耐磨环氧胶粘涂层冲蚀磨损特性的研究

本文对气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀条件下耐磨环氧胶粘涂层的磨损特性进行了研究。结果表明,这种涂层的冲蚀磨损是由粘结剂的磨损和抗磨填料的磨损所组成;填料粒度和磨料粒度都对涂层的气固冲蚀磨损有影响,但在给定的试验条件下,填料粒度对涂层的浆体冲蚀磨损影响甚微。文章指出,耐磨环氧胶粘涂层在气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀下的磨损机理相似,但磨损规律却有所不同;耐磨环氧胶粘涂层尤其适用于浆体冲蚀的场合,可以明显地提高机械过流部件的使用寿命。     

弹性材料三维问题的损伤理论

1.前言Kachanov于1958年在蠕变研究中,第一次引入了连续性因子和有效应力的概念,用来处理分析有缺陷的材料。在以后的几十年中Lemaitre、Hayhurst、Leckie等学者将这种概念引入了连续介质力学,在文[2]、[3]中又提出了弹性材料和塑性材料的三维各向异性损伤理论,但其出发点还是缺乏足够的依据,且存在一些缺陷.本文则是依据文[1]中提出的理论建立了弹性材料三维问题的损伤理论。2.弹性力学的规范空间理论     

风沙环境下钢结构涂层低角度冲蚀特性研究

针对风沙环境中钢结构涂层长期受冲蚀,涂层破坏直接降低钢结构体系耐久性的现状,采用能模拟风沙环境的气流挟沙喷射法对钢结构涂层试件进行了低角度冲蚀试验,用失重测量法测定涂层冲蚀失重量与沙剂量和冲击速度关系,进而评定冲蚀程度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观测分析涂层冲蚀区的微观形貌来分析冲蚀机理,并提出了涂层冲蚀程度评价计算公式.结果表明:涂层冲蚀失重量随沙剂量和冲击速度的增大而增加;低角度冲蚀主要为微切削作用,材料硬度起决定因素,高角度冲蚀主要为冲蚀挤压变形作用,材料韧性起决定作用,由于涂层材料硬度低而韧性高,故在低冲角下其受冲蚀程度严重;验证了评价计算公式用于评价涂层冲蚀程度的可靠性.研究结果将为准确评价风沙区钢结构体系耐久性提供依据.     

聚脲涂层的冲蚀磨损机理研究

采用高速含沙水射流冲蚀磨损试验机测试了聚脲涂层的冲蚀磨损性能,试验结果表明所制备聚脲涂层具有优异的耐冲蚀性能.根据Bitter的塑性材料冲蚀模型,应用Matlab程序进行拟合计算,探讨聚脲涂层在不同冲蚀角度和速度下的冲蚀规律,研究表明聚脲涂层在冲蚀角度30°时切削磨损量最大,而接近90°时变形磨损量最大.     

氯化橡胶涂层冲蚀磨损行为的研究

针对含有海砂的海水环境,研究了氯化橡胶涂层在不同冲击角度、不同海砂浓度的环境中的冲蚀磨损行为及机理.结果表明:在含砂的海水环境中,氯化橡胶涂层的最大冲蚀磨损量发生在冲蚀角度为67.5°,最小冲蚀磨损量发生在冲蚀角度为22.5°;在不同冲蚀角度下,冲蚀磨损量均随着海砂浓度的增加而增加;低角度冲蚀磨损时,涂层的破坏形式主要以切削和犁削为主,高角度下,涂层的破坏形式则以变形与凿击为主.     

菱形颗粒冲击材料表面冲蚀磨损特性分析

基于弹射试验装置,借助高速摄像机捕捉不同入射条件下单个菱形颗粒冲击金属表面的动态过程,同时结合试验过程建立菱形颗粒冲击金属表面的FEM-SPH耦合数值模型,通过对比试验现象与仿真结果优化数值模型参数,最后借助数值模型进一步分析菱形颗粒在临界冲击、自身初始旋转以及重复冲击等工况下的运动行为及预测的凹坑轮廓形态. 结果表明:优化后的模型能够很好地捕捉颗粒冲击过程中金属表面凹坑的产生及演化规律,并能详细记录颗粒的入射行为及反弹规律,测得颗粒反弹速度和反弹角度误差均在14%以内. 临界冲击工况下颗粒动能损失最大,且冲击角越高,残余动能越少;颗粒初始旋转能够改变其反弹后的运动行为及金属表面材料的失效方式;颗粒重复冲蚀对材料表面的作用机制与后续颗粒的入射条件有密切关系,模型成功捕捉到重复冲蚀导致的材料破坏加深和破坏减缓两种特殊现象.      

