Generation of Realistic Infrared Image for Moving Objects

Most of current methods are available for synthesizing the static infrared scene, but fail to simulate the infrared signature of the objects caused by motion. This paper presents a new method for generating realistic infrared image of moving objects. Considering various environmental factors, object geometry and structure, internal heat conditions and state of movement, an infrared image synthesis model for moving objects is established. Based on this model the rendering method for infrared image of this kind of objects is proposed. By incorporating the effect of atmosphere transmission and the noise mechanism of infrared sensor, the infrared images of the working aircraft and automobile are successfully generated from different viewpoint. Experimental results illustrate the potential of our method.     

基于最小平均距离免疫算法的模糊红外图像分割

由于犯罪分子利用各种方法来避开传统的刑侦图像技术,因而红外图像逐渐成为获取犯罪现场痕迹的有效手段。然而,从犯罪现场拍摄的红外图像其目标痕迹大多是弱化的,所以在这类红外图像中分割目标是一项具有挑战性的任务。已有基于生物免疫的各类算法尚未明确描述免疫分割作用领域,以及免疫网络算法模型中的免疫识别距离。为实现对目标痕迹弱化红外图像的有效分割,提出了一种新的具有免疫作用领域和最小平均免疫识别距离的人工免疫构架,设计了一种具备最小平均距离免疫域的免疫分割算法。该方法根据红外图像的特点,采用多步分类算法、免疫变异和自适应免疫最小均距识别方法,根据目标区域和背景区域的总体统计特性实现最佳分类。实验结果表明,提出的基于最小平均距离的免疫算法能够有效地分割目标弱化的红外图像。与经典的边缘模板和区域模板方法相比,该算法具有更好的分割效果,尤其是针对目标弱化红外图像的分割,该算法能够较好地给出五个手指的边界轮廓。     

零视距地物长波红外特征场景仿真研究

为仿真地物长波红外场景图像,根据地表温度随时间变化的规律,并结合气象状况、背景材质、热特性参量、热状态等参数,在对太阳辐射、大气长波辐射、大气温度和地表热传导等影响地表温度变化的因素进行分析的基础上,建立了基于热平衡理论和热传导过程的方程。解算出多种常见地表一日之中的温度变化情况,并将其应用于由相同景物可见光纹理图像反演出的相应红外纹理图像中。在考虑景物表面自身发射、反射的辐射计算模型的前提下,生成了具有相似红外纹理细节的地表红外场景。结果表明,该方法可生成接近真实感的红外场景,有效地模拟仿真地物的长波红外特征。     

高频信息矢量匹配实现异源图像配准

介绍了一种通过提取红外与可见图像高频信息形成矢量模型的方法,该模型可用于可见和红外两种不同波段相同场景图像的配准。分析了红外与可见图像的共同特性,即边缘高频特性,并在作为模板的图像中提取这类高频信息。利用人工干预的方法形成矢量模型,该矢量模型可通过实时姿态信息进行实时三维变换,并重新投影为二维图形,据此可在另一图像中进行特征搜索,达到两者匹配的目的。利用实际数据进行了实验分析,结果显示,利用本文算法提取的矢量模型,经变换后能可靠地实现异源目标自动识别;实验证明此方法有效可行,并可推广应用于各种异源图像间的自动目标识别和配准处理。     

Real-Time Generation of Dynamic Infrared Scene

Although many models have been put forward to realize static infrared scene, they could not generate dynamic infrared scene real time in interactive way. In this paper a new method is proposed to solve the problem. We first model the targets and background of infrared scene based on the hybrid way of geometry and multi-spectral texture images. Then considering the attenuation effect of atmosphere and the noise mechanic of infrared image sensor, we present an infrared depth image model to generate dynamic images of the objects in the scene from different viewpoint. The complexity of infrared dynamic scene is thus reduced greatly and the reality of infrared scene is improved. Finally, real-time walkthrough for infrared scene is successfully realized and the average walkthrough speed is larger than 25 frames per second.     

高频信息矢量匹配实现异源图像配准

介绍了一种通过提取红外与可见图像高频信息形成矢量模型的方法,该模型可用于可见和红外两种不同波段相同场景图像的配准。分析了红外与可见图像的共同特性,即边缘高频特性,并在作为模板的图像中提取这类高频信息。利用人工干预的方法形成矢量模型,该矢量模型可通过实时姿态信息进行实时三维变换,并重新投影为二维图形,据此可在另一图像中进行特征搜索,达到两者匹配的目的。利用实际数据进行了实验分析,结果显示,利用本文算法提取的矢量模型,经变换后能可靠地实现异源目标自动识别;实验证明此方法有效可行,并可推广应用于各种异源图像间的自动目标识别和配准处理。     

