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1.
以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/硝酸钕[Nd(NO3)3]溶液(碳酸钠溶液)所组成的反相微乳液为反应介质, 采用微乳液溶剂热法合成了Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O, 并考察了水/核比([H2O]/[CTAB])和Nd(NO3)3的浓度对其形貌和尺寸的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 热分析(DSC-TGA)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的晶型、 形貌及尺寸进行了表征, 并提出了不同形貌Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O形成的可能机理. 结果表明, 随着水/核比的增大, Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的形貌从多面体变成鱼尾状, 再变成针状; 随着Nd(NO3)3浓度的增大, 针状Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的尺寸逐渐减小.  相似文献   

2.
采用简单的化学偏聚法合成出Ag3PO4纳米颗粒、磷酸钴(Co3(PO42,CoP)纳米片以及它们两者的纳米复合结构(CoP/Ag3PO4),同时还比较了它们的可见光催化活性. 采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱以及光致发光谱等手段对其形貌、结构、光学以及可见光催化性能等进行表征. 结果表明,CoP/Ag3PO4复合纳米结构的可见光降解甲基橙(MO)的速率和循环稳定性均明显优于其它两种物质. 这表明CoP应该起着共催化剂的作用,它能够抑制光生电子与空穴之间的复合,并且提供大量高活性的光生空穴. 此外,我们还发现CoP/Ag3PO4降解另一种阳离子型染料——罗丹明B(RhB)的能力则远不如纯Ag3PO4,这可能是与光催化剂的表面性质发生改变有关,造成更低的RhB吸附能力. 本文提供了一种廉价制备高效可见光催化剂的新方法.  相似文献   

3.
溶胶-凝胶法制备Li3V2(PO4)3及其性能研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
0引言具有类NASICON结构的Li3V2(PO4)3是继过渡金属氧化物LMO后的一种新型的锂离子二次电池正极材料。与目前市场上应用最为广泛的正极材料LiCoO2相比,Li3V2(PO4)3具有超常的稳定性,即使在脱出的Li 与过渡金属原子的物质的量之比大于1的时候仍然具有超乎寻常的稳定性,而通常情况下1mol LiCoO2在脱出0.5mol Li 就会变得不稳定。并且Co是一种战略物资,全球储量十分有限;Co也是一种有毒金属,对于环境污染较为严重。LiNiO2因其合成较为困难而使应用受限,尖晶石LiMn2O4虽然属于环境友好型化合物,但其理论比容量仅为148mAh·g-1,且…  相似文献   

4.
(ZrO2)0.92(Gd2O3)0.08纳米晶的水热合成及其烧结体的电性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周丽  马桂林  陶为华 《无机化学学报》2003,19(11):1163-1168
用新制备的(Gd,Zr)(OH)x·yH2O共沉淀作前驱体,在强碱性介质中用水热法合成了(ZrO2)0.92(Gd2O3)0.08纳米立方晶,考察了反应温度、pH值等水热反应条件对纳米晶粒大小的影响。将(ZrO2)0.92(Gd2O3)0.08  相似文献   

5.
刘荣梅  马桂林  周丽  陈蓉 《化学学报》2005,63(6):491-496
以湿化学法制得Zr(OH)4和Sm(OH)3的共沉淀为前驱体, 在碱性介质中用水热法合成了(ZrO2)0.86(Sm2O3)0.14及(ZrO2)0.88(Sm2O3)0.12纳米粉体. 将纳米粉体在较低温度(1450 ℃)下烧结制得了致密的固体电解质陶瓷样品, 比通常高温固相反应法采用的烧结温度(>1600 ℃)降低了150 ℃以上. XRD测定结果表明, (ZrO2)0.86(Sm2O3)0.14纳米粉体及其烧结体均为立方相, 但(ZrO2)0.88(Sm2O3)0.12纳米粉体为立方相, 它的烧结体为立方相和单斜相的混合相. 用交流阻抗谱法、氧浓差电池法及氧泵(氧的电化学透过)法研究了(ZrO2)0.86(Sm2O3)0.14陶瓷样品在600~1000 ℃下的离子导电特性. 结果表明, 该陶瓷样品在600~1000 ℃下氧离子迁移数为1, 氧离子电导率的最大值为3.2×10-2 S•cm-1, 是一个优良的氧离子导体; 它的氧泵性能明显地优于YSZ.  相似文献   

6.
采用优化的高温固相方法制备了稀土离子Eu3+和Tb3+掺杂的La7O6(BO3)(PO42系荧光材料,并对其物相行为、晶体结构、光致发光性能和热稳定性进行了详细研究。结果表明,La7O6(BO3)(PO42:Eu3+材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出红光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于616 nm处,为5D07F2特征能级跃迁,Eu3+的最优掺杂浓度为0.08,对应的CIE坐标为(0.610 2,0.382 3);La7O6(BO3)(PO42:Tb3+材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出绿光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于544 nm处,对应Tb3+5D47F5能级跃迁,Tb3+离子的最优掺杂浓度为0.15,对应的CIE坐标为(0.317 7,0.535 2)。此外,对2种材料的变温光谱分析发现Eu3+和Tb3+掺杂的La7O6(BO3)(PO42荧光材料均具有良好的热稳定性。  相似文献   

