聚乙烯吡啶树脂对富马酸的吸附性能研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了聚乙烯吡啶树脂(PVP)对富马酸的吸附性能。结果表明,该树脂对富马酸的吸附等温线同时满足Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程;在无机盐存在下,与大孔强碱性树脂D204、弱碱树脂D308相比,PVP吸附富马酸的性能几乎不受无机盐的影响。D204树脂吸附富马酸是离子交换作用,D308树脂通过Lewis作用和静电作用吸附富马酸,而PVP树脂对富马酸的吸附行为是氢键所致,吸附为放热过程且能够自发进行。     

富马酸二异丙酯—富马酸二正庚酯共聚物的合成与气体透过性能

自Bengough等用自由基引发聚合的方法首次得到了较高分子量的聚富马酸二乙酯后,有关富马酸酯(DRFs)类单体的聚合反应及其结构性能已进行了许多研究。结果表明,这类单体的聚合物在聚合反应活性、聚合物结构及性能等方面均有某些独特的性质,如聚富马酸二异丙酯(PDiPF)和聚富马酸二特丁酯(PDtBF)两种聚合物具有良好的氧氮透过性。我们曾研究十几种DRFs单体的聚合反应,得出非正烷基酯基的单体如富马酸二异丙酯(DiPF),富马     

固体超强酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯的研究

研究了以ZrO2／SO42-固体超强酸催化富马酸和甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯的反应，表征了催化剂的物化性质，探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对收率的影响。催化剂的重复使用实验表明：ZrO2／SO42-是富马酸二甲酯合成的较适宜的催化剂。     

腺嘌呤与富马酸共晶体的太赫兹光谱分析

利用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术在室温下对腺嘌呤、富马酸及两者的共晶体进行测量, 实验结果显示腺嘌呤与富马酸共晶体在0.92、1.24、1.52 THz处有明显的吸收峰, 与腺嘌呤和富马酸不同, 表明共晶体物相结构不同于原料. 根据腺嘌呤分子氢键供体与受体的结构特点, 使用密度泛函理论(DFT)对腺嘌呤与富马酸三种可能的共晶体结构进行模拟. 结果显示其中一种可能的共晶体结构在0.89、1.16、1.41 THz处存在特征吸收峰, 与实验结果较好吻合. 由此判断腺嘌呤与富马酸共晶体氢键形成位置为腺嘌呤的氨基与富马酸其中一个羧酸的碳氧双键形成氢键, 而此羧酸的羟基与腺嘌呤六元环上的邻位氮原子形成第二处氢键. 本文还结合理论模拟的结果对腺嘌呤与富马酸共晶体的特征吸收峰对应的相关振动模式进行了归属.     

固体酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯的研究

富马酸二甲酯是80年代国内外研究开发的新型防腐防霉剂^[1],具有毒性低,耐热性能好,能在pH=3~8范围内使用等特点,广泛用于食品、饲料、粮食、化妆品、纺织品、制药等行业。因其用量小,毒性低,在国外已广泛被使用,特别是在饲料方面。目前,生产上合成富马酸二甲酯多以硫酸和盐酸或磷酸和盐酸的混合酸为催化剂,在马来酸(或顺酐)和甲醇反应体系中进行异构酯化而制得。然而用硫酸盐酸混合酸做催化剂对设备严重腐浊,污染环境,后处理麻烦,且易发生副反应。本文采用固体酸催化剂 HZSM-5分子筛,用顺酐与甲醇反应,一步催化合成富马酸二甲酯,并对其反应机制作了推理。     

粘土类干燥剂中富马酸二甲酯的GC-MS测定

富马酸二甲酯是八十年代开发的新型防霉防腐剂,因其具有化学稳定性好、广谱、作用时间长及适用pH范围宽等特点,被广泛用于食品、饲料、化妆品等各个行业中[1].由于富马酸二甲酯在常温下具有升华的特性[2],因此在家具、服装、食品中广泛应用的颗粒状粘土类干燥剂中,也常常添加富马酸二甲酯,以赋予干燥剂高效的防霉防腐功能.     

