Alpha decay of 109I and its implications for the proton decay of 105Sb and the astrophysical rapid proton-capture process

An alpha-decay branch of (1.4+/-0.4) x 10(-4) has been discovered in the decay of 109I, which predominantly decays via proton emission. The measured Q(alpha) value of 3918+/-21 keV allows the indirect determination of the Q value for proton emission from 105Sb of 356+/-22 keV, which is approximately of 130 keV more bound than previously reported. This result is relevant for the astrophysical rapid proton-capture process, which would terminate in the 105Sn(p,gamma)106Sb(p,gamma)107Te(alpha decay)103Sn cycle at the densities expected in explosive hydrogen burning scenarios, unless unusually strong pairing effects result in a 103Sn(p,gamma)104Sb(p,gamma)105Te(alpha decay)101Sn) cycle.     

Identification of the 109Xe and 105Te α-decay chain

The α-decay chain ¹⁰⁹Xe → ¹⁰⁵Te → ¹⁰¹Sn was identified at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Advances in digital electronics have made possible the identification of both alpha emitters in the same experiment despite the disparate half-lives of 13 ±2 ms and 620 ±70 ns for ¹⁰⁹Xe and ¹⁰⁵Te, respectively. Two α-decay transitions were observed from ¹⁰⁹Xe with Q_α values of 4067 ±10 and 4217 ±8 keV. One transition between the ground states of ¹⁰⁵Te and ¹⁰¹Sn was observed with a Q_α value of 4889 ±6 keV. Using the measured half-lives, branching ratios, and Q_α values the reduced α-decay widths, δ², were determined. Comparison of the δ² value for ¹⁰⁵Te with ²¹³Po indicates a “superallowed" character in the α emission of ¹⁰⁵Te.     

Elastic alpha-12C scattering and the 12C(alpha,gamma)16O E2 S factor

Angular distributions of 12C(alpha,alpha)12C have been measured for E(alpha) = 2.6-8.2 MeV, at angles from 24 to 166, yielding 12 864 data points. R-matrix analysis of the ratios of elastic scattering yields a reduced width amplitude of gamma12 = 0.47 +/- 0.06 MeV(1/2) for the Ex = 6.917 MeV (2+) state in 16O(a = 5.5 fm). The dependence of the chi2 surface on the interaction radius a has been investigated and a deep minimum is found at a = 5.42(+0.16)(-0.27) fm. Using this value of gamma12, radiative alpha capture and 16N beta-delayed alpha-decay data, the S factor is calculated at E(c.m.) = 300 keV to be S(E2)(300) = 53(+13)(-18) keV b for destructive interference between the subthreshold resonance tail and the ground state E2 direct capture.     

Orbital dependent nucleonic pairing in the lightest known isotopes of tin

By studying the (109)Xe→(105)Te→(101)Sn superallowed α-decay chain, we observe low-lying states in (101)Sn, the one-neutron system outside doubly magic (100)Sn. We find that the spins of the ground state (J=7/2) and first excited state (J=5/2) in (101)Sn are reversed with respect to the traditional level ordering postulated for (103)Sn and the heavier tin isotopes. Through simple arguments and state-of-the-art shell-model calculations we explain this unexpected switch in terms of a transition from the single-particle regime to the collective mode in which orbital-dependent pairing correlations dominate.     

Super-allowed α decay above doubly-magic <Superscript>100</Superscript>Sn and properties of <Superscript>104</Superscript>Te = <Superscript>100</Superscript>Sn ⊗ α

α-decay half-lives for ^{104, 105, 106}Te and ^{108, 109, 110}Xe close above the doubly-magic ¹⁰⁰Sn are calculated from systematic double-folding potentials. The derived α preformation factors are compared to results for ^{212, 213, 214}Po and ^{216, 217, 218}Rn above the doubly-magic ²⁰⁸Pb. α-decay energies of Q _α = 5.42±0.07MeV and 4.65±0.15MeV are predicted for ¹⁰⁴Te and ¹⁰⁸Xe; the corresponding half-lives are T _1/2 ≈ 5ns for ¹⁰⁴Te and of the order of 60μs for ¹⁰⁸Xe. Additionally, the properties of rotational bands in ¹⁰⁴Te are analyzed, and the first excited 2⁺ state in ¹⁰⁴Te is predicted at E _x = 650±40keV; it decays preferentially by γ emission with a reduced transition strength of 10 Weisskopf units to the ground state of ¹⁰⁴Te and with a minor branch by α emission to the ground state of ¹⁰⁰Sn.     

