改进溶胶-凝胶法固定酶结构剖析及在苯酚光化学传感器中的应用

通过光学显微镜比较了用密闭老化法和浸涂法制备的溶胶凝胶膜的表面状态,从实验上证实了用密闭老化法制备的溶胶凝胶膜不会破裂;并用透射电子显微镜观察了包埋辣根过氧化物酶的溶胶凝胶膜的内部结构.结果表明,酶固定于溶胶凝胶中后,与在溶液中一样,呈均匀分布且不易流失.此敏感膜可用于制备基于化学发光强度减弱的苯酚光化学传感器;用竞争反应的原理讨论了响应机理.     

全固态复合碳纤维氧化钨pH传感器的研制及应用

采用电化学修饰法制备了一种可直接测定固体、半固体及糊状物表面和内部pH值的传感器,并对该传感器的制备工艺、性能、测试条件和干扰物的影响进行了讨论.结果表明:该传感器内阻低,响应时间快(小于25 s),测量范围广(pH 2 ～12),准确度高,重复性好,响应斜率为60.01 mV/pH.该传感器除了能用于传统领域外,还可用于临床检测、食品加工、生物化工等领域.     

基于分子印迹技术的Ru（bpy）2+3/MWCNTs-Nafion-SiO2纳米粒子电化学发光传感器高效检测17β-雌二醇

17β-雌二醇等环境内分泌干扰物在水体中分布广、浓度低,对生态系统及人体危害性大。本研究在金电极表面通过多壁碳纳米管( MWCNTs)的静电吸附作用与Nafuon膜的离子交换作用结合纳米二氧化硅( SuO2),固定化Ru( bpy)2＋3,制备Ru( bpy)2＋3/MWCNTs-Nafuon-SuO2修饰电极,提高了修饰电极的灵敏性。通过溶胶-凝胶法制备分子印迹膜提高修饰电极的选择特异性,制得分子印迹-电化学发光传感器( ECL-MIPs)。在优化条件下,即pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,以扫速100 mV/s富集20 mun,对17β-雌二醇进行检测,电化学发光强度与17β-雌二醇浓度在0.03~2.00μg/L范围内有良好线性关系,检出限为0.006μg/L。此传感器可用于实际水样中的17β-雌二醇雌二醇的检测,回收率为88.7%~105.0%。     

季铵盐化纳米金刚石-肌红蛋白修饰电极的电化学行为

通过一系列的化学反应对纳米金刚石(ND)表面进行修饰,成功制备了季铵盐化纳米金刚石:ND-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3+·I-(QAS-ND),通过FT-IR、元素分析、电化学等手段对目标产物QAS-ND进行了表征。将肌红蛋白(Mb)与QAS-ND混合液滴加在玻碳(GC)电极表面,制备QAS-ND/Mb/GC修饰电极。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)中,固定在膜内的Mb表现出良好的直接电化学性质,并显示了很好的稳定性。同时,探讨了此修饰电极表面固定的Mb对H2O2的催化还原,结果表明,此修饰电极可作为H2O2生物传感器,实现对H2O2的快速、准确检测,检出限为3.5μmol/L(S/N=3)。     

基于脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖固定酶的葡萄糖传感器

制备了脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖(d-KGM)的溶胶-凝胶,用红外光谱表征了其脱乙酰基前后的结构转化.探讨了d-KGM溶胶-凝胶的制备条件对其成膜性能及酶固定化的影响.在此基础上将d-KGM用于电极表面葡萄糖氧化酶的固定,制备了相应的葡萄糖传感器,并对传感器的工作条件进行了优化.所制备的传感器灵敏度为240 nA/mmol/L,线性范围为0.1～8 mmol/L,表观米氏常数KM为19.6 mmol/L,稳定性好,寿命长.实验结果表明d-KGM是一种可用于生物传感器中酶固定化的优良材料.     

