一种超声速运动目标的被动声定位算法

超声速运动目标在空气中飞行时产生激波，本文利用激波到达时间，提出了一种基于波前方向矢量的算法，确定目标的速率和位置。最后，通过对三站均匀圆阵的估计精度的分析计算，讨论了该算法的有效性。     

一种超声速运动目标的被动声定位算法

超声速运动目标在空气中飞行时产生激波,本文利用激波到达时间,提出了一种基于波前方向矢量的算法,确定目标的速度和位置。最后,通过对三站均匀圆阵的估计精度的分析计算,讨论了该算法的有效性．     

一种水下运动目标被动报警的新算法

根据矢量水听器的测向原理和算法,提出了一种目标方位角的变化实现水下运动目标低频高精度的报警方法。该报警系统以水下设施为平台,对靠近设施的运动目标的方位进行跟踪测量,并在目标距离水下设施最近时给出报警信号,以达到有效地避免事故的目的。与传统的利用声级变化报警或主动回波测距报警方法相比,该方法具有低频、作用距离远和高精度的特点。     

水下噪声目标被动测距技术研究

运用被动测距声纳中的三元测距技术,通过直接测1、3阵元的时延差来实现时延估计。仿真结果表明,改进的时延估计方法可提高时延估计精度,从而改善测距精度。此外,定义临界距离,并以此为分界点,分别采用K系数分配法和直接测量法对中远程和近程目标进行测距,解决了被动声纳的近程测距模糊问题。将其应用于声纳系统中,可显著提高声纳的被动测距能力,使被动测距声纳可全程测距。     

纯方位目标运动分析的卡尔曼滤波算法

本文介绍了纯方位目标运动分析的卡尔曼滤波算法，利用Lyapunov稳定性理论，通过计算算法的稳定性度量值，对三种卡尔曼滤波算法的稳定性进行了分析讨论，并通过仿真计算对各方法的估计性能进行了比较。     

一种新的目标运动分析方法

讨论一种新的目标运动分析方法,旨在解决远距离、低信噪比情况下的目标被动定位和参数估计问题。该方法原理简单,实现方便。通过计算机模拟验证了算法的性能,并在此基础上成功地处理了海上试验数据,获得了正确的目标轨迹。     

利用多途时延的被动目标定位方法

本文研究了在海洋波导环境中利用多途时延信息进行水下目标被动定位的方法。理论分析了在等声速理想海洋波导环境中,多途时延信息随时间变化的规律及其与目标运动状态之间的联系。分析结果表明,不需要已知声线类型而仅利用多途时延信息即可实现浅海波导环境中水下目标的被动定位。利用多途时延信息,当有两条声线到达时可以估计运动目标的归一化径向速度;当有三条声线到达时,可实现水下运动目标距离、径向速度的估计。最后利用仿真和实验数据对上述结论进行了验证。     

纯方位水下目标运动分析方法研究

本文讨论如何使用目标运动分析方法对水下目标进行纯方位距离估计。纯方位距离估计是目标运动分析领域中难度最大、应用范围最广的一个方面。由于纯方位目标运动分析是一个非线性问题,因此绝大部分基于线性模型的估计方法经多年研究证实很难适用于本问题,特别是在目标方位观测噪声较大的情况下,经典估计方法很难得到无偏的估计结果。本文在使用广义最小二乘法对目标运动要素进行粗略估计的基础上,又使用均匀设计方法对目标运动要素进一步寻优。本文所提供的算法经多次模拟实验验证,在目标方位观测噪声较大的情况下,对远距离目标运动要素的估计仍能做到误差较小且收敛较快。     