Beta-delayed proton emission from heavy nuclei: (I). The observation of coincidences between protons and γ-rays

Coincidences have been detected between γ-rays and β-delayed protons emitted after the decay of very neutron-deficient nuclei. In the three cases studied the decay proceeds to the ground state with branches to the first excited (2⁺) state of the even daughter nucleus of (58±7) % (¹¹⁵Xe to 709 keV in ¹¹⁴Te), (14±3) % (¹¹⁷Xe to 679 keV in ¹¹⁶Te), and (50±10) % (¹⁸¹Hg to 158 keV in ¹⁸⁰Pt). Upper limits of 2 and 6 % can be placed on the branches to the 4⁺ states of ¹¹⁴Te and ¹⁸⁰Pt. For the cases of ^115,117Xe, coincidences with annihilation radiation were also observed; the measured positon/proton ratio determines the difference Q—B_p, between the energy available for electron capture and the proton separation energy for the daughter. For ¹¹⁵Xe the result is 6.20±0.13 MeV, for ¹¹⁷Xe 4.10±0.20 MeV.     

Enhanced sensitivity to the time variation of the fine-structure constant and m{p}/m{e} in diatomic molecules

Sensitivity to temporal variation of the fundamental constants may be strongly enhanced in transitions between narrow close levels of different nature. This enhancement may be realized in a large number of molecules due to cancellation between the ground state fine-structure omega{f} and vibrational interval omega{v} [omega=omega{f}-nomega{v} approximately 0, delta omega/omega=K(2delta alpha/alpha+0.5 delta mu/mu), K>1, mu=m{p}/m{e}]. The intervals between the levels are conveniently located in microwave frequency range and the level widths are very small. Required accuracy of the shift measurements is about 0.01-1 Hz. As examples, we consider molecules Cl(+)(2), CuS, IrC, SiBr, and HfF(+).     

Absolute branching fraction measurements for D+ and D0 inclusive semileptonic decays

We present measurements of the inclusive branching fractions for the decays D+-->Xe+ nu(e) and D0-->Xe+ nu(e), using 281 pb(-1) of data collected on the psi(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector. We find B(D0-->Xe+ nu(e)) = (6.46+/-0.17+/-0.13)% and B(D+-->Xe+ nu(e)) = (16.13+/-0.20+/-0.33)%. Using the known D meson lifetimes, we obtain the ratio Gamma(D+)sl/Gamma(D0)sl = 0.985+/-0.028+/-0.015, confirming isospin invariance at the level of 3%. The positron momentum spectra from D+ and D0 have consistent shapes.     

Investigations into the alpha-decay of <Superscript>195</Superscript>At

The low-energy nuclear structure and decay properties of the neutron-deficient isotopes ¹⁹⁵At and ¹⁹¹Bi have been studied. ¹⁹⁵At was produced in the reaction ¹⁴²Nd(⁵⁶Fe,p2n)¹⁹⁵At and ¹⁹¹Bi as the daughter activity of ¹⁹⁵At. The activities were implanted in a position-sensitive silicon detector after being separated from the primary beam by a gas-filled recoil separator. The 1/2⁺ intruder state was determined to be the ground state in ¹⁹⁵At with an alpha-decay energy of E _α = 6953(3) keV and a half-life T _1/2 = 328(20) ms. Another state with an alpha-decay energy E _α = 7075(4) keV and a half-life T _1/2 = 147(5) ms was found to decay to a 148.7(5) keV excited state in ¹⁹¹Bi for which a spin and parity of 7/2^- were deduced. Consequently, the same 7/2^- character was assigned to the initial state at 32(7) keV in ¹⁹⁵At on the basis of unhindered alpha-decay. The 9/2^- state, being the ground state in heavier odd-mass astatine isotopes, was not observed. Received: 16 September 2002 / Accepted: 19 December 2002 / Published online: 25 March 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: heikki.kettunen@phys.jyu.fi RID="b" ID="b"Present address: Laboratory of Radiochemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. RID="c" ID="c"Present address: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland. Communicated by W. Henning     

Energy splitting of the ground-state doublet in the nucleus 229Th

The energy splitting of the 229Th ground-state doublet is measured to be 7.6+/-0.5 eV, significantly greater than earlier measurements. Gamma rays produced following the alpha decay of 233U (105 muCi) were counted in the NASA/electron beam ion trap x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer with an experimental energy resolution of 26 eV (FWHM). A difference technique was applied to the gamma-ray decay of the 71.82 keV level that populates both members of the doublet. A positive correction amounting to 0.6 eV was made for the unobserved interband decay of the 29.19 keV state (29.19-->0 keV).     

