A Two-Stage S-Band Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Based on W-type Erbium-Doped Fiber

An S-band erbium~doped fiber （EDF） amplifier based on a W-type EDF designed by ourselves is demonstrated by employing a two-stage double-pass configuration. The amplifier provides a bandwidth of 34 nm （1486-1520 nm） for the gain over 20dB. The maximal gain of 32.8dB is achieved at 1501 nm and the corresponding noise figure is 6.0 dB. The proposed amplifier has a promising foreground in extending the current network to the S band.     

S-Band Gain-Flattened Double-Pass Discrete Fibre Raman Amplifiers Using Mechanically Induced Long-Period Fibre Gratings

We experimentally demonstrate an S-band double-pass （DP） discrete fibre Raman amplifier （FRA） gain-flattened by using a mechanically induced long-period fibre grating （LPFG）. Due to a photo-elastic effect in the fibre and its peak loss, the wavelength and depth of the mechanically induced LPFG are continuously regulated by varying the pressures, the angle of the fibre on the graphite rods which are used to produce the periodical pressures along the fibre, the number and the diameter of the graphite rods. Using this gain flattening filter, the gain profile of the DP-FRA is flattened to within ±0.8 dB in the wavelength range from 1485 nm to 1525 nm.     

S波段可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

提出了一种结构简单的S波段环形腔可调谐光纤激光器.研究了输出功率随激光波长和抽运功率的变化关系以及激光器运转的稳定性.当抽运功率113 mW时,通过调节全光纤可调谐法布里珀罗滤波器,在1482.73～1520.75 nm范围内得到了稳定的激光输出,3 dB带宽小于0.03 nm.其中1487.70～1520.75 nm范围内输出功率大于5 dBm,边模抑制比大于60 dB.1499.02 nm处最大输出功率7.11 dBm,输出功率起伏小于0.04 dB.     

A Flat-Gain Double-Pass Amplifier with New Hafnia-Bismuth-Erbium Codoped Fiber

An efficient and compact double-pass optical fiber amplifier is demonstrated using a newly developed hafnia bismuth erbium co-doped fiber(HBEDF) as a gain medium. The HBEDF is fabricated using a modified chemical vapor deposition in conjunction with solution doping. The fiber has an erbium ion concentration of 12500 ppm.At the optimum length of 0.5 m, the HBEDF amplifier(HBEDFA) achieves a flat gain of 26 d B with a gain variation of less than 1.5 d B within a wavelength region from 1530 to 1560 nm when the input signal and pump power are fixed at-30 d Bm and 140 m W, respectively. On the other hand, at the input signal power of-10 d Bm,the HBEDFA also achieves a flat gain of 14.2 d B with a gain variation of less than 2.5 d B within a wide wavelength region from 1525 to 1570 nm. Compared with the conventional zirconia erbium co-doped fiber based amplifier,the proposed HBEDFA obtains a more efficient gain and lower noise figure. For an input signal of-30 d Bm, the gain improvements of 6.2 d B and 4.8 d B are obtained at 1525 nm and 1540 nm, respectively.     

一种增益可调掺铒光纤放大器的研究

在所设计的增益可调掺铒光纤放大器中,采用可编程控制器PC机控制可变直流电压源引发压电陶瓷的电致伸缩效应,导致光纤布拉格光栅的Bragg波长发生漂移,实现被调制参数的变化.分析了双光纤光栅受到压电陶瓷电致伸缩效应时的反射谱变化规律和增益可调掺铒光纤放大器的放大特性.由该放大器的增益与输入信号功率的关系得出小的波长间隔,增益较小,但控制范围较大;大的波长间隔,增益较大,但控制范围较小的结论.在输入宽带光源时,得到两光纤布拉格光栅在不同中心波长之差时的掺铒光纤放大器的增益特性.     

Enhancement of Gain in L-Band Bismuth-Based Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier Using an Un-pumped EDF and Midway Isolator

A hybrid L-band erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) with enhanced gain characteristic is demonstrated without a significant noise figure penalty. It uses a backward C-band amplified stimulated emission from both the ends of a bismuth-based EDFA system to pump an unpumped erbium-doped fibre (EDF) for gain enhancing. The maximum gain enhancement of 4.0dB is obtained at wavelength 1604nm with EDF length of 20m. The gain spectrum is reasonably fiat in this amplifier compared with the amplifier without an EDF. The gain varies from 27.4 dB to 30.2 dB at wavelength region 1564-1608 nm with incorporation of 20 m EDF. Noise figure also varies from 6.0 to 7.TdB at this wavelength region.     

