Consequences of contractible geodesics on surfaces

The geodesic flow of any Riemannian metric on a geodesically convex surface of negative Euler characteristic is shown to be semi-equivalent to that of any hyperbolic metric on a homeomorphic surface for which the boundary (if any) is geodesic. This has interesting corollaries. For example, it implies chaotic dynamics for geodesic flows on a torus with a simple contractible closed geodesic, and for geodesic flows on a sphere with three simple closed geodesics bounding disjoint discs.

     

Randers metrics on CP2

The complex projective space CP² is a classical example of Einstein metric in Riemannian geometry. Moreover, beside this property, it has other interesting geometrical properties: it is a symmetric space, and a C manifold. We would like to know whether there is an Einstein metric of Randers type on CP² with similar properties. Based on some the generalization of Zermelo navigation problem for Finsler manifolds we construct such Randers metric on CP² and study some of its geometrical properties.     

Moser iteration for (quasi)minimizers on metric spaces

We study regularity properties of quasiminimizers of the p-Dirichlet integral on metric measure spaces. We adapt the Moser iteration technique to this setting and show that it can be applied without an underlying differential equation. However, we have been able to run the Moser iteration fully only for minimizers. We prove Caccioppoli inequalities and local boundedness properties for quasisub- and quasisuperminimizers. This is done in metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a weak (1, p)-Poincaré inequality. The metric space is not required to be complete. We also provide an example which shows that the dilation constant from the weak Poincaré inequality is essential in the condition on the balls in the Harnack inequality. This fact seems to have been overlooked in the earlier literature on nonlinear potential theory on metric spaces.     

Strongly convex weakly complex Berwald metrics and real Landsberg metrics

Under the assumption that' is a strongly convex weakly Khler Finsler metric on a complex manifold M, we prove that F is a weakly complex Berwald metric if and only if F is a real Landsberg metric.This result together with Zhong(2011) implies that among the strongly convex weakly Kahler Finsler metrics there does not exist unicorn metric in the sense of Bao(2007). We also give an explicit example of strongly convex Kahler Finsler metric which is simultaneously a complex Berwald metric, a complex Landsberg metric,a real Berwald metric, and a real Landsberg metric.     

Convergence in distribution of random metric measure spaces (Λ-coalescent measure trees)

We consider the space of complete and separable metric spaces which are equipped with a probability measure. A notion of convergence is given based on the philosophy that a sequence of metric measure spaces converges if and only if all finite subspaces sampled from these spaces converge. This topology is metrized following Gromov’s idea of embedding two metric spaces isometrically into a common metric space combined with the Prohorov metric between probability measures on a fixed metric space. We show that for this topology convergence in distribution follows—provided the sequence is tight—from convergence of all randomly sampled finite subspaces. We give a characterization of tightness based on quantities which are reasonably easy to calculate. Subspaces of particular interest are the space of real trees and of ultra-metric spaces equipped with a probability measure. As an example we characterize convergence in distribution for the (ultra-)metric measure spaces given by the random genealogies of the Λ-coalescents. We show that the Λ-coalescent defines an infinite (random) metric measure space if and only if the so-called “dust-free”-property holds.     

基于泛性模糊数的VIKOR方法研究

建立了一种泛性模糊数可比较的度量,对决策信息通常为泛性模糊数的决策问题进行加工和扩展,提出了基于泛性模糊数不确定信息的VIKOR决策方法,实现了属性为泛性模糊数的多属性群决策及信息融合的目的.     

Enhanced negative type for finite metric trees

A finite metric tree is a finite connected graph that has no cycles, endowed with an edge weighted path metric. Finite metric trees are known to have strict 1-negative type. In this paper we introduce a new family of inequalities (1) that encode the best possible quantification of the strictness of the non-trivial 1-negative type inequalities for finite metric trees. These inequalities are sufficiently strong to imply that any given finite metric tree (T,d) must have strict p-negative type for all p in an open interval (1−ζ,1+ζ), where ζ>0 may be chosen so as to depend only upon the unordered distribution of edge weights that determine the path metric d on T. In particular, if the edges of the tree are not weighted, then it follows that ζ depends only upon the number of vertices in the tree.We also give an example of an infinite metric tree that has strict 1-negative type but does not have p-negative type for any p>1. This shows that the maximal p-negative type of a metric space can be strict.     

Partially hyperbolic geodesic flows

We construct a category of examples of partially hyperbolic geodesic flows which are not Anosov, deforming the metric of a compact locally symmetric space of nonconstant negative curvature. Candidates for such an example as the product metric and locally symmetric spaces of nonpositive curvature with rank bigger than one are not partially hyperbolic. We prove that if a metric of nonpositive curvature has a partially hyperbolic geodesic flow, then its rank is one. Other obstructions to partial hyperbolicity of a geodesic flow are also analyzed.     