酞菁修饰的磁性二氧化硅纳米管制备及其应用

报道了以阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板, 采用两种不同方法合成外表面氨基功能化的磁性二氧化硅纳米管(Outer-NH2-magnetic silica nanotubes, outer-NH2-MSNs), 并将该纳米管与红区荧光染料四羧基铝酞菁(AlC4Pc)相结合, 制备出对pH敏感的磁性二氧化硅纳米管. 当将AlC4Pc共轭到磁性二氧化硅纳米管的外表面后, 其性质并未发生改变, 仍然保持其水溶液的荧光强度随溶液pH的增加而增强的特性, 因此可用于溶液体系中pH值的检测. 该方法制备的表面功能化的磁性二氧化硅纳米管不仅可以用于pH值的检测, 还可作为新型纳米材料的载体, 有望应用于药物运输及生物标记等多种领域中.     

电位传感器聚(1,2-二氨基苯)膜化学修饰电极——Ⅰ.电极制备方法的研究

本文报道在[NiFe(CN)_6]~(2-/1)化学修饰膜上电化学聚合生成聚(1,2-二氨基苯)膜化学修饰电极的制备方法,实验结果表明该电极制备方法简便、性能稳定、电极电位对溶液pH值变化敏感,在pH4～10范围内电位响应与pH呈直线关系,斜率为54mV,具有作为pH传感器的前景。     

纳米TiO2-x光催化膜中的缺陷结构与性能关系初探

半导体TiO2由于具有较大的禁带宽度(TiO2Eg=3.2eV),常用作光化学降解反应的催化剂.利用溶胶-凝胶技术(Sol-Gel)制备薄膜型光催化剂,特别是在石英板或石英反应管壁上制备纳米级TiO2光催化剂膜已成为这一领域的研究热点[1].制备高活性光催化剂的突出问题是如何增加光生电子与空穴的产额,减少它们的复合几率,同时提高光催化膜的表面吸附能力.本实验采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米级无机非整比TiO2-x膜,经过可控气氛热处理后,可在膜表面形成较多亚稳相氧空位(缺陷),为催化剂膜表面提供了更多的吸附中心和反应活性位,因此表现出较高的光催化反应活性[2].     

基于伴刀豆球蛋白固定过氧化物酶无介体新型生物传感器的研制

以纳米金吸附辣根过氧化物酶,用活化的伴刀豆球蛋白(Con A)将其固定在裸金电极表面,研制成一种新型的无介体辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器。探讨了纳米金的尺寸、组装膜层数、工作电位和pH等实验条件对传感器性能的影响。在pH7.0,外加电压-150mV(vs.SCE)条件下,传感器对H2O2在5.0×10-6~1.2×10-2mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为2.9×10-6mol/L。将传感器用于实际样品的测定,结果良好。     

TiO2纳米粒子膜的表面态性质及其光催化活性的研究

TiO₂纳米粒子膜催化剂光催化降解水中污染物,与粉末相比具有可重复使用、易回收等优点,近年来,在光化学领域受到人们的高度重视^[1～3].膜催化剂的表面性质与其光催化活性直接相关,研究这些性质能够为研制、开发高效催化剂提供理论依据.本文采用TiCl₄水解法,制备了酸性、碱性条件下TiO₂纳米粒子膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X-射线衍射谱(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)和场诱导表面光电压谱(EFISPS)测定其表面微结构.考察了它们对苯酚降解的光催化活性,讨论了膜催化剂的表面性质对光催化活性的影响.     

固定酚红的交联聚乙烯醇光化学pH敏感膜

An optical pH sensitive membrane for optical pH sensors has been developed by covalently immobilizing phenol red on optical transparent cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） membrane surfaces. The phenol red was first reacted with acrylamide to form a product of acrylamide grafted phenol red （AAGP）, then the AAGP was covalently immobilized to the PVA membrane via surface grafting-polymerization using Fe^2＋/H2O2 as initiator. The performance of the pH sensitive membrane was investigated and the results showed that the pH sensitive membrane has some features including a linear response scope from pH 6.5 to 8.5 closed with phenol solution, a rapid response time （〈：20 s）, good reproducibility, reversibility, excellent stability and easiness of fabrication. These show that the pH sensitive membrane can be used as a sensitive layer for optical pH sensor.     

