On certain character sums over

Let be the finite field with elements and let denote the ring of polynomials in one variable with coefficients in . Let be a monic polynomial irreducible in . We obtain a bound for the least degree of a monic polynomial irreducible in ( odd) which is a quadratic non-residue modulo . We also find a bound for the least degree of a monic polynomial irreducible in which is a primitive root modulo .

     

Zero divisors and

Let be a discrete group, the group ring of over and the Lebesgue space of with respect to Haar measure. It is known that if is torsion free elementary amenable, and , then . We will give a sufficient condition for this to be true when , and in the case we will give sufficient conditions for this to be false when .

     

Stability of the surjectivity of endomorphisms and isometries of

We determine the largest positive number with the property that whenever are endomorphisms, respectively unital isometries of the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on a separable Hilbert space, holds for every nonzero and is surjective, then so is . It turns out that in the first case we have , while in the second one .

     

A classification of all is a Prüfer domain

Let be an integral domain with quotient field . The ring of integer-valued polynomials over is defined by . It is known that if is a Prüfer domain, then is an almost Dedekind domain with all residue fields finite. This condition is necessary and sufficient if is Noetherian, but has been shown to not be sufficient if is not Noetherian. Several authors have come close to a complete characterization by imposing bounds on orders of residue fields of and on normalized values of particular elements of . In this note we give a double-boundedness condition which provides a complete charaterization of all integral domains such that is a Prüfer domain.

     

Examples of chain domains

Let be a nonzero ordinal such that for every ordinal . A chain domain (i.e. a domain with linearly ordered lattices of left ideals and right ideals) is constructed such that is isomorphic with all its nonzero factor-rings and is the ordinal type of the set of proper ideals of . The construction provides answers to some open questions.

     

Subaveraging estimate for

Let be a smooth real hypersurface of and a compact submanifold of . We generalize a result of A. Boggess and R. Dwilewicz giving, under some geometric conditions on and , an estimate of the submeanvalue on of any function on a neighbourhood of , by the norm of on a neighbourhood of in .

     

Pseudo-uniform convergence, a nonstandard treatment

We introduce and study the notion of pseudo-uniform convergence which is a weaker variant of quasi-uniform convergence. Applications include the following nonstandard characterization of weak convergence. Let be an infinite set, the Banach space of all bounded real-valued functions on a bounded sequence in and Then the sequence converges weakly to if and only if the convergence is pointwise on and, for each strictly increasing function , each , and each , there is an unlimited such that .

     

A counterexample to a -analogue of the chromatic splitting conjecture

We prove that, if , the -localization of the -localization map is not a split monomorphism in the stable category by exhibiting spectra for which the map is not injective. If and , we show that may be taken to be a two-cell complex in the sense of -local homotopy theory. The question of whether the map splits was asked by Hovey and is in some sense a -analogue of Hopkins' chromatic splitting conjecture.

     

Products of similar matrices

Let and be matrices of determinant over a field , with or . We show that if is not a scalar matrix, then is a product of matrices similar to . Analogously, we conjecture that if and are elements of a semisimple algebraic group over a field of characteristic zero, and if there is no normal subgroup of containing but not , then is a product of conjugates of . The conjecture is verified for orthogonal groups and symplectic groups, and for all semisimple groups over local fields. Thus, in a connected, semisimple Lie group with finite center, the only conjugation-invariant subsemigroups are the normal subgroups.

     

Automorphic-differential identities and actions of pointed coalgebras on rings

In this paper, we prove the following two results which generalize the theorem concerning automorphic-differential endomorphisms asserted by J. Bergen. Let be a ring, its left Martindale quotient ring and a right ideal of having no nonzero left annihilator. (1) Let be a pointed coalgebra which measures such that the group-like elements of act as automorphisms of . If is prime and for , then . Furthermore, if the action of extends to and if such that , then . (2) Let be an endomorphism of given as a sum of composition maps of left multiplications, right multiplications, automorphisms and skew-derivations. If is semiprime and , then .