On Generalized Algebraic Cone Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theorems

In this paper, the author first introduces the concept of generalized algebraic cone metric spaces and some elementary results concerning generalized algebraic cone metric spaces. Next, by using these results, some new fixed point theorems on generalized (complete) algebraic cone metric spaces are proved and an example is given. As a consequence, the main results generalize the corresponding results in complete algebraic cone metric spaces and generalized complete metric spaces.     

梯度度量空间中的Banach压缩映像原理

利用梯度数引入梯度度量空间的概念,证明了一个梯度赋范线性空间可以诱导一个梯度度量空间.在完备的梯度度量空间框架下,给出了相应的Banach压缩映像原理,并且用实例说明了其合理性.     

On completion of fuzzy metric spaces

Completions of fuzzy metric spaces (in the sense of George and Veeramani) are discussed. A complete fuzzy metric space Y is said to be a˜fuzzy metric completion of a˜given fuzzy metric space X if X is isometric to a˜dense subspace of Y. We present an example of a˜fuzzy metric space that does not admit any fuzzy metric completion. However, we prove that every standard fuzzy metric space has an (up to isometry) unique fuzzy metric completion. We also show that for each fuzzy metric space there is an (up to uniform isomorphism) unique complete fuzzy metric space that contains a˜dense subspace uniformly isomorphic to it.     

Completions of partial metrics into value lattices

In this paper we investigate some notions of completion of partial metric spaces, including the bicompletion, the Smyth completion, and a new “spherical completion”. Given an auxiliary relation, we show that it arises from a totally bounded partial metric space, and the spherical completion of such a space is its round ideal completion. We also give an example of a totally bounded partial metric space whose bicompletion and Smyth completion are not continuous posets. Finally, we present an example of a totally bounded partial metric giving rise to the Scott and lower topologies of a continuous poset, but whose spherical completion is not a continuous poset.     

A fixed point result in Menger spaces using a real function

The main result of this paper is a fixed point theorem of self-mappings in Menger spaces which satisfy certain inequality. This inequality involves a class of real functions which we call Φ-functions. As a corollary we obtain a result in the corresponding metric spaces. The result is supported by an example. The class of real functions we have used is the conceptual extension of altering distance functions used in metric fixed point theory.      

Higher index theory for certain expanders and Gromov monster groups,II

In this paper, the second of a series of two, we continue the study of higher index theory for expanders. We prove that if a sequence of graphs has girth tending to infinity, then the maximal coarse Baum–Connes assembly map is an isomorphism for the associated metric space X. As discussed in the first paper in this series, this has applications to the Baum–Connes conjecture for ‘Gromov monster’ groups.We also introduce a new property, ‘geometric property (T)’. For the metric space associated to a sequence of graphs, this property is an obstruction to the maximal coarse assembly map being an isomorphism. This enables us to distinguish between expanders with girth tending to infinity, and, for example, those constructed from property (T) groups.     

On transfinite extension of asymptotic dimension

We prove that a transfinite extension of the asymptotic dimension asind is trivial. We introduce a transfinite extension of the asymptotic dimension asdim and give an example of a metric proper space which has transfinite infinite dimension.     

Between compactness and completeness

Call a sequence in a metric space cofinally Cauchy if for each positive ε there exists a cofinal (rather than residual) set of indices whose corresponding terms are ε-close. We give a number of new characterizations of metric spaces for which each cofinally Cauchy sequence has a cluster point. For example, a space has such a metric if and only each continuous function defined on it is uniformly locally bounded. A number of results exploit a measure of local compactness functional that we introduce. We conclude with a short proof of Romaguera's Theorem: a metrizable space admits such a metric if and only if its set of points having a compact neighborhood has compact complement.     

Ptolemy circles and Ptolemy segments

In this paper we characterize Ptolemy circles and Ptolemy segments up to isometry. Moreover, we present an example of a metric sphere, which is Möbius equivalent but not homothetic to the standard metric sphere with its chordal metric.     

Exchangeable processes need not be mixtures of independent,identically distributed random variables

Summary According to a theorem of de Finetti's, an exchangeable stochastic process with values in a compact metric space can be represented as a mixture of sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables. This paper demonstrates the existence of a separable metric space for which the conclusion fails. In the opposite direction, an example is given of a nonstandard space for which the representation necessarily holds.Modifications of the argument lead to examples of exchangeable stochastic processes and stationary Markov processes which take values in a separable metric space but do not satisfy the conclusions of the Kolmogorov consistency theorem.Research partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCS 77-01665     

Graev metric groups and Polishable subgroups

We prove a conjecture of Hjorth: There is an uncountable Polish group all of whose abelian subgroups are discrete. We first construct directly a witness to Hjorth's conjecture. Then we consider an existing example in the literature. The example is the metric completion of a free topological group constructed by Graev. We give a definition slightly more general than Graev's and prove some properties of the Graev metrics which seem to be unknown previously. We also consider the problem of finding Polishable subgroups of the Graev metric groups with arbitrarily high Borel rank. In doing this we prove some general theorems on extensions of Polish groups with this property.