7.
Li3V2(PO4)3的溶胶-凝胶法合成及其性能研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
以LiOH·H2O、NH4VO3、H3PO4和柠檬酸等为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂离子二次电池正极材料磷酸钒锂(Li3V2(PO4)3)。考察了煅烧温度和配位剂种类等条件对产物组成及电化学性能的影响。研究了优化条件下制得样品的循环伏安、充放电性能和循环性能。0.1 C条件下,样品首次放电比容量达129.81 mAh·g-1,经过100次循环后容量几乎没有衰减,仍保持在128 mAh·g-1。X射线衍射研究表明合成单一Li3V2(PO4)3晶体所需温度比固相法低;并考察了循环20次后材料充电到各个单相的晶体结构,通过X射线衍射和最小二乘法计算给出了其晶胞参数变化过程,证实了循环嵌Li过程中晶体结构能够得到重现。  相似文献   

8.
采用溶胶凝胶法合成了Nasicon化合物Li3V2(PO4)3, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)对产品进行了物相分析. 采用充放电测试, 循环伏安(CV)研究了化合物的电化学性能和锂离子的脱嵌过程, 计算出Li在固相中的扩散系数(10-8 cm2•s-1); 采用交流阻抗测试(EIS)研究了Li3V2(PO4)3的电极过程; 对两种类型的阻抗图谱提出不同等效电路模型并对结果进行了拟合; 研究了Li3V2(PO4)3电极过程动力学以及新鲜电极界面在充放电过程中的变化特性.  相似文献   

9.
采用溶胶凝胶法合成了Nasicon化合物Li3V2(PO4)3, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)对产品进行了物相分析. 采用充放电测试, 循环伏安(CV)研究了化合物的电化学性能和锂离子的脱嵌过程, 计算出Li在固相中的扩散系数(10-8 cm2•s-1); 采用交流阻抗测试(EIS)研究了Li3V2(PO4)3的电极过程; 对两种类型的阻抗图谱提出不同等效电路模型并对结果进行了拟合; 研究了Li3V2(PO4)3电极过程动力学以及新鲜电极界面在充放电过程中的变化特性.  相似文献   

10.
(ZrO2)1-x(Yb2O3)x (x=0.07, 0.09, 0.11) nanocrystallites were hydrothermally prepared in basic media by using co-precipitated Zr(OH)4 and Yb(OH)3 as precursor. The nanocrystallites have small particle sizes of 5.8~7.5 nm, narrow size distribution, less agglomeration and high sinterability. The oxide-ionic conduction properties of the prepared ceramics were investigated by means of AC impedance spectroscope, oxygen concentration cell at 600~1 000 ℃. The results show that the ceramic with x=0.09 is superior to the ceramics with x=0.07 and 0.11 in oxide-ionic conduction.  相似文献   

11.
本文研究了镧石型碳酸镨钕[(PrNd)2(CO33·8H2O,LPN]在95℃的不同起始pH值的溶液中陈化不同时间所得样品的XRD衍射图,证明所得样品为碱式碳酸镨钕[(PrNd)(OH)(CO3),BPN]。为此,详细研究了这一相态转变的反应条件以及粒子特征变化。结果表明:LPN是由片状或条状结晶连生而成的聚集体,具有大的粒度和小的堆密度。当在热的水溶液中陈化时,由于水解反应而发生由LPN向BPN的相转变。这一相转变可以在95℃下pH=7以上的溶液中发生,其转化率随起始溶液pH值的升高和陈化时间的延长而增大。随着相转变的进行,溶液的pH值开始下降明显,而后趋于平缓。相应地,大的团聚体颗粒解散成小的单个粒子,导致粒度减小,分布变窄,氯根含量降低和堆密度的增大。而且,这些变化直接与溶液pH值和陈化时间相关。据此,发展了一种新的制备具有高堆密度、低氯根含量、细粒度和窄分布的新方法,而且通过改变相转变条件可以方便地调谐颗粒特征。  相似文献   

12.
镧石型碳酸镨钕[(PrNd)2(CO3)3·8H2O,LPN]在95℃的不同起始pH值的溶液中陈化不同时间所得样品的XRD衍射图证明了LPN向碱式碳酸镨钕[(PrNd)(OH)(CO3),BPN]的相态转变。为此,详细研究了这一相态转变的反应条件以及粒子特征变化。结果表明:LPN是由片状或条状结晶连生而成的聚集体,具有大的粒度和小的堆密度。当在热的水溶液中陈化时,由于水解反应而发生由LPN向BPN的相转变。这一相转变可以在95℃下pH=7以上的溶液中发生,其转化率随起始溶液pH值的升高和陈化时间的延长而增大。随着相转变的进行,溶液的pH值开始下降明显,而后趋于平缓。相应地,大的团聚体颗粒解散成小的单个粒子,导致粒度减小,分布变窄,氯根含量降低和堆密度的增大。而且,这些变化直接与溶液pH值和陈化时间相关。据此,发展了一种新的制备具有高堆密度、低氯根含量、细粒度和窄分布的新方法,而且通过改变相转变条件可以方便地调谐颗粒特征。  相似文献   