一种弹性损伤材料的Ⅲ型裂纹解

本文用复变函数中保角映射的方法求得了一种弹性损伤材料的 Ⅲ 型裂纹在小范围损伤条件下的全场解。给出了损伤区形状、损伤耗散能、裂纹表面剪开位移及损伤区前方应力分布等数值结果。为校核小范围损伤条件,还计算了距裂纹尖端不同远处本文解与k_Ⅲ 场之差。     

聚氨酯(脲)涂层冲蚀磨损性能研究

选用不同比例的低聚合物多元醇、多元胺、扩链剂、催化剂和异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯(脲)弹性涂料,采用喷涂技术在玻璃试片上制备聚氨酯(脲)涂层,用Taber摩擦磨损试验机和高速含沙水射冲蚀磨损试验机评价聚氨酯(脲)涂层的耐磨性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层的磨损表面形貌,分析涂层组分与其冲蚀磨损性能的关系.结果表明:聚氨酯(脲)涂层体系中主要成膜物质的组分对耐冲蚀磨损性能影响较大,随着活性氢组分中端胺基聚醚和胺类扩链剂含量增加,聚氨酯(脲)涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能提高;由于聚氨酯/聚脲混合体系和聚氨酯涂层中大量气孔的存在,从而导致涂层冲蚀磨损量增加;纯聚脲涂层具有比聚氨酯/聚脲混合体系涂层优越的磨损性能,不仅在干摩擦条件下,在高速含水砂流冲蚀条件下也体现出优异的抗冲蚀性能,而且对冲蚀角的敏感性有所改善.     

几种等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层之固体粒子冲蚀磨损的特性与数学模型

研究了几种等离子喷涂陶瓷（Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＴｉＯ＿２、Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３和ＺｒＯ＿２）涂层的固体粒子冲蚀磨损特性及其冲蚀磨损机理,同时根据冲蚀磨损表面形貌特征的扫描电子显微镜观察,并且从准静态压印断裂分析入手,提出了这类陶瓷涂层在固体粒子于较低速度和较小角度冲击下的冲蚀磨损数学模型（试验选用的粒子冲击速度有３０ｍ／ｓ和７０ｍ／ｓ的两种,冲击角度为３０°）．研究结果表明,固体粒子冲击压印断裂－层状剥落是这类陶瓷涂层的主要冲蚀磨损机理。根据所提出的模型得到涂层的体积冲蚀磨损率Ｅｖ与其硬度ＨＶ呈反比关系（即Ｅｖ∝ＨＶ－１）,这与试验结果相符;由该模型推导出涂层的Ｅｖ之速度指数ｎ＝２．１,这与试验结果基本相符。按照这种模型,对于固体粒子以较低速度和较小角度冲击的情况,高硬度的陶瓷涂层具有较高的冲蚀磨损抗力;通过改善陶瓷涂层的断裂韧性,可以有效地提高其在正向冲击时的冲蚀磨损抗力。     

风沙环境下钢结构表面涂层冲蚀行为与侵蚀机理研究

风沙环境的侵蚀和劣化作用严重影响着基础设施的安全耐久性.本文根据风沙环境特点,利用气流挟沙喷射法对钢结构涂层进行冲蚀试验,研究了涂层在风沙环境下的冲蚀磨损特性、冲蚀行为和侵蚀机理.结果表明:涂层磨损量随沙剂量和冲蚀速度的增加而增加;侵蚀机理为在低角度冲蚀下,涂层主要受微切削作用,而在高角度冲蚀下,主要受冲蚀挤压变形作用,由于涂层强度低而韧性较好,其在低角度冲蚀下的磨损更为严重.     

On the Material Symmetry of Elastic Rods

This paper presents a treatment of material symmetry for hyperelastic rods. The rod theory of interest is based on a Cosserat (or directed) curve with two director fields, and was developed in a series of works by Green, Naghdi and several of their co-workers. The treatment is based on Murdoch and Cohen's work on material symmetry of Cosserat surfaces. Two material symmetry groups are discussed: one pertains to the strain-energy function, while the other pertains to the response functions. The paper closes by showing how the treatment relates to the form-invariant approach used in Green and Naghdi's papers and a treatment proposed recently by Cohen. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Existence of Longitudinal Plane Waves in General Elastic Anisotropic Media