富马酸十六醇酯-苯乙烯二元共聚物柴油低温流动改进剂的合成、表征及性能评价(英文)

以富马酸和十六醇为原料、对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、对苯二酚为阻聚剂、甲苯为溶剂,采用直接酯化法制备了富马酸十六醇酯单体（DHF）;以富马酸十六醇酯和苯乙烯为聚合单体、过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备了富马酸十六醇酯-苯乙烯二元共聚物（FOS）。用IR、¹H-NMR对DHF单体及FOS共聚物进行了表征,分析了张家港0# 柴油和胜利海科5# 柴油的正构烷烃分布,考察了共聚物的降滤效果,讨论了降滤作用机理。结果表明,当添加剂量为0.1%时,FOS能使张家港0# 柴油冷滤点降低6℃,胜利海科柴油5# 柴油冷滤点降低3℃;FOS对不同柴油表现出了不同的感受性;与2种商业降凝剂复配后,表现出良好的协同效应,作为商业降凝剂的优良助剂,FOS具有一定的应用前景。     

米根霉胞内氨基酸的高效液相色谱测定及其代谢途径分析

建立了米根霉胞内代谢物提取方法定量评价体系,用100％甲醇作为提取剂获得对米根霉胞内能荷物质最佳的提取效果.用HPLC法建立了米根霉产富马酸体系胞内18种氨基酸的含量测定方法.采用异硫氰酸苯酯( PITC)作为柱前衍生化试剂,所有氨基酸在28 min内洗脱完毕.以Sepax AA柱(250 nn×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,以0.1 mol/L醋酸钠(pH 6.5)-乙腈(93∶7,V/V)为流动相A,乙腈-水( 80∶ 20,V/V)为流动相B,梯度洗脱.18种氨基酸在1.87～45.3 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.991;加标回收率在96.3％～102.7％之间;相对标准偏差在1.6％～2.9％之间.运用本方法测定不同发酵时间米根霉胞内氨基酸的含量,得到其在发酵过程中的变化趋势,并结合氨基酸代谢途径分析了该发酵条件下富马酸产量偏低的原因.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成富马酸二乙酯的研究

以富马酸和乙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠作催化剂合成富马酸二乙酯。用正交实验讨论了最佳合成条件:反应温度130℃,n(乙醇)∶n(富马酸)=4∶1,时间6h,催化剂用量为富马酸质量的5.0%,酯化率达93.5%。该法操作简单,酯化率较高,催化剂可回收利用。     

强碱性树脂IRA-400对富马酸吸附性能的研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了强碱性树脂IRA-400对富马酸的吸附性能。结果表明,该树脂与弱碱性树脂IRA-94相比,受pH值影响较小,在pH=3.5时,该树脂对富马酸具有较好的吸附性能,其静态饱和吸附容量为1.466mmol/g湿树脂;该树脂对富马酸的吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程,在298.15K,308.15K和318.15K下的相关系数R2均大于0.99,方程的特征参数n1,属"优惠吸附";吸附过程ΔG0,ΔS0,ΔH0,表明此反应过程是放热的,自发进行的,降低温度有利于吸附反应的发生;吸附动力学研究表明,IRA-400树脂对富马酸的吸附过程主要受液膜扩散控制。     

Production of fumaric acid with immobilized biocatalysts

Immobilization ofRhizopus arrhizus mycelium improved fumaric acid production. The optimum conditions for fumaric acid production with immobilized cells were investigated using a statistical experimental design. Substrate concentration, carbon:nitrogen ratio, and residence time were chosen as independent variables. In the repeated batch shake flask fermentation, the fumaric acid yield from xylose was as much as 3.5 times higher with immobilized mycelium than with free mycelium. Polyurethane foam cubes, in this case, gave better results than nylon net cubes as a carrier.     