水下垂向运动目标的海底多基站声定位方法及精度分析

针对水下垂向运动目标具有瞬变运动特性、难以对其轨迹进行高精度和高帧率测量的问题,提出一种有水声信标的海底多基站声定位模型,基于高斯-牛顿法给出求解算法,证明了算法满足局部线性收敛条件。数值仿真和精度分析表明,基站站址误差、声速误差和信号时延估计误差通过测量斜距传播到目标位置参数,误差传播过程受接收基阵几何构型、目标相对位置及水声学约束条件等因素影响。在多个海底基站共面条件下,补充海面基站可改进垂向测量能力。利用该方法对全区域进行精度估计,获取了定位性能在空间分布上的细节特征。以水平范围1 km×1 km、水深60 m的海区计算,对于由13个海底基站和1个海面基站构成的14元测量阵,目标运动深度范围为35~60 m,在x,y,z三个方向的均方根误差(RMSE)平均值分别为0.30 m,1.47 m,0.34 m。本文工作为水下垂向运动目标定位提供了一种技术途径,可为测量系统的论证设计提供参考。     

水下运动目标长基线定位解算研究

水下运动目标长基线应答器导航定位方程是非线性的,其非线性解法是成熟的。本文所讨论的解算方法的优点是算法简便。本文讨论了该定位方程组的近似解法及对近似解法的理解,利用近似解将非线性定位方程组转化为易于求解的圆方程组求精确解。仿真研究和海上试验证明本文所介绍的解法是高精度的、简便的。     

非合作线谱声源分布式定位方法

非合作目标定位是水声定位领域的研究热点。为充分挖掘并利用各类可观测参数,提高非合作目标定位能力,本文提出一种基于目标频率变化信息的非合作目标定位方法。该方法针对匀速直线运动目标的定位问题,首先根据多普勒频移原理,建立观测频率与目标辐射频率、目标运动速度、位置之间的函数映射关系,利用最小均方准则建立目标函数,通过优化算法估计分布式定位系统中各个测量单元与目标运动轨迹的致近点距离,最后综合各观测节点的测距结果,构建几何定位模型,求得目标运动轨迹的解析解。本文通过仿真分析,证明了该方法的有效性,并指出了该方法需要目标通过与各测量单元的致近点才能获得较好的距离估计能力。文中分析了不同频率估计精度对定位精度的影响,结果表明,提出的定位方法对测频精度具有一定的容限,是一种高精度的非合作线谱声源定位方法。     

穿越深海会聚区的声源定位方法研究

基于WKBZ近似深海会聚区预报模型和方位滤波方法建立了穿越会聚区声源运动参数的估计模型，模拟结果表明，方位误差较小时，在前三个会聚区内，目标运动参数估计结果与模拟设定参数符合较好。     

Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis Using a Dual-Waveband Infrared System

Infrared systems are widely used for target detection, designation and tracking. For example, an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system, as a typical airborne or shipboard detecting device, is widely equipped for the remote target detection and tracking. In recent years, the problem of target motion analysis (TMA) and tracking has been studied increasingly extensively. In an airborne infrared system, the problem becomes more difficult due to absence of range information. In this paper, the infrared model and motion model of typical aerial targets are described. An airborne dual-waveband IRST system, which is quite familiar nowadays, is choosed for implementation of target motion analysis. Based on the above, a novel and more practical algorithm of target tracking via bearings-only measurements is formed and the major parameters are defined according to a typical airborne dual-waveband IRST system. Finally, data simulation is implemented, and the results demonstrate the new algorithm has a better performance than before for bearings-only target tracking.     

Upstream vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for fault monitoring and localization in WDM passive optical networks

As wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) are expected to be first deployed to transport high capacity services to business customers, real-time knowledge of fiber/device faults and the location of such faults will be a necessity to guarantee reliability. Nonetheless, the added benefit of implementing fault monitoring capability should only incur minimal cost associated with upgrades to the network. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fault monitoring and localization scheme based on a highly-sensitive and potentially low-cost monitor in conjunction with vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The VCSELs are used as upstream transmitters in the WDM-PON. The proposed scheme benefits from the high reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror of optical injection-locked (OIL) VCSELs to reflect monitoring channels back to the central office for monitoring. Characterization of the fault monitor demonstrates high sensitivity, low bandwidth requirements, and potentially low output power. The added advantage of the proposed fault monitoring scheme incurs only a 0.5 dB penalty on the upstream transmissions on the existing infrastructure.     

