient concentrations during the removal process. For this purpose, a simple and accurate analytical method is especially important for small-scale wastewater treatment facilities. Here, we report a simple colorimetric method for determining NH₄⁺-N in wastewater. The method is to detect NH₄⁺-N by a color band length formed in a minicolumn, and similar methods for heavy metals detection were reported by Morosanova et al. In this study, the length of the color band of indonaphthol dye trapped on an adsorbent in a minicolumn was linearly correlated with NH₄⁺-N concentration in the range 1-10 mg NH₄⁺-N l⁻¹ under optimized conditions. This methods was developed on the basis of our previously reported color band methods for orthophosphate and nitrite determination, but the adsorbent used in this work consisted of an admixture of synthetic hydrotalcite particles and poly(vinyl chloride) particles coated with equal amounts of benzylcetyldimethylammonium chloride and biphenyl. When the method was applied to actual wastewaters, the results corresponded well with the results obtained by the standard method, and suspended solids (SS) and dissolved organic pollutants did not interfere with detection.     

Enhanced Ammonia Content in Compost Leachate Processed by Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens), feeding on leachate from decaying vegetable and food scrap waste, increase ammonia (NH₄⁺) concentration five- to sixfold relative to leachate unprocessed by larvae. NH₄⁺ in larva-processed leachate reached levels as high as ∼100 mM. Most of this NH₄⁺ appears to have come from organic nitrogen within the frass produced by the larvae as they fed on leachate. In nitrate-enriched solutions, BSF larvae also facilitate dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia. The markedly higher concentration of NH₄⁺ recovered in leachates processed with BSF larvae and concomitant diversion of nutrients into insect biomass (itself a valuable feedstock) indicate that the use of BSF larvae in processing leachate of decaying organic waste could be advantageous in offsetting capital and environmental costs incurred in composting.     

丙烯酸生产外排废水化学需氧量与总有机碳相关性研究

化学需氧量（COD_Cr）与总有机碳（TOC）指标均可用来表征废水的有机物污染程度.不过,以COD_Cr表征有机物污染程度一般只能反映水中部分有机物的量,而TOC能更全面地反映废水中有机物的含量.以丙烯酸生产外排废水为研究对象,分析结果表明：在一定范围内,废水中COD_Cr与TOC满足关系式y=1.147 4x+74.75（R²=0.955 26）,回收率范围98%~115%,TOC测定结果的精密度高、可靠、准确,在一定条件下,可使用TOC来间接换算COD_Cr.     

Landfill leachate treatment using the sequencing batch biofilm reactor method integrated with the electro-Fenton process

A study was conducted on the treatment of landfill leachate by combining the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) method with the electro-Fenton method. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), and ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N) from the leachate by the SBBR method was investigated. For the electro-Fenton experiment, the changes in COD and total organic carbon (TOC) with the increase in H₂O₂ dosage and electrolysis time under optimal conditions were also analysed. The results showed that the average efficiencies of reduction of COD, BOD₅, and NH ₄ ⁺ -N achieved using the SBBR method were 21.6 %, 54.7 %, and 56.1 %, respectively. The bio-effluent was degraded by the subsequent electro-Fenton process, which was rapid over the first 30 min then subsequently slowed. After 60 min of the electro-Fenton treatment, the efficiencies of reduction of TOC, COD, and BOD₅ were 40.5 %, 71.6 %, and 61.0 %, respectively. There is a good correlation between the absorbance of leachate at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) and COD or TOC during the electro-Fenton treatment.