Production of fumaric acid using rice bran and subsequent conversion to succinic acid through a two-step process

The fungal production of fumaric acid using rice bran and subsequent bacterial conversion of succinic acid using fungal culture broth were investigated. Since the rice bran contains abundant proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, it is suitable material that fungi use as a nitrogen source. The effective concentration of rice bran to produce fumaric acid was 5 g/L. A large amount of rice bran caused excessive fungal growth rather than enhance fumaric acid production. In addition, we could produce fumaric acid without the addition of zinc and iron. Fungal culture broth containing appro × 25 g/L of fumaric acid was directly employed for succinic acid conversion. The amount of glycerol and yeast extract required for succinic acid conversion was reduced to 70 and 30%, respectively, compared with the amounts cited in previous studies.     

Fermentative production of chemicals that can be used for polymer synthesis

The fermentative production of chemicals that can be used as monomers for the synthesis of polymers has become an important topic in biotechnology research because of the limited nature of petroleum and environmental issues. In particular, the fermentative production of metabolites such as dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, and diols, which are suitable as building blocks for subsequent polymerization, has attracted much attention. Various wild-type and metabolically engineered microorganisms have been developed for the efficient production of these chemicals from renewable resources. In addition, the development of fermentation strategies to achieve the highest possible productivities has been another focus of research, considering that these monomers should be produced at costs low enough to compete with petroleum-derived ones. In this paper, the metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of such important monomers including succinic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, propan-1,2-diol, and propan-1,3-diol are reviewed. In addition, the metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for their production are reviewed.     

Enhancement of Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae Using a Two-stage Dissolved Oxygen Control Strategy

Batch fermentative production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae ME-F12 was investigated in a 7-l stirred tank fermentor under different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. High fumaric acid yield on glucose (0.56 g/g) was achieved under high DO concentration (80%), but the glucose consumption rate and fumaric acid productivity were rather low (0.91 and 0.51 g/l/h). Fumaric acid productivity was enhanced under low DO concentration (30%), but the fuamric acid yield on glucose decreased to 0.52 g/g. In order to achieve the high fumaric acid yield and productivity simultaneously, a two-stage dissolved oxygen control strategy was proposed, in which the DO concentration was controlled at 80% in the first 18 h and then switched to 30%. This was experimentally proven to be successful. Relatively high fumaric acid production (56.2 g/l), high fumaric acid yield on glucose (0.54 g/g), and high glucose consumption rate (1.3 g/l/h) were achieved by applying this strategy. The productivity (0.7 g/l/h) was improved by 37%, 21%, and 9%, respectively, compared with fermentations in which DO concentrations were kept constant at 80%, 60%, and 30%.     

Production of l-malic acid via biocatalysis employing wild-type and respiratory-deficient yeasts

Succinic acid was produced efficiently from fumaric acid by a recombinantE. coli strain DH5αt/pGC1002 containing multicopy fumarate reductase genes. The effects of initial fumaric acid and glucose concentration on the production of succinic acid were investigated. Succinic acid reached 41 to over 60 g/L in 48.5 h starting with 50 to 64 g/L fumaric acid. Significant substrate inhibition was observed at initial fumaric acid concentration of 90 g/L. L-Malic acid became the major fermentation product under these conditions. Provision of glucose (5-30 g/L) to the fermentation medium stimulated the initial succinic acid production rate over two folds.     