A wide pH range optical sensing system based on a sol-gel encapsulated amino-functionalized corrole

The synthesis of a new compound, 10-(4-aminophenyl)-5,15-dimesitylcorrole, and its application for the preparation of optical chemical pH sensors is described. The dye materials were immobilized in a sol-gel glass matrix and characterised upon exposure to aqueous buffer solutions. The response of the sensor is based on the fluorescence intensity changing of corrole owing to multiple steps of protonation and deprotonation. Due to its containing several proton sensitive centers, the 10-(4-aminophenyl)-5,15-dimesitylcorrole based optode shows a wider response range toward pH than that of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPH(2)) and 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (H(3)(tpfc)). It shows a linear pH response in the range of 2.17-10.30. The effect of the composition of the sensor membrane has been studied and the experimental conditions were optimized. The optode showed good reproducibility and reversibility, and common co-existing inorganic ions did not show obvious interference to its pH measurement.     

邻甲酚酞甲醛缩合物及其纤维素膜的pH敏感性

介绍了一种制备pH值致变色的纤维素膜材料的新方法,其关键技术在于首先将邻甲酚酞与甲醛反应生成邻甲酚酞甲醛低分子量缩合物(CPF),然后再沿用物理“包埋”的方法将其固定在二醋酸纤维素膜中.最后,放入0.1mol LNaOH溶液中水解24h,以增加亲水性,减少响应时间,得到的是一种固定有CPF的水解二醋酸纤维素膜(CPF HCDA).测试表明该膜在pH=8.0～13.0范围内具有很好的pH值致变色性能;平衡响应时间快,约为2～30s;在碱液中贮存6个月后,吸光度损失仅为5%,长期稳定性好.该膜可以用作pH值光纤传感膜材料和重复使用的pH值指示材料,以替代传统的小分子酚酞及一次性的酚酞指示试纸.     

Fabrication of an optical sensor based on the immobilization of Qsal on the plasticized PVC membrane for the determination of copper(II)

A novel optical sensor has been proposed for sensitive determination of Cu(II) ion in aqueous solutions. The copper sensing membrane was prepared by incorporating Qsal (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-anthra[2,1-d]imidazole-6,11-dione) as ionophore in the plasticized PVC membrane containing tributyl phosphate (TBP) as plasticizer. The membrane responds to Cu(II) ion by changing color reversibly from yellow to dark red in acetate buffer solution at pH 4.0. The proposed sensor displays a linear range of 6.3 × 10^?7?1.00 × 10^?4 M with a limit of detection of 3.3 × 10^?7 M. The response time of the optical sensor was about 3?C5 min, depending on the concentration of Cu(II) ions. The selectivity of the optical sensor to Cu(II) ions in acetate buffer is good. The sensor can readily be regenerated by hydrochloric acid (0.1 M). The optical sensor is fully reversible. The proposed optical sensor was applied to the determination of Cu(II) in environmental water samples.     

Polymeric liquid membrane electrodes incorporated with macrocyclic hexaamines for screening adenine nucleotides

Lipophilic macrocyclic hexaamines supported by a poly(vinyl chloride) PVC matrix were used for the construction of liquid membrane electrodes sensitive toward adenine nucleotide polyanions. The membrane potential strongly depended on the pH of the sample solution. This phenomenon occurs due to the ability of the ionophore to accept protons. Therefore, the optimum pH was determined based on potential pH profile. The potential measurements were carried out at pH 6.0 in the presence of 10(-2) M 2-[N-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. The potential response of these electrodes toward ATP(-4) and/or HATP(-3) was close to the Nernstian slope. The selectivities against ADP(-3), AMP(-2), HPO(4)(-2), and monovalent inorganic anions were estimated using the matched potential method. Chloride ions slightly affected potential response of the electrodes toward ATP(-4)/HATP(-3). The influence of ionophore chemical structure on the selectivity and the sensitivity of these electrodes is briefly discussed.     