A Wide-Band Thulium-Doped Silica Fibre Amplifier

We investigate a silica-based thulium-doped fibre amplifier, which is a promising candidate for an amplifying device in the S band, in detail using a single wavelength upconversion pumping scheme centred at 1064nm. Our experimental results show that in terms of gain and noise figure, the bi-directional pumping scheme is the best one in the three pumping schemes, named forward, backward and hi-directional pumping schemes. The amplifier has a gain not only in the S band, but also in the C band, even in the L band. The gain is above 3dB from 1525nm to 1580nm with a peak of 7.SdB.     

A Continuously Tunable Erbium-Doped Fibre Laser Using Tunable Fibre Bragg Gratings and Optical Circulator

A continuously tunable erbium-doped fibre laser （TEDFL） based on tunable fibre Bragger grating （TFBG） and a three-port optical circulator （OC） is proposed and demonstrated. The OC acts as a 100%-reflective mirror. A strain-induced uniform fibre Bragger grating （FBG） which functions as a partial-reflecting mirror is implemented in the linear cavity. By applying axial strain onto the TFBG, a continuously tunable lazing output can be realized. The wavelength tuning range covers approximately 7.00nm in C band （from 1543.6161 to 1550.3307nm）. The side mode suppression ratio （SMSR） is better than 50 dB, and the 3 dB bandwidth of the laser is less than 0.01 nm. Moreover, an array waveguide grating （AWG） is inserted into the cavity for wavelength preselecting, and a 50 km transmission experiment was performed using our TEDFL at a 10 Gb/s modulation rate.     

Modulation Frequency Characteristics of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

The modulation frequency characteristics of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier are analyzed theoretically and experimentally for various values of modulation frequency. The theoretical predictions by the approximate equations in the low and high frequency modulation and that by the Runge-Kutta method for all modulation frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental results. In the low frequency modulation, the population inversion is depleted because of the saturation effect due to the instantaneous power of the incident light, and a distorted output is obtained without phase delay. In the high frequency modulation, the linear amplification is obtained with the gain depletion determined by the time averaged power of the incident signal. In the intermediate frequency modulation, the highly distorted output is obtained with phase delay.     

Dual-Core Leaky Waveguide-Based Filters for Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier

Abstract

This article gives the design of a gain-flattening filter for an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier using a dual-core resonant leaky waveguide. The spectral variation of leakage loss of the waveguide has been used for gain equalization of the erbium-doped waveguide amplifier in the conventional (C) band. Leakage loss of the structure has been calculated by using the transfer matrix method. Numerical simulation results show a 17.5-dB gain with a gain excursion of ±1.35 dB in the C-band (1,526 nm–1,566 nm) of a typical erbium-doped waveguide amplifier. The study should be useful in designing integrated optic gain-flattening filters.     

组合式双程同轴放大器中单元放大器的增益控制

针对“神光Ⅱ”激光系统主放大器组合结构的特点，提出了一种利用角变反镜（AVM）实现单元放大器的增益控制的新方案，分析了角变反镜衰减引起的双程放大器增益的变化。     

Stable Dual-Wavelength Fibre Laser with Bragg Gratings Fabricated in a Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Fibre

A new polarization-independent duai-wavelength fibre laser by fabricating a uniform FBG and a chirped FBG in a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fibre （PM-EDF） is proposed and demonstrated. The wavelength spacing is 0.18nm and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 50dB with pump power of 246mW. Chirped FBG is used to make the reflectivity wavelengths of two PM-FBGs match easier. Since both EDF and FBGs are polarization-maintaining without splices and the two wavelengths are polarization-independent, the maximum amplitude variation and wavelength shifts for both lasing wavelength with 3-min intervals over a period of six hours are less than 0.2 dB and 0.005 nm, respectively, which shows stable dual-wavelength output.     