Gyromagnetic ratios of collective states of166Er

The static hyperfine field ofB _hf ^4.2k (ErHo) = 739(18)T of a ferromagnetic holmium single crystal polarized in an external magnetic field of ± 0.48T at ～4.2K was used for integral perturbed γ-γ angular correlation (IPAQ measurements of the g-factors of collective states of¹⁶⁶Er. The 1,200y ^166m Ho activity was used which populates the ground state band and the γ vibrational band up to high spins. The results: $$\begin{gathered} g(4_g^ + ) = + 0.315(16) \hfill \\ g(6_g^ + ) = + 0.258(11) \hfill \\ g(8_g^ + ) = + 0.262(47)and \hfill \\ g(6_\gamma ^ + ) = + 0.254(32) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ exhibit a significant reduction of the g-factors with increasing rotational angular momentum. The followingE2/M1 mixing ratios of interband transitions were derived from the angular correlation coefficients: $$\begin{gathered} 5_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 4_g^ + :\delta (810keV) = - (36_{ - 7}^{ + 11} ) \hfill \\ 7_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 6_g^ + :\delta (831keV) = - (18_{ - 2}^{ + 3} )and \hfill \\ 7_\gamma ^ + \Rightarrow 8_g^ + :\delta (465keV) = - (63_{ - 12}^{ + 19} ). \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The results are discussed and compared with theoretical predictions.     

Der Zerfall des122Xe (T 1/2=20,l h) und des122J (T 1/2=3,6min)

Theγ spectra emitted in the decay of¹²²Xe and¹²²I have been investigated using Ge(Li) detectors and a Ge(Li)-NaI coincidence apparatus. 14γ transitions with energies between 61.8 and 416.9 keV have been identified in the decay of¹²²Xe, 44 transitions between 564.0 and 3,291.0 keV in the decay of¹²²I. Level schemes having 7 excited levels for¹²²I and 21 excited levels for¹²²Te are proposed.     

High-spin states in109Sn and their decay to the ground state

An extended level scheme of¹⁰⁹Sn is presented showing high-spin states up to E_x≈ 8 MeV and spins up toJπ=(41/2+). Their decay to the 5/2+ ground state has been observed identifying a 12.8 keV 7/2⁺ → 5/2⁺ transition. A half-life of T_1/2=7(1) ns has been measured for the 17/2⁺ state atE _x =2114 keV. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of shell-model calculations.     

Location of the181Os isomeric state

The decay of¹⁸¹Ir has been studied on-line with mass-separated sources from the ISOCELE facility. The level scheme of¹⁸¹ Os has been established. The isomeric state has been located at 48.9 keV above the ground state. Thus the isomeric and ground states are identified as the 7/2?(T1/2 =2.7 m) and 1/2?(T1/2=105 m) levels respectively.     

Hypernuclear fine structure in (9)(lambda)Be

With a germanium detector array (Hyperball), we observed two gamma-ray peaks corresponding to the two transitions (5/2(+)-->1/2(+) and 3/2(+)-->1/2(+)) in the (9)(Lambda)Be hypernucleus which was produced by the 9Be(K-,pi(-)) reaction. The energies of the gamma rays are 3029 +/- 2 +/- 1 keV and 3060 +/- 2 +/- 1 keV. The energy difference was measured to be 31.4(+2.5)(-3.6) keV, which indicates a very small Lambda-spin-dependent spin-orbit force between a Lambda and a nucleon. This is the smallest level splitting by far ever measured in a hypernucleus.     