     

The 6-property for simplicial complexes and a combinatorial Cartan-Hadamard theorem for manifolds

The 6-property for 2-dimensional simplicial complexes is the condition that every nontrivial circuit in the link of a vertex has length greater than or equal to six. If a compact -manifold has a 2-dimensional spine with the 6-property, then we show that the interior of is covered by euclidean -space. In dimension , we show further that such a 3-manifold is Haken.

     

Uniqueness for an overdetermined boundary value problem for the p-Laplacian

For set , and let be a measure with compact support. Suppose, for , there are functions and (bounded) domains , both containing the support of with the property that in (weakly) and in the complement of . If in addition is convex, then and .

     

Some results on finite Drinfeld modules

Let be a global function field, a degree one prime divisor of and let be the Dedekind domain of functions in regular outside . Let be the Hilbert class field of , the integral closure of in . Let be a rank one normalized Drinfeld -module and let be a prime ideal in . We explicitly determine the finite -module structure of . In particular, if , is an odd prime number and is the Carlitz -module, then the finite -module is always cyclic.

     

Fusion in the character table

Suppose that is a Sylow -subgroup of a finite -solvable group . If , then the number of -conjugates of in can be read off from the character table of .

     

A generalization of Lyapunov's convexity theorem with applications in optimal stopping

Lyapunov proved that the range of finite measures defined on the same -algebra is compact, and if each measure also is atomless, then the range is convex. Although both conclusions may fail for measures on different -algebras of the same set, they do hold if the -algebras are nested, which is exactly the setting of classical optimal stopping theory.

     

On the Deleted Product Criterion For Embeddability in

For a space let . Let act on and on by exchanging factors and antipodes respectively. We present a new short proof of the following theorem by Weber: For an -polyhedron and , if there exists an equivariant map , then is embeddable in . We also prove this theorem for a peanian continuum and . We prove that the theorem is not true for the 3-adic solenoid and .

     

Vector bundles on log terminal varieties

Let be an -dimensional variety and an ample vector bundle on of rank . We give a complete classification of pairs , with log terminal and such that is not ample. The results we obtain were conjectured by Fujita, and recently by Zhang.

     

A remark on normal derivations

Given a Hilbert space , let be operators on . Anderson has proved that if is normal and , then for all operators . Using this inequality, Du Hong-Ke has recently shown that if (instead) , then for all operators . In this note we improve the Du Hong-Ke inequality to for all operators . Indeed, we prove the equivalence of Du Hong-Ke and Anderson inequalities, and show that the Du Hong-Ke inequality holds for unitarily invariant norms.

     

Enveloping algebras of lie color algebras: primeness versus graded-primeness

Let be a finite abelian group and let be a, possibly restricted, -graded Lie color algebra. Then the enveloping algebra is also -graded, and we consider the question of whether being graded-prime implies that it is prime. The first section of this paper is devoted to the special case of Lie superalgebras over a field of characteristic . Specifically, we show that if and if has a unique minimal graded-prime ideal, then this ideal is necessarily prime. As will be apparent, the latter result follows quickly from the existence of an anti-automorphism of whose square is the automorphism of the enveloping algebra associated with its -grading. The second section, which is independent of the first, studies more general Lie color algebras and shows that if is graded-prime and if most homogeneous components of are infinite dimensional over , then is prime. Here we use -methods to study the grading on the extended centroid of . In particular, if is generated by the infinite support of , then we prove that is homogeneous.

     

Probability measures in -algebras in Hilbert spaces with conjugation

Let be a real -algebra of -real bounded operators containing no central summand of type in a complex Hilbert space with conjugation . Denote by the quantum logic of all -orthogonal projections in the von Neumann algebra . Let be a probability measure. It is shown that contains a finite central summand and there exists a normal finite trace on such that , .