Formulation approach for nicorandil pulsatile release tablet

The purpose of this study was to obtain a nicorandil pulsatile release tablet that has a well-regulated release lag time. When nicorandil is used as an antiangina drug, administration time control is important. A pulsatile release tablet is one of the effective approaches to modified release to reduce daily administration frequency. In this study, a pulsatile release tablet of nicorandil was formulated by fumaric acid dry coating around the core tablet including nicorandil. The model tablets, which had different content ratios of excipients in the dry-coating layer, were characterized by a dissolution test. The results showed that the release lag time was generated with fast release profiles. Various lag time controls of tablets were achieved, from 60 to 310 min on average, by variation of outer layer composition. From an analysis of the relation between lag times and outer layer composition, the key ingredient for prolongation of lag time was found to be fumaric acid. To analyze the lag time generation mechanism, water penetration for tablet was measured. The results indicated that the penetration depth was proportionate to the square root of time and the lag time formation mechanism was simple water penetration through the matrix of fumaric acid to the tablet core. The results also showed that the Washburn equation could be used to design the lag time of the pulsatile release tablet in this study. In conclusion, novel release control technology using fumaric acid was appropriate to obtain a nicorandil pulsatile release tablet that has well regulated lag time.     

Food Waste Fermentation to Fumaric Acid by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizopus arrhizus RH7-13</Emphasis>

Fumaric acid as a four-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is widely used in the food and chemical industries. Food waste (FW), rich in carbohydrates and protein, is a promising potential feedstock for renewable bio-based chemicals. In this research, we investigated the capability of Rhizopus arrhizus RH7-13 in producing fumaric acid from FW. The liquid fraction of the FW (L-FW) was proven to be the best seed culture medium in our research. When it was however used to be fermentation medium, the yield of fumaric acid reached 32.68 g/L, at a volumetric production of 0.34 g/L h. The solid fraction of FW mixed with water (S-FW) could also be used as fermentation medium when a certain amount of glucose was added, and the yield of fumaric acid reached 31.26 g/L. The results indicated that both fractions of FW could be well utilized in fermentation process and it could replace a part of common carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient. The process has an application potential since reducing the costs of raw materials.     

Enhanced Fumaric Acid Production from Brewery Wastewater and Insight into the Morphology of Rhizopus oryzae 1526

The present work explores brewery wastewater as a novel substrate for fumaric acid production employing the filamentous fungal strain Rhizopus oryzae 1526 through submerged fermentation. The effects of different parameters such as substrate total solid concentrations, fermentation pH, incubation temperature, flask shaking speed, and inoculum size on the fungal morphologies were investigated. Different morphological forms (mycelium clumps, suspended mycelium, and solid/hairy pellets) of R. oryzae 1526 were obtained at different applied fermentation pH, incubation temperature, flask shaking speed, and inoculum size. Among all the obtained morphologies, pellet morphology was found to be the most favorable for enhanced production of fumaric acid for different studied parameters. Scanning electron microscopic investigation was done to reveal the detailed morphologies of the pellets formed under all optimized conditions. With all the optimized growth conditions (pH 6, 25 °C, 200 rpm, 5 % (v/v) inoculum size, 25 g/L total solid concentration, and pellet diameter of 0.465?±?0.04 mm), the highest concentration of fumaric acid achieved was 31.3?±?2.77 g/L. The results demonstrated that brewery wastewater could be used as a good substrate for the fungal strain R. oryzae 1526 in submerged fermentation for the production of fumaric acid.     

Über alkylierte Amide bicyclischer Dicarbonsäuren, 4. Mitt.:

It has been found that nitrogen-containing functional derivatives of fumaric acid can act under certain conditions as dienophiles in Diels-Alder reactions. A decisive influence of the solvent has been established. The adducts of cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene with fumaric acid amide and several N-substituted fumaric acid diamides are described. Some of the adducts have been hydrogenated to the saturated compounds.     

固载杂多酸SiW_(12)/C催化合成富马酸二甲酯

用自制的固体杂多酸催化剂SiW12 /C进行催化酯化合成富马酸二甲酯 (DMF) .探讨了催化剂用量、醇 /酸比、反应时间、反应温度等动力学条件对合成DMF的影响 .确定了合成DMF的最佳合成工艺条件 :醇 /酸物质的量比为 6∶1,催化剂用量为富马酸质量的 2 .5 % ,反应时间 7.0h ,反应温度为回流温度 ,酯化率可达 90 .6 % .结果表明 ,该催化剂催化活性高 ,可重复使用 ,后处理容易 ,生产成本低且无三废污染 .