13.
The structures of the oxyorthogermanate La2(GeO4)O and the apatite-structured La9.33(GeO4)6O2 have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data. La2(GeO4)O crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell (P21/c) and is cation stoichiometric in contrast to previous reports. La9.33(GeO4)6O2 crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell (P63/m) and the powder diffraction data show anisotropic peak broadening that is observed in electron diffraction patterns as incommensurate diffuse spots at hkq reciprocal planes (with q=1.6-1.7) and can be attributed to a correlated disorder in the “apatite channels”. This compound was doped up to a nominal composition close to M2La8(GeO4)6O2 with M=Ca, Sr, Ba. The dopant ions preferentially occupy the 4f sites as the number of La vacancies decreases. The measured ionic conductivity of La9.33(GeO4)6O2 is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than for La2(GeO4)O at high temperatures and decreases with increasing dopant content from the highest value of about 0.16 S cm−1 at 1160 K.  相似文献   

14.
用液相反应-前驱物烧结法制备了Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3粉体。298~1 073 K的原位粉末X射线衍射数据表明Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3的晶胞体积随温度的升高而增大, 本征线热膨胀系数分别为(1.274±0.003)×10-6 K-1和(1.612±0.003)×10-6 K-1。用热膨胀仪研究了Cr2(WO4)3和Cr2(MoO4)3在静态空气中298~1 073 K范围内热膨胀行为,即开始表现为正热膨胀,随后在相转变点达到最大值,最后表现为负热膨胀,其负热膨胀系数分别为(-7.033±0.014)×10-6 K-1和(-9.282±0.019)×10-6 K-1。  相似文献   

15.
王非  塔娜  李勇  申文杰 《催化学报》2014,35(3):437-443
通过调节溶液的pH值,在水热条件下合成出长径比为2-45的La(OH)3纳米棒. 对水热合成过程中间体的结构演变分析,发现高碱度有利于小尺寸晶核的形成,La(OH)3晶体结构的各向异性导致这些晶种沿着C轴方向生长,进而形成纳米棒结构. 将La(OH)3纳米棒前驱体于773 K焙烧可以得到长径比为2-20的La2O2CO3纳米棒. 随着长径比的增加,La2O2CO3纳米棒暴露的(110)晶面逐渐增加,La3+-O2-碱性位的数目也从0.08增加到0.24 mmol/g. 因此,在Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应中,La2O2CO3纳米棒催化剂上的反应速率随着长径比的增加而逐渐增大.  相似文献   

16.
We present an efficient way to search a host for ultraviolet (UV) phosphor from UV nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. With the guidance, Na3La2(BO3)3 (NLBO), as a promising NLO material with a broad transparency range and high damage threshold, was adopted as a host material for the first time. The lanthanide ions (Tb3+ and Eu3+)-doped NLBO phosphors have been synthesized by solid-state reaction. Luminescent properties of the Ln-doped (Ln=Tb3+, Eu3+) sodium lanthanum borate were investigated under UV ray excitation. The emission spectrum was employed to probe the local environments of Eu3+ ions in NLBO crystal. For red phosphor, NLBO:Eu, the measured dominating emission peak was at 613 nm, which is attributed to 5D0-7F2 transition of Eu3+. The luminescence indicates that the local symmetry of Eu3+ in NLBO crystal lattice has no inversion center. Optimum Eu3+ concentration of NLBO:Eu3+ under UV excitation with 395 nm wavelength is about 30 mol%. The green phosphor, NLBO:Tb, showed bright green emission at 543 with 252 nm excited light. The measured concentration quenching curve demonstrated that the maximum concentration of Tb3+ in NLBO was about 20%. The luminescence mechanism of Ln-doped NLBO (Tb3+ and Eu3+) was analyzed. The relative high quenching concentration was also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
The La1/3Zr2(PO4)3 NASICON-type compound (S.G. - neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments) is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), in order to study locally the lanthanum distribution. An irreversible structural transformation is observed, without modification of the atomic content and cell size, as soon as the phase is illuminated by the electron beam. The progressive disappearance of the spots which do not check the R conditions on the SAED patterns is clearly shown along two zone axis, [001] and [100]. This transformation implies the displacement of the two La3+ cations in a preserved classical [Zr2(PO4)3] network. This interesting behavior is in good agreement with the La3+ ionic conductivity observed in La1/3Zr2(PO4)3 (4.09×10−7 S cm−1 at 700 °C). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a complete TEM study is done on a NASICON-type phase.  相似文献   

18.
The two new compounds, Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O (1) and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As2O5-H2O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å3, Z=4 for 1; space group P42/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å3, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu2+-(XO4)3− layers (X=P5+, As5+) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb2+, or Ag+) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu2O8 centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ4 tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu2O8 centrosymmetric dimers of CuO5 edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O4 tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.  相似文献   

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