Cs(8S)态的碰撞转移和高位原子态的激发

在Cs蒸气中,二步激发Cs原子至8S态,研究了其碰撞转移和高位原子态的产生过程.在1016～1017 cm-3密度范围内,测量了碰撞激发转移8S 6S→6D 6S的速率系数.由测得的荧光强度随密度的变化关系,得到k6D=(2.4±0.5)×10-10 cm3·s-1.同时研究了碰撞能量合并过程5D 5D→nL 6S(nL=9D,11S,7F),5D态是由8S→7P→5D的辐射跃迁产生的.由以前测量过的6P 5D 6S 7D的转移速率系数以及6P态的原子密度,结合荧光强度比得到碰撞能量合并过程的速率系数,对于9D,11S和7F各态,其平均值分别为(6.4±3.2)×10-10,(1.0±0.5)×10-10和(8.4±4.2)×10-10 cm3·s-1.     

~(39)K_2分子C~1Ⅱ_u-X~1∑_9~+(J′=105)Q支激光诱导荧光光谱及电偶极跃迁矩变化率研究

用4415.6(?)CW激光线获得了~(39)K_2分子C~1II_u(v′=0,J′=105)-X~1∑_g~+(v″=1～10,J″=105)Q支激光诱导荧光(LIF)光谱.用最小二乘法拟合出了~(39)K_2分子X~1∑_g~+态振动常数和C~1II_u态电子谱项值T_e.光谱分析表明C~1II_u态T_e=22968cm~(-1)是合适的.用~(39)K_2分子Morse势计算了(V′=0,J′=105)-(v″=1～10,J″=105)跃迁的Franck-Condon因子和跃迁强度,强度计算值和激光诱导荧光光谱测量值之间有令人满意的符合,进一步的r重心近似分析给出了~(39)K_2分子C~1II_u→X~1∑_g~+电偶极跃迁矩R_(?)随核间距r的归一化变化率为-0.157～-0.168 debye/(?)(4.22(?)相似文献   

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of GdAl3(BO3)4 Poly-crystals Codoped with Yb3+ and Eu3+

GdAl3(BO3)4 polycrystals co-doped with Yb3+ and Eu3+ has been synthesised by combustion method with urea. Upon the excitation at 465 nm (Eu3+/7F6-->5D2 transition), emission bands centered at 590, 613, 697 and 702 nm in the wavelength region of 550-750 nm have clearly been observed, assigned to the electronic transitions of 5D0-->7FJ (J=1, 2, 4 and 5) of Eu3+ ions, respectively. Meanwhile, an intense emission centred at 980 nm along with a shoulder at 1,040 nm has also been observed by exploiting a cross-relaxation process between the transitions of Eu3+/5D0-->7F6 and Yb3+/2F7/2-->2F5/2. On the contrary, an intense red up-conversion emission centred at 613 nm originated from the 5D0-->7F2 transition of Eu3+ has been observed upon excitation with 980 nm laser diode. The quadratic dependence of the red up-conversion intensity on the pump-laser power reveals a cooperative energy transfer mechanism from a pair of Yb3+ ions to one Eu3+ ion.     

Der Zerfall des125m Xe,des127m Xe und des127g Xe

The decay of^125m Xe produced by the reaction¹²²Te(α, n)^125m Xe using a target enriched in¹²²Te (95.4%) and the decay of^127m Xe produced by the reaction¹²⁷J(d, 2n)^127m Xe have been investigated: ^125m Xe decays with a half-life ofT _1/2=(56±3) sec by ayy- cascade withE _γ1=(140.4 ±0.5) keV andE _γ2=(110.5 ±0.5) keV. The experimental conversion coefficients yield multipolarities ofE3 for the 140.4 keV isomeric transition and predominantlyM1 for the 110.5 keV-transition. ^127m Xe decays with a half-life ofT _1/2=(71±2) sec. The decay also proceeds by aγγ-cascade with an isomeric E3 transition ofE _γ1=(172.5±0.3) keV and a predominantlyM1 transition ofE _γ2=(124.6±0.3) keV. In the decay of^127g Xe an additional branching of the electron capture to a level at (618.1±0.3) keV was observed. The relative probability forK-captureP _K618/P_K375=0.40 ±0.07 yields a total transition energyQ _EC=(664 ±4)keV. A spin of 1/2⁺ was assigned to the ground state.     

相对论平均场模型对奇-偶超重核基态性质的系统研究

在形变的相对论平均场模型下,采用NL-Z2,TMA两套参数对质子数为103—109的奇–偶核基态性质进行了系统的计算,并将理论计算的结合能、α衰变能与已知的实验数据进行对比,发现两者符合得很好,肯定了相对论平均场模型对超重核研究的可靠性,同时对未知核素基态性质的计算结果可供未来的超重核理论和实验研究参考.