We give a new proof of Kolodner's result that longitudinal waves can propagate in at least three directions in a hyperelastic anisotropic medium. We give examples of an orthotropic hyperelastic tensor with exactly three such directions, of a monoclinic elastic (but not hyperelastic) tensor with only one, and of a monoclinic elastic (elliptic, but not uniformly elliptic) tensor with no direction for longitudinal waves. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

平头压痕试验确定热障涂层弹性模量的方法研究

本文模拟了典型热障涂层(TBC)结构在平头压痕作用下的力学响应,重点研究利用平头压痕法确定TBC涂层弹性模量的方法。研究发现k(单位压入应力下压头的压入位移)不仅与材料的性质有关,还与压头的半径有关。本文提出:通过两个不同尺寸的平压头可以同时确定陶瓷层和粘结层的弹性模量。     

On Cavitation, Configurational Forces and Implications for Fracture in a Nonlinearly Elastic Material

Experiments on polymers indicate that large tensile stress can induce cavitation, that is, the appearance of voids that were not previously evident in the material. This phenomenon can be viewed as either the growth of pre-existing infinitesimal holes in the material or, alternatively, as the spontaneous creation of new holes in an initially perfect body. In this paper our approach is to adopt both views concurrently within the framework of the variational theory of nonlinear elasticity. We model an elastomer on a macroscale as a void-free material and, on a microscale, as a material containing certain defects that are the only points at which hole formation can occur. Mathematically, this is accomplished by the use of deformations whose point singularities are constrained. One consequence of this viewpoint is that cavitation may then take place at a point that is not energetically optimal. We show that this disparity will generate configurational forces, a type of force identified previously in dislocations in crystals, in phase transitions in solids, in solidification, and in fracture mechanics. As an application of this approach we study the energetically optimal point for a solitary hole to form in a homogeneous and isotropic elastic ball subject to radial boundary displacements. We show, in particular, that the center of the ball is the unique optimal point. Finally, we speculate that the configurational force generated by cavitation at a non-optimal material point may be sufficient to result in the onset of fracture. The analysis utilizes the energy-momentum tensor, the asymptotics of an equilibrium solution with an isolated singularity, and the linear theory of elasticity at the stressed configuration that the body occupies immediately prior to cavitation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Multiple Equilibrium States of Slightly Extensible Elastic Strings

We consider the equilibrium states of elastic strings loaded transversely by their own weight. We are interested in the relation between the equilibrium states of inextensible strings and those of strings which are nonlinearly elastic and slightly extensible. The inextensible string has a unique concave equilibrium state while the concave equilibrium states of a nonlinearly elastic string come in pairs. In this paper we explore the relation between the two models. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bounds for the Effective Elastic Properties of Completely Random Planar Polycrystals

Bounds have been developed for the elastic moduli of completely random planar polycrystals, the shape and crystalline orientations of the constituent grains of which are supposed to be uncorrelated. Explicit results for the aggregates of orthotropic crystals are demonstrated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

弹性薄板的后屈曲特性

文章用三维弹性理论的非线性应变公式研究了弹性薄板的后屈曲特性，旨在探讨冯·卡门平板大挠度方程的可靠性范围。计算结果表明，当板中薄膜力较大时，用冯·卡门方程描述后屈曲问题会产生较大的误差。     

弹性椭圆夹杂纵向剪切问题

获得纵向剪切下弹性椭圆夹杂问题的精确解。将复变函数的分区全纯函数理论,Cauchy型积分和Riemann边值问题相结合,求得各复势函数之间的解析关系,从而得到问题的封闭形式解,并给出了界面应力的解析表达式。本文解答与已有文献结果一致。本文发展的分析方法,为求解复杂多连通域的平面弹性问题提供了一条有效途径。     

文克勒地基上弹性薄板受有限长弹性杆冲击的动力分析

对具有初速的有限长弹性杆与文克勒地基上弹性薄板的冲击问题进行了研究，用伽辽金原理求出了冲击力及薄板位移响应的近似公式，并对计算结果作了分析讨论     

Swelling Induced Finite Strain Flexure in a Rectangular Block of an Isotropic Elastic Material

The deformation of a rectangular block into an annular wedge is studied with respect to the state of swelling interior to the block. Nonuniform swelling fields are shown to generate these flexure deformations in the absence of resultant forces and bending moments. Analytical expressions for the deformation fields demonstrate these effects for both incompressible and compressible generalizations of conventional hyperelastic materials. Existing results in the absence of a swelling agent are recovered as special cases.