Application of nanostructure ZnLI2 complex in construction of optical pH sensor

This is for the first time that application of complex nanostructure is reported as pH indicator in PVC matrix. This new optical pH sensor was constructed based on incorporation of ZnLI₂ complex nanostructure in PVC matrix. The synthesized nanostructure ZnLI₂ complex was characterized by SEM and XRD technique. The membrane solution was speared on the glass plate to provide thin film and the membrane surface morphology was investigated via field emission scanning microscope (FE‐SEM) technique. Central composite design (CCD) combined with desirability function (DF) was applied to find the best experimental composition of membrane providing the highest absorbance. These conditions were found in correspondence with 3 mg of pH indicator, 3 mg of ionic additive and 1.5 mg/mg of DBP/PVC weight ratio. Under optimum conditions, the proposed pH sensor has two linear working ranges of 4 ‐ 8 at 393 nm (R² = 0.9897) and 5 ‐ 8 (R² = 0.9982) at 570 nm with response time of 4 min. The pK_a of proposed pH optical sensor was calculated through three methods that found to be 5.63. The present optical sensor shows stability after 2 months without any significant divergence in response properties (less than 5% RSD). Furthermore, current pH optode was exhibited good repeatability (RSD = 1.14%) as well as reproducibility (RSD = 4.06%). No significant variation was observed on sensor response with increasing the ionic strength in the range of 0.0–0.5 M of sodium chloride. All above features indicated that the proposed sensor can be successfully used for detection of pH in solutions with different ionic strength.     

Sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers for chemical sensing

We report for the first time on the preparation of organically-doped room temperature processed sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers as platforms for chemical- and bio-sensors. Micron scale optical fibers are drawn from fluorescent dye-doped tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-derived sol-gel solution processed under ambient conditions. Such a simple methodology to entrap organic and even bioactive species within the optical fiber offers many advantages over more conventional ways of immobilizing organic probes for the development of optical sensors. Specifically, we report on the photophysical properties of fluorescein (a pH sensitive fluorescent dye) and rhodamine 6G (R6G; laser dye) entrapped within sol-gel-derived optical fibers. We present the preliminary results on the viability of such doped optical fibers for chemical sensing. Our results demonstrate that a fluorescein-doped sol-gel-derived optical fiber responds to ammonia and acid vapors with a response time of 1–2 seconds.     

Conjugated carbazole dimer as fluorescence carrier for preparation of iodine-sensitive chemical sensor

The carbazole derivative, 9-ethyl-3-carbazylidene carbazole hydrazone (ECCH) with two conjugated carbazole rings have been applied as a fluorescence carrier for preparation of an iodine sensitive optical chemical sensor. The response of the sensor is based on quenching of the fluorescence of ECCH by iodine. The conjugated carbazole dimer based sensor shows a linear response toward iodine in the concentration range 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ at pH of 7.0. The effect of composition of the sensor membrane was studied, and the experimental conditions were optimized. Most commonly coexisting ions do not interfer with the iodine assay. The sensor shows sufficient repeatability, selectivity, operational lifetime of two months and a fast response of less then 50 s. The sensor has been used for determination of iodine in water samples.     

Optical pH sensor based on Calcon immobilization membrane

An optical pH sensor was developed by immobilizing Calcon on a porous cellulosic polymer film. The color of the membrane in acidic to basic medium changes from pink to blue, which can be used for determination of pH by spectrophotometry. The sensor response to the pH changes at two wavelengths 510 and 670 nm was investigated. The optical sensor can be used for repetitive and reversible pH measurement in the pH range of 4–9 with a response time of 5 min at 510 nm. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was less than 0.51% for seven times alternative measurements of pH from 7 to 8. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of pH in tap and waste water samples.     

Copper(II)-selective fluorimetric bulk optode membrane based on a 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone derivative having two propenyl arms as a neutral fluorogenic ionophore

A new optical chemical sensor has been developed for the selective determination of copper(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The reversible sensing system was prepared by incorporating 1-hydrpxy-2-(prop-2'-enyl)-4-(prop-2'-enyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) as a neutral Cu2+-selective fluoroionophore in the plasticized PVC membrane with potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl borate) as an anionic additive. The response of the sensor is based on the fluorescence quenching of AQ by Cu2+ ions. At a pH 5.5, the proposed sensor displays a calibration response for Cu2+ over a wide concentration rang of