基于LLE的红外成像彩色化处理算法研究

针对红外图像对比度低、细节较差,且一般是黑白图像,不适宜于人眼观察,提出一种利用局部线性映射方法（LLE）的红外成像彩色化方法。该方法寻求灰度空间到色彩空间的映射,实现红外图像到彩色红外图像的转变,先将目标红外图像和彩色模板图像转换至YUV颜色空间,分离亮度和色彩信息;然后将目标红外图像的每个像素及邻域像素的灰度值串接成矢量,并均匀从彩色模板图像选取部分像素按相同方法串接成矢量,采用欧氏距离搜索最近邻并计算最佳的匹配系数,经色彩值（即U和V分量）计算将模板图像的彩色传递给目标红外图像后搜索亮度最大值的像素邻域并经自动阈值伪彩色编码处理,突出显示重要目标,得到处理后的彩色红外图像。将算法应用于实验室自主开发的热像仪,算法作用后的红外图像不但有了适于人眼视觉的彩色信息,而且用红、黄等敏感色突出了重点热目标,提高了人眼发现和识别目标的速度,实验结果表明,算法有利于侦察人员长时间的目标观察和识别目标。     

Generation of Dynamic Infrared Outer Space Scene

This paper proposes a new method to generate the dynamic infrared outer space scene in real time. In the paper, we first model the dynamic infrared background of star sky based on the infrared star catalogue and temporal and spacial coordinate transformations. We also present a new concept called infrared star magnitude for given infrared receiving wavebands to display the infrared star sky effectively. Then we put forward an infrared image synthesis model for outer space targets based on the method of divided elements and energy equilibrium. To generate the dynamic infrared outer space scene, several simplification and accelerating techniques such as Billboard, Levels of Details and Occlusion Culling are hired to accelerate the generating speed of the scene. Finally infrared images of targets, background of outer space scene at different infrared receiving wavebands are drawn and the dynamic infrared outer space scene is successfully carried out in real time. * Corresponding author     

红外成像仿真中的若干关键技术研究

列举了海洋背景红外热像生成中的关键技术,从目标温度和发射率的确定、背景的辐射、大气传输、传感器建模几个方面阐述了信号注入仿真的特点,最后讨论了用OpenGL生成三维场景的技巧和方法。     

基于改进的两维Otsu管道红外图像高温区域分割研究

石化管道通常可分为常温区域和高温区域两部分。高温区域的存在影响着整个系统的安全运行,热量的散失将会引起资源的浪费及环境的污染等一系列问题。红外光谱图像能够较好地描述石化管道的高温区域,但是如何从中提取高温区域是红外光谱图像处理的一类难题。为实现从红外图像中,将高温区域准确快速分割出来的目的,基于经典的一维Otsu算法提出一种改进的二维多阈值自动获取方法。该算法首先对管道红外图像进行经典单阈值分割,将图像划分为背景和管道两部分。然后基于管道图像区域,以管道灰度图像与平均值图像作为图像二维,对目标图像进行二维双阈值分割,最终将较大的阈值作为划分管道常温区域与高温区域的分割点。将本算法对不同的管线进行多次试验分析,结果表明,采用改进的二维Otsu多阈值算法能够更加清晰的将管道从复杂背景中提取出来,并在此基础上把高温区域更精确的分割。     

利用QuickBird数据进行热红外遥感成像模拟的研究

针对基于机载热像仪图像或随机产生仿真场景的早期热红外成像模拟系统,提出了对高分辨率QuickBird图像进行星载热红外成像模拟的方法。基于高分辨率QuickBird图像,采用ISODATA法进行非监督分类,得到土地分类专题图,通过地物光谱数据库获得场景地物温度及发射率,从而可获得地面辐亮度图像;利用大气辐射传输软件MODTRAN对其进行大气修正,结合卫星遥感器辐射定标系数,最终可得到卫星遥感器输出图像。仿真结果表明,利用QuickBird进行热红外遥感成像模拟是一种全新而有益的尝试,对伪装效果检验等具有一定的参考价值。     

一种基于场景的红外图像非均匀性校正算法

提出了一种基于场景的红外图像非均匀性校正算法。该算法结合了两点定标校正算法和基于场景的改进的恒定统计算法,将两点校正算法的校正系数作为恒定统计算法的系数初值,并引入阈值进行运动状态检测,对运动场景和非运动场景分别进行系数更新。实验表明,该算法可以实现对红外图像非均匀性的校正,对于本文实验中的视频图像,在100帧时算法收敛,其收敛时间优于其他传统基于场景的非均匀性校正算法,并一定程度上抑制了"鬼影"现象。     

GPU-based high-precision real-time radiometric rendering for IR scene generation

Aiming at the problem that traditional infrared scene real-time radiometric rendering method leads to greater calculation error for securing real-time purpose, this article studies the IR rendering comprehensive optimization method, which secures real-time performance as well as calculation accuracy. Firstly, based on the effective average value principle, the spectrum coupling thermal emission and reflected radiations in the spectral radiometric equation are decomposed into physical quantities, and the spectral radiometric equation is improved to become a simpler calculation between “primer” radiance terms and effective average factors. Secondly, the parameter processing method is proposed to cope with the situation when index parameters of effective average factors exceed the maximum dimensionalities of graphics processing unit (GPU) look-up-table (LUT); and pre-calculation method is applied to promote the real-time evaluation efficiency of the physical quantities in the radiometric equation. Finally, concurrent computation of radiometric equation is achieved with GPU IR scene generation software and the precise and real-time rendering of three-dimensional IR scene is realized.     

