Excess Molar Volumes,Viscosity Deviations and Isentropic Compressibility of Binary Mixtures Containing 1,3-Dioxolane and Monoalcohols at 303.15 K

The excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviations (Δη) and Gibbs excess energy of activation for viscous flow (G^∗E) have been investigated from density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements of eight binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, and i-amyl alcohol over the entire range of mole fractions at 303.15 K. The viscosity data have been correlated with the Grunberg and Nissan equation. Furthermore, excess isentropic compressibilities (K_S^E) have been calculated from ultrasonic speed measurements of these binary mixtures at 303.15 K. The deviations have been fitted by a Redlich–Kister equation and the results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects. The excess properties are found to be either negative or positive depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of the liquid mixtures. The systems studied exhibit very strong cross association through hydrogen bonding.     

Densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of phenetole with 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol,and 1-decanol at different temperatures

Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) values of the binary mixtures of phenetole+1-pentanol, + 1-hexanol, + 1-heptanol, + 1-octanol, + 1-nonanol, and + 1-decanol over the entire range of mole fraction at 293.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K have been measured at atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volume (V^E), viscosity deviations (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation (G*^E) have been calculated from the experimental measurements. These results were fitted to Redlich and Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary interaction parameters. The viscosity data were correlated with equations of Grunberg and Nissan, Hind et al., Frenkel, and McAllister. While the excess molar volumes of phenetole+1-pentanol, + 1-hexanol are positive, the remaining binary mixtures are negative. The viscosity deviations and excess Gibbs energy of activation are negative for all investigated systems. As the chain length of 1-alkanols increases, both viscosity deviations and excess molar volume values decrease while excess Gibbs energy of activation value increase. The temperature has no effect on excess molar volume, slight effect on excess Gibbs energy of activation, and significant effect on viscosity deviations. The calculated functions have been used to explain the intermolecular interaction between the mixing components.     

Densities, Viscosities, and Excess Gibbs Energy of Activation for Viscous Flow, for Binary Mixtures of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) with 1-Pentanol, 1-Butanol, and 1-Propanol at Two Temperatures

Summary. Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) values of the binary mixtures of DMP + 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, and 1-propanol over the entire range of mole fraction at 298.15 and 303.15 K were measured in atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviations (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow (G^*E) were calculated from the experimental measurements. These results were fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary interaction parameters. The viscosity data were correlated with equations of McAllister. The calculated functions have been used to explain the intermolecular interaction between the mixing components.     

Thermophysical and thermoacoustical properties of benzaldehyde mixtures with ethylbenzene at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa

Ultrasound velocity (u), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements of benzaldehyde + ethylbenzene mixtures have been carried out at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. These values have been used to calculate the excess molar volume (V ^E), deviation in viscosity (δη), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (δβ_s), deviations in ultrasound velocity (δu), excess free volume (δV _f), excess intermolecular free length (δL _f) and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (δG ^E). McAllister’s three body interaction model is used for correlating kinematic viscosity of binary mixtures. The excess values were correlated using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. The thermophysical properties under the study were fit to the Jouyban-Acree model. The observed variation of these parameters helps in understanding the nature of interactions in these mixtures. Further, theoretical values of the ultrasound speed were evaluated using theories and empirical relations.     

Study of Intermolecular Interaction in Dimethylsulphoxide + 1-Alkanols (1-Butanol, 1-Hexanol, 1-Octanol) At 303.15 K

Abstract

The ultrasonic velocity, u, viscosity, η, and density, ρ of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, and of their binary mixtures, where DMSO is common component, have been measured at 303.15 K. From the experimental data, excess isentropic compressibility, K ^E _s, excess intermolecular free length, L^E _f, excess velocity, u ^E, excess acoustic impedance, Z ^E, excess viscosity, η^E, excess free energy of activation of viscous flow, G?^E, and excess rheochore, [R ^E] have been calculated. The behaviours of excess functions with composition of the mixtures suggest that the structure-breaking effect dominates over the interaction effect between the component molecules. Furthermore, the experimental values of u and η were fitted by empirical equations stating their dependence on composition of the mixtures. The experimental values of u have been compared with those calculated by using Nomoto and Van Dael relations.     

Excess molar volumes,viscosity, refractive index,and Gibbs energy of activation of binary biodiesel + benzene,and biodiesel + toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K

Excess molar volumes (V ^E), viscosities, refractive index, and Gibbs energies were evaluated for binary biodiesel + benzene and toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K. The excess molar volumes V ^E were determined from density, while the excess Gibbs free energy of activation G*^E was calculated from viscosity deviation Δη. The excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviation (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation (G*^E) were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and estimate the standard deviations between the experimental data and calculation results. All mixtures showed positive V ^E values obviously caused by increased physical interactions between biodiesel and the organic solvents.     

Thermodynamic study of perfluorohexane + ether mixtures: VLE, LLE, and H

Vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE), liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE), and excess enthalpies (H^E) of binary mixtures of perfluoro-n-hexane plus an ether (diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, butyl methyl, and butyl ethyl ether), have been determined using a head-space gas-chromatographic technique, a turbidimetric apparatus, and a heat-flow calorimeter, respectively. A recently designed titration technique and calculation procedure have been used to obtain H^E from heats of solution. The observed liquid–liquid coexistence curves have been compared with those predicted by the activity coefficients γ_i and their temperature dependence. All mixtures are strongly endothermic (H^E > 0) and show large positive deviations from ideality (G^E > 0), which increase with the size of the ether. Molecular interactions have been examined by calculating and discussing solvation functions and Kirkwood–Buff (KB) integrals. Perfluorohexane proved to be an inert molecule that interacts with ethers more weakly than hexane.     

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocity studies of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol have been measured over the entire range of composition, at (298.15 and 308.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity, the excess molar volumes (V^E), deviations in viscosity (Δη), and deviations in isentropic compressibility (Δκ_s) have been calculated. The excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity and deviations in isentropic compressibility have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The Jouyban-Acree model is used to correlate the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity.     

Densities,viscosities, speed of sound,and IR spectroscopic studies of binary mixtures of tert-butyl acetate with benzene,methylbenzene, and ethylbenzene at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K

Densities, viscosities, speed of sound, and IR spectroscopy of binary mixtures of tert-butyl acetate (TBA) with benzene, methylbenzene, and ethylbenzene have been measured over the entire range of composition, at (298.15 and 308.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental values of density, viscosity, speed of sound, and IR spectroscopy; excess molar volumes V^E, deviations in viscosity Δη, deviations in isentropic compressibility Δκ_s and stretching frequency ν have been calculated. The excess molar volumes and deviations in isentropic compressibility are positive for the binaries studied over the whole composition, while deviations in viscosities are negative for the binary mixtures. The excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity, and deviations in isentropic compressibility have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The Jouyban–Acree model is used to correlate the experimental values of density, viscosity, and speed of sound.     

Volumetric,viscometric and acoustic properties of binary mixtures of 2-propanol with n -alkanes (C6, C8, C10) at 298.15 and 308.15 K

Densities (ρ), viscosities (η), and speeds of sound, (u) of the binary mixtures of 2-propanol with n-alkanes (n-hexane, n-octane, and n-decane) were measured over the entire composition range at 298.15 and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Using the experimental values of density, viscosity and speed of sound, the excess molar volumes (V ^E), viscosity deviations (Δη), deviations in speed of sound (Δu), isentropic compressibility (κ _s), deviations in isentropic compressibility (Δκ _s), and excess Gibbs energies of activation of viscous flow (ΔG* ^E) were calculated. These results were fitted to the Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation. The variations of these excess parameters with composition were discussed from the viewpoint of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures. The excess properties are found to be either positive or negative depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of liquid mixtures.     

Excess properties and spectroscopic studies of binary system 1,4-butanediol + water at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K

Density and dynamic viscosity data were measured over the whole concentration range for the binary system 1,4-butanediol (1) + water (2) at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K as a function of composition under atmospheric pressure. Based on density and dynamic viscosity data, excess molar density (ρ^E), dynamic viscosity deviation (Δν) and excess molar volume (V_m^E) were calculated. From the dynamic viscosity data, excess Gibbs energies (ΔG*^E), Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (ΔG*), enthalpy of activation for viscous flow (ΔH*) and entropy of activation for viscous flow (ΔS*) were also calculated. The ρ^E, V_m^E, Δν and ΔG*^E values were correlated by a Redlich?Kister-type function to obtain the coefficients and to estimate the standard deviations between the experimental and calculated quantities. Based on FTIR and UV spectral results, the intermolecular interaction of 1,4-butanediol with H₂O was discussed.     

Study of Densities, Viscosities and Ultrasonic Speeds of Binary Mixtures Containing 1,2-Dimethoxyethane and an Alkan-l-ol at 298.15 K

The viscosity deviation (Δη), the excess molar volume (V ^E) and the ultrasonic speed (u) have been investigated from viscosity (η) and density (ρ ) measurements of binary liquid mixtures of 1,2-dimethyoxyethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol or octan-1-ol over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K. The excess volumes are negative over the entire range of composition for all of the mixtures with the exception of hexan-1-ol and octan-1-ol. The excess isentropic compressibilities (K _S ^E) and viscosity deviations are negative for all of the mixtures. The magnitudes of the negative values of V ^E decrease with the number of carbon atoms of the alkan-1-ol. The trend of increasing K _S ^E values with the chain length of the alkanol is similar to that observed in the case of V ^E. Graphs of V ^E, Δ η, K _S ^E, Δ u, L _f ^E and Z ^E against composition are presented as a basis for a qualitative discussion of the results.     

Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-Cresol with Some Chlorohydrocarbons

Densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures of m-cresol with 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and tetrachloroethylene were measured at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. The measured results are used to compute the excess volumes (V^E), deviations in viscosity (Δη) and excess Gibbs energy for activation of flow (ΔG^E). The excess volumes, deviations in viscosity, and Gibbs energies for activation of flow are fitted to a polynomial-type equation suggested by Scharlin et al. [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 34, 927 (2002)] and are discussed in general terms.     

Viscosimetric and ultrasonic studies of intermolecular interactions of 2-methoxyethanol with diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol binary mixtures

The viscosities at T = (293.15, 298.15 and 303.15) K and ultrasonic speeds at T = 298.15 K in the binary liquid mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol have been measured over the entire mixture compositions. From the experimental data, deviations in the viscosity (Δη), ultrasonic speed (Δu), and excess energies of activation for viscous flow (ΔG* ^E ) have been calculated. The viscosity data were correlated with equations of Hind et al., Grunberg and Nissan, Frenkel, and McAllister. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.     

Volumetric and Viscometric Properties of Aqueous Solutions of N-Methylformamide, 1,2-Diaminopropane and 2-Methylpropane-2-ol

Density and viscosity of aqueous solutions of N-methylformamide (NMF), 1,2-diaminopropane (DAP) and 2-methylpropane-2-ol (MPL) have been measured precisely over the entire composition range (i.e., 1 ≥ x ₂ ≥ 0) at five equidistant temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 318.15 K. Excess molar volume (V^E _m ) and excess viscosity (η ^E ) have been calculated from measured density and viscosity data, respectively. Excess molar volume and excess viscosity have been fitted by the least squares method to the four parameters Redlich-Kister equation. The results have been interpreted on the basis of (i) interstitial incorporation, (ii) breakdown of the structure of pure liquids, (iii) hydrophobic hydration, (iv) hydrophobic interaction and (v) association between dissimilar liquids.     

Analysis of volumes of mixing for propyl and butyl formate withn-alkanes in terms of the Nitta model

The excess molar volumes of eight binary systems formed of propyl or butyl formate with four n-alkanes (from C₆ to C₉) have been determined at 25°C and atmospheric pressure. The data were obtained indirectly from densities measured experimentally with a vibrating-tube densimeter and then compared with those estimated using the Nitta model. This method yields good predictions of the symmetry of the v ^E curves given an average overall error for all the systems analyzed here smaller than 6 percent.     

Densities and Viscosities for the Binary Mixtures (2-Methyl-1-Chloropropane + Isomeric Butanol) at 298.15 and 313.15 K

Abstract

This paper reports excess volumes, V^E , and viscosity deviations, Δ\eta, for binary mixtures of 2-methyl-1-chloropropane with an isomer of butanol at the temperatures 298.15 K and 313.15 K. These properties were obtained from density and viscosity measurements. The results are correlated by means of a Redlich-Kister type equation, and interpreted in terms of molecular interactions. The systems show positive values of V^E except in a short range of compositions for mixtures containing primary butanols (1-butanol at both temperatures and 2-methyl-1-propanol at 298.15 K), whereas Δ\eta presents negative values at both temperatures over the whole composition range.     

Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone with cyclohexane,benzene, toluene at (303.15 to 353.15) K and atmospheric pressure

Densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone with cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene were determined at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The measurements were carried out over the whole range of composition, using a vibrating-tube density meter and Ubbelohde viscometer. Density, viscosity were used to compute the excess mole volumes, V^E, viscosity deviations, Δη and the excess energies of activation, ΔG^1E. Results have been fitted to Redlich–Kister equation to derive the coefficients and estimate the standard error values. A discussion on these quantities in terms of molecular interactions is reported. The experimental data of molar volumes are regressed by the Peng–Robinson equation with different alpha function. The mean root mean square deviations between experimental and calculated values for different binary mixtures are no more than 3.5%.     

Studies on solution properties of ternary mixture of acetophenone + n-amyl alcohol + dichloromethane and its corresponding binaries at 298.15 K

The excess values of molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviation (Δη), deviation in isentropic compressibility (ΔK_S ), excess molar refraction (ΔR) and excess Gibbs energy of activation (ΔG^*E ) of viscous flow have been investigated from the experimentally measured densities, viscosities, sound speeds and refractive indices for three binary mixtures of acetophenone?+?n-amyl alcohol, acetophenone?+?dichloromethane and n-amyl alcohol?+?dichloromethane and their corresponding ternary mixtures at 298.15?K over the entire composition range. The calculated quantities are further fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the binary fitting parameters and standard deviations from the regression lines. The excess or deviation properties were found to be either negative or positive depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of liquid mixtures and have been discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structural changes.     

Molecular interactions in (2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane + n-alkyl acetates) at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K

Densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane with methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and 1-butyl acetate were measured over the entire mole fractions at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K. Using the experimental values of densities ρ and viscosities η, excess molar volumes V^E, viscosity deviations δη were calculated. The values of excess molar volumes V^E and viscosity deviations δη were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial.