ИЗОТОПЫ ФТОРА F19 И F21 В МОДЕЛИ НИЛЬССОНА

Energy levels and electromagnetic properties of fluorin isotopes in the Nilsson's model with Coriolis mixing are investigated. Position of the F¹⁹ levels is satisfactorily explained up to the energy of 4·5 MeV. Concerning the F²¹ it seems that the shell model will better correspond to the F²¹ nucleus.

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. , .     

Systematic study of muon transfer to sulphur dioxide

In a systematic study of the transfer process to sulphur dioxide, in seven different H₂ + SO₂ gas mixtures, the time spectra of the muonic sulphur X-rays yield muon transfer rates to the SO₂ molecule, deduced from the lifetimes of the p atoms, which agree all well with each other. The muonic oxygen time spectra show an additional structure as if p atoms of another kind were present. Reduced transfer rates_O are reproducible if one uses the model of ephemeral p atoms. The intensity ratios between the different kinds of p atoms are also discussed in the framework of this model and the one of black and white p atoms.     

Intersubjectivity,relativistic covariance,and conditionals: response to C. I. J. M. Stuart

A misunderstanding persists between Stuart and me, which I do my best to clarify. Bayesian inverse subjectivities versus relativistic covariance and physical intersubjectivity are discussed. A joint number of chances formalism taking care of the propagation of the probability of causes is proposed.     

Mean-Field Critical Behavior for the Contact Process

The contact process is a model of spread of an infectious disease. Combining with the result of ref. 1, we prove that the critical exponents take on the mean-field values for sufficiently high dimensional nearest-neighbor models and for sufficiently spread-out models with d>4:()– _c as _c and ()( _c–)^–1 as _c, where () and () are the spread probability and the susceptibility of the infection respectively, and _c is the critical infection rate. Our results imply that the upper critical dimension for the contact process is at most 4.     

Atomic versus ionized states in many-particle systems and the spectra of reduced density matrices: A model study

We study the spectrum of appropriate reduced density matrices for a model consisting of one quantum particle (electron) in a classical fluid (of protons) at thermal equilibrium. The quantum and classical particles interact by a shortrange, attractive potential such that the quantum particle can form atomic bound states with a single classical particle. We consider two models for the classical component: an ideal gas and the cell model of a fluid. We find that when the system is at low density the spectrum of the electron-proton pair density matrix has, in addition to a continuous part, a discrete part that is associated with atomic bound states. In the high-density limit the discrete eigenvalues disappear in the case of the cell model, indicating the existence of pressure ionization or a Mott effect according to a general criterion for characterizing bound and ionized electron-proton pairs in a plasma proposed recently by M. Girardeau. For the ideal gas model, on the other hand, eigenvalues remain even at high density.     

Photo-luminescence and growth defects in ZnS: Cu monocrystals

The paper describes microscopic investigation into the spectral distribution of photo-luminescence and its polarization on hexagonal ZnS monocrystals in relation to the structural defects of such crystals. These observations, as well as birefringent observations, show that the values of the birefringence and the degree of polarization in different stripes of the same crystal are the same within the limits of observational errors.

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ZnS: Cu

ZnS . , , , .

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In conclusion the author would like to thank K. Pátek, L. Souková and M. Mokonová for providing the monocrystals and for fruitful discussions.     

Double quantum transitions in paramagnetic resonance

The theory of double quantum transitions of the M=±2 type, with regard to inhomogeneously broadened spin systems is studied in this paper with the approximation ²T₂T₃ 1. We suppose that the inhomogeneous broadening is formed by an inhomogeneous crystal field. The obtained results describe the magnitude of absorption as a function of the h.f. power and also describe the shape of the absorption curve. It is demonstrated that in inhomogeneously broadened spin systems the absorption curve of double quantum transitions has the form of the difference of two different Lorentz's curves and that at the saturation ( ²T₂T₁ 1) the absorption increases with the cube of the h.f. field intensity. The shape of the curves is expressed by means of phenomenological relaxation constants of the system.

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M=±2 ²T₂T₃ 1. , - . . , ( ²T₂T₁ 1) . .

     

Polarization of photo-luminescence of ZnS: Cu monocrystals

Different models of luminescence centres are discussed on the basis of measurements of the composition of ZnS monocrystal photo-luminescence in different polarizations and temperature dependence of the degree of polarization. Those of the models submitted by Birman, which assume the polarization to be due to the different force of the oscillators for transitions withEc andEc, or models assuming luminescence polarization to be due to the orientation of the luminescence centres, agree with the results of experiments, i.e. the temperature independence of the degree of polarization and the conformable spectral composition of both polarizations. It is also shown that measurements made up to now of the degree of polarization must be taken as orientational as a consequence of the depolarizing influence of the diffused rays of luminescence on its value.

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ZnS: Cu

ZnS , . , . . , , , E E, , . , , - .

     

The first and second nearest neighbour Cr3+ pairs in ruby

The irreducible representations of the states of the first and second nearest neighbour Cr³⁺ pairs in ruby were deduced from the known states of the single ions by the group theoretical method of induction. The summetry selection rules and polarizations for electric dipole radiation are discussed.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Sonderforschungsbereich 65 Frankfurt-Darmstadt.     