空气声被动定位的误差分析

本文讨论了了空气中声被动定位系统的误差来源,给出了相应的误差公式,并分析了各种误差对测向及测距精度的影响,为确定和提高被动声定位系统的精度提供了有价值的参考数据。     

Application of LIBS and TMA for the determination of combustion predictive indices of coals and coal blends

Presented work brings results of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (TMA) of coals and coal blends used in coal fired power plants all over Spain. Several coal specimens, its blends and corresponding laboratory ash were analyzed by mentioned techniques and results were compared to standard laboratory methods. The indices of slagging, which predict the tendency of coal ash deposition on the boiler walls, were determined by means of standard chemical analysis, LIBS and TMA. The optimal coal suitable to be blended with the problematic national lignite coal was suggested in order to diminish the slagging problems.Used techniques were evaluated based on the precision, acquisition time, extension and quality of information they could provide. Finally, the applicability of LIBS and TMA to the successful calculation of slagging indices is discussed and their substitution of time-consuming and instrumentally difficult standard methods is considered.     

Characterization of Rayleigh backscattering performance of CS-SSB signal in carrier distributed passive optical network

Rayleigh backscattering (RB) is an intrinsic phenomenon when light propagating in fiber and its level is fixed by the fiber type and the network configuration used. Thus, RB noise would be one of the major impairments in a carrier distributed passive optical network (PON). Previously demonstrated carrier suppressed subcarrier-amplitude modulated phase shift keying (CSS-AMPSK) modulation may be useful to effectively mitigate the RB noise. However, this modulation is basically a carrier suppressed double sidebands modulation (CS-DSB) format, in which the same information is carried by the two sidebands with equal magnitude. This is not very power-efficient for PON. Here, we further extend our RB studies by using carrier suppressed single sideband non-return-to-zero (CS-SSB-NRZ) modulation. We experimentally characterize the CS-SSB-NRZ modulation when subjected to both contributions of RB: Carrier-RB and Signal-RB. Then, numerical simulations are performed, and the results are in good match with the experiment. Finally, upstream transmission experiment is performed showing the feasibility of using the CS-SSB-NRZ signal for the carrier distributed PON. The RB performance of the SSB-NRZ signals transmitted at different distances and driven at different radio-frequency (RF) f_s is also investigated.     

Analysis of the influence of backscattered optical power over bidirectional PON links

Our aim is to describe the behavior of non-linear scattering effects that arise in standard single mode fiber (SMF), specifically scattering effects that propagate optical power in the reverse direction of the source signal such as Rayleigh Scattering (RS) and Brillouin Scattering (BS). For this purpose, the effects of backscattering phenomena over a bidirectional data transmission in a passive optical network (PON) scheme have been assessed. The impact of these high optical power components over reception at the optical line terminal (OLT) side has been determined when both links use the same wavelength. Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements have been performed with different transmission rates, using several techniques to mitigate the influence of backscattering over the received signal and considering cases with filtered and unfiltered BS.     

Experimental demonstration of optical MIMO transmission for SCFDM-PON based on polarization interleaving and direct detection

The OFDM-PON and SCFDM-PON based on powerful digital signal processing (DSP) are promising candidates for next-generation optical access networks. Recently polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) transmission with direct detection has been proposed for OFDM-PON to effectively reduce the bandwidth requirement of optical and electrical components. However, the PDM scheme has high algorithm complexity. In this paper, we propose a polarization interleaving (PI) approach, which can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement for components while achieving a similar 2×2 MIMO algorithm with coherently-detected PDM-OFDM scheme. Downstream PI-SCFDM transmission is experimentally demonstrated. The scheme can be easily extended to OFDM-PON.     

Enhanced performance for 10 Gb/s long reach RSOA based WDM-PON by using power pre-emphasized OFDM signal

An extended reach 10 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) system based on reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is proposed by using power pre-emphasized orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively enhance the system performance against the limited bandwidth and chirp induced fading effect from direct modulation of RSOA. The receiver sensitivity is improved by 5 dB at the limit of BER for forward error correction (FEC) code over the 60 km and 85 km fiber transmission without any dispersion compensation module.