掺铒光纤放大器的频率响应和瞬态增益

根据掺铒光纤放大器（ＥＤＦＡ）的速率方程和传播方程,忽略自发辐射噪声,推导出了小信号调制时频率响应函数的解析表达工以及大信号调制时描述瞬态增益的方程。数值计算表明,当输入信号的调制频率大于５ｋＨｚ时,放大器的瞬态增益变化很小,频率响应很弱。通过计算机仿真,描述了关闭一个信道时的放大器的增益变化过程。     

Novel Numerical Method to Model Multichannel Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

We propose a novel numerical method based on genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the evolution equations that are the basis of modeling multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). The evolution equations are first transformed from an iteration problem to an optimization problem. The unknown parameter related to backward amplified spontaneous emission (BASE) is coded into a string of bits based on their probable lower and upper limits. By defining proper random variation operators and cost function, the coupled evolution equations are optimized using GA for different values of erbium-doped fiber parameters. It is observed that GA is an efficient method for analyzing the EDFA characteristics in the entire C-band.     

Gain Flattened Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Using Simple Equalizing Film

A simple scheme using a piece of SiO₂ with an equalizing film platted on one side to get flattened gain spectrum of EDFA is studied in this paper. The film works as an inter-stage wavelength-selective filter, it is optimized to place at the middle of the EDF to suppress the ASE light generated by the first piece of EDF and pre-emphasize the signals before they enter the second EDF at the same time. The simulating results of 8 WDM signals show pretty good performance of gain flatness and noise figure as well. It is a facile equalization scheme for wide-band WDM systems.     

Multi-Wavelength Erbium-Doped Fibre Lasers on Assistance of High-Nonlinear Photonic-Crystal Fibres

On the basis of self-stability effect of four-wave mixings （FWMs） in high-nonlinear photonic-crystal fibres, a novel multi-wavelength erbium-doped fibre （EDF） laser is proposed and demonstrated experimentally at room temperature. The proposed lasers have the capacity of switching and tuning with excellent uniformity and stability. By means of adjusting the attenuators, the triple-, four-, or five-wavelength EDF lasers can be lasing simultaneously. With the assistance of the FWM self-stability function, the multi-wavelength spectrum is excellently stabilized with uniformity less than 0.9dB.     

Realization of an All-Fibre Self-Organization Intra-Cavity Coherent Erbium-Doped Fibre Laser

An intra-cavity coherent coupling Michelson Er-doped fibre （EDF） laser （MCEDFL） is proposed and demonstrated. Characteristics of the MCEDFL are investigated. It is found that the MCEDFL with a polarizer can be coherent combined effectively. By the experiment based on fibre Bragg gratings （FBGs） with different reflectivity, we find that the reflectivity of the FBG play a vital role in improving the performance of the MCEDFL. This outcome adequately shows many favourable features, such as high efficiency, easy operation, and simple all-fibre configuration.     

A 0．98μm Laser Diode Pumped Erbium－Doped Fiber Amplifier with 40nm Bandwidth

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重复运行短脉冲S波段相对论速调管放大器

介绍了利用HVG-1二极管产生的强流短脉冲电子束源, 开展短脉冲重复频率为100Hz的S波段相对论速调管放大器(RKA)实验研究. 利用无箔空心石墨阴极和0.82T的恒流源引导磁场, 引出了电压约700kV、电流约6.5kA、脉宽(半高宽)25ns的环形电子束. 该电子束经过输入腔和中间腔的调制后, 得到了5kA/22ns的 基波调制电流. 经过输出腔后, 得到了大于1GW/20ns的辐射微波, 频率2.95GHz, 平均功率2.4kW, 效率约24%, 增益34dB. 没有观察到限制该GW级功率水平的S波段RKA的因素.     

激光二极管抽运电光调Q双通激光器中的光纤相位共轭

为了降低高重复频率脉冲固体激光器中热致光束畸变对光束质量的影响，在激光二极管抽运、电光调Q的Nd：YAG激光双通放大系统中对多模石英光纤相位共轭镜进行了实验研究。激光重复频率100Hz、脉宽20ns。实验结果表明：应用多模光纤能够显著改善放大级中热效应引入的波面畸变，双通获得近衍射极限的激光输出，并可大幅度压缩脉宽至7ns，达到了3：1的压缩比。在受激布里渊散射阈值附近，实验中观察到相位共轭光光斑剧烈闪烁，而随着注入光纤能量的增大，闪烁现象渐渐消失，输出激光能量的稳定度提高，在注入能量5．3mJ的情况下，获得了14％的能量不稳定度，此时的反射率和退偏率分别为32．6％和7％。