The phonon spectrum of high energy heat pulses generated in thin metal films

The phonon spectrum of high energy heat pulses (10⁴W/cm²) generated by current pulses in thin evaporated metal films was studied in ruby by time resolved optical spectroscopy. The experiments show that the population temperature of the phonon states rises with rising phonon energies in accordance with theoretical predictions of Perrin and Budd [1, 2]. The thermalization of the phonon spectrum needs a time of approximately 900 µs in ruby flushed with cold helium gas.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB65     

ЗАТУХАНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЧАСТИЦ В ОБЩЕМ ПОЛЕ С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ I

, , . , . .

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The damping of particle oscillations in a general field with periodic structure I

A liner theory is derived, discussing the dynamics of particles in the region of an equilibrium orbit in a general electromagnetic field, which forms a periodic system. The total particle damping is determined from the Hamiltonian found and from dissipative forces brought out by a classical reaction radiation. Relations for the damping of the synchrotron oscillations are derived from the study of the appropriate phase space.

     

Instead of particles and fields: A micro realistic quantum “smearon” theory

A fully micro realistic, propensity version of quantum theory is proposed, according to which fundamental physical entities—neither particles nor fields—have physical characteristics which determine probabilistically how they interact with one another (rather than with measuring instruments). The version of quantum smearon theory proposed here does not modify the equations of orthodox quantum theory: rather it gives a radically new interpretation to these equations. It is argued that (i) there are strong general reasons for preferrring quantum smearon theory to orthodox quantum theory; (ii) the proposed change in physical interpretation leads quantum smearon theory to make experimental predictions subtly different from those of orthodox quantum theory. Some possible crucial experiments are considered.     

Wave chaos in quantum systems with point interaction

We study perturbations of the quantized version ₀ of integrable Hamiltonian systems by point interactions. We relate the eigenvalues of to the zeros of a certain meromorphic function . Assuming the eigenvalues of ₀ are Poisson distributed, we get detailed information on the joint distribution of the zeros of and give bounds on the probability density for the spacings of eigenvalues of . Our results confirm the wave chaos phenomenon, as different from the quantum chaos phenomenon predicted by random matrix theory.SFB 237 Essen-Bochum-Düsseldorf     

On the equivalence of different order parameters for Ising ferromagnets

In a recent note Barber showed, for a spin-1/2 Ising system with ferromagnetic pair interactions, that some critical exponents of the triplet order parameter _{i j k} are the same as those of the magnetization _i . Here we prove such results for all odd correlations and dispense with the requirement of pair interactions. We also prove that the critical temperatureT _c , defined as the temperature below which there is a spontaneous magnetization, is for fixed even spin interactionsJ _e independent of the way in which the odd interactionsJ _o approach zero from above. This is achieved by using only the simplest, Griffiths-Kelley-Sherman (GKS), inequalities, which apply to the most general many-spin, ferromagnetic interactions.Research supported in part by NSF Grant #MPS 75-20638.     

Nonstationary quantum mechanics. I. Time-irreversible noninstantaneous self-reduction to a stationary state of some quantal wave packets

It is shown that the formalism of quantum theory needs modification in the case of potential fields swiftly varying with time. The necessity of a time-irreversible master equation for such cases is discussed.The underlying idea is that any (sub)system will undergo a spontaneous transition to a state of definiteenergy in the process of separating spatially from the rest of the universe, assuming the universe is isolated and has a definite energy. This requires what might be termed a pragmatic interpretation of the wave function: If a composite, separated system is represented by a linear superposition of product states, we may say that the actual state of the composite system is represented by some particular component of the superpositionfor the purposes of statistical inferences relevant to each subsystem alone, but the entire superposition—and not the corresponding mixture of the product components—must be used to compute the statistics of correlations. The considerations are illustrated with thought experiments which are real enough to make the application of the usual quantum mechanical formalism possible. Cases of disagreement between conventional theory and experiment in the field of interest are indicated.     

ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕ СКОГО ДИПОЛЯ НАД ГРАН ИЦЕЙ ДВУХ СРЕД

, , . , - - . - . -, - , . , - ; , , .     

СМЕШАННАЯ КРАЕВАЯ ЗА ДАЧА ПЛОСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ УПРУГОСТИ ДЛЯ КОЛЬЦА

: , — . -. - , , , .     

ПОГЛОЩЕНИЕ И РАССЕЯНИЕ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ NaCl ∶ Ni

NaCl Cd [10]. , NaCl Ni , .

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Absorption and dispersion on NaCl Ni crystals

The results of measuring the absorption and dispersion of light on NaCl Cd crystals were compared with the X-ray diffraction measurements by Toman [10]. The comparison showed that under certain conditions micro-regions of segregated impurities are produced in NaCl Ni crystals, apparent in an increased dispersion of light in the ultra-violet region.

     

Stationary states of an electron in the field of a hole in an ionic crystal

An approximate solution is given of the Schrödinger equation for S-states of an electron in the field of a hole, when the potential energy of the electron has the form — e²/r [1+exp (–qr].

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s- , –e²/r [1+exp (–qr].

     

Some Remarks on a Nongeometrical Interpretation of Gravity and the Flatness Problem

In a nongeometrical interpretation of gravity,the metric g(x) = + (x)is interpreted as an effective metric, whereas(x) is interpreted as afundamental gravitational field, propagated in spacetime which isactually flat. Some advantages and disadvantages of suchan interpretation are discussed. The main advantage isa natural resolution of the flatness problem.