自适应参考图像的可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法

可见光与红外热图像的彩色图像融合技术是现今国内外高性能夜视技术发展的重要方向之一,该技术有效提高了人们对目标的探测和场景理解能力。目前常用的色彩传递算法多属于基于单幅参考图像的全局色彩传递算法,彩色融合图像的色调受到参考图像的影响较大,在实际应用中难以保证对各类场景的适应性。针对常规YUV空间色彩传递彩色图像融合算法的环境适应性问题,通过对植物、城镇和海天三类典型场景的分类与统计,发现了典型场景在UV通道的均值和标准差具有的较为明显的分类特性,由此提出了一种基于UV通道均值和标准差的自适应参考图像构造方法,使得可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法具有较常规算法更好的环境适应性,融合图像的色彩具有较好的自然感,且算法处理量较小,对现有实时硬件融合处理算法的运算速度影响不大,是一种环境适应性强的自然感彩色融合处理算法。     

奇异值非线性修正的低对比度红外图像实时增强

由于场景中目标与背景的温差相对较小,红外图像会存在对比度低、视觉效果差的问题,针对这一问题,提出一种基于奇异值非线性修正的红外图像对比度实时增强方法。该方法首先对红外图像进行奇异值分解得到其原始奇异值,然后采用一个对数型非线性变换对图像奇异值进行优化,最后根据修正的奇异值重构出对比度增强的红外图像。利用对数型非线性变换修正图像奇异值不仅能够有效拉伸奇异值的动态范围,同时可优化奇异值的变化梯度,使图像的能量信息得到更充分地表达,改善红外图像不良的视觉效果。实验结果表明,该方法较几种对比方法在视觉效果和客观评价方面均具有更优的增强性能;同时体现出良好的实时性,为实现红外图像的实时增强提供了新途径。     

红外景象模拟器的测试方法探讨

红外景象模拟器是检验红外制导系统性能的半实物仿真试验系统的关键设备,其性能关系到半实物仿真试验的可信度。介绍了一种对各种不同类型的红外景象模拟器的动、静态辐射特性进行测试的通用方法,通过理论分析得出了红外景象模拟器的一些基本性能参数,这些工作将对红外景象模拟器的研制和改进具有一定的指导意义。     

Infrared image enhancement with learned features

Due to the variation of imaging environment and limitations of infrared imaging sensors, infrared images usually have some drawbacks: low contrast, few details and indistinct edges. Hence, to promote the applications of infrared imaging technology, it is essential to improve the qualities of infrared images. To enhance image details and edges adaptively, we propose an infrared image enhancement method under the proposed image enhancement scheme. On the one hand, on the assumption of high-quality image taking more evident structure singularities than low-quality images, we propose an image enhancement scheme that depends on the extractions of structure features. On the other hand, different from the current image enhancement algorithms based on deep learning networks that try to train and build the end-to-end mappings on improving image quality, we analyze the significance of first layer in Stacked Sparse Denoising Auto-encoder and propose a novel feature extraction for the proposed image enhancement scheme. Experiment results prove that the novel feature extraction is free from some artifacts on the edges such as blocking artifacts, “gradient reversal”, and pseudo contours. Compared with other enhancement methods, the proposed method achieves the best performance in infrared image enhancement.     

Multi-window visual saliency extraction for fusion of visible and infrared images

Fusion for visible and infrared images aims to combine the source images of the same scene into a single image with more feature information and better visual performance. In this paper, the authors propose a fusion method based on multi-window visual saliency extraction for visible and infrared images. To extract feature information from infrared and visible images, we design local-window-based frequency-tuned method. With this idea, visual saliency maps are calculated for variable feature information under different local window. These maps show the weights of people’s attention upon images for each pixel and region. Enhanced fusion is done using simple weight combination way. Compared with the classical and state-of-the-art approaches, the experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach runs efficiently and performs better than other methods, especially in visual performance and details enhancement.     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

一种基于灰度变换的红外图像增强算法

针对红外图像，采用双门限分割法进行图像分割，然后采用分段灰度变换法进行图像增强。根据具体图像，通过人机交互的方式确定2个阈值，将图像分割为目标区、过渡区和背景区3部分；按照每一部分的特点，设计不同的灰度变换，对图像进行分段线性增强，得到感兴趣目标区的最佳视觉效果。通过对16位红外图像进行实验，得到了满意的结果。实验表明,该算法灵活便捷，在增加对比度和去除噪声的同时，还抑制了背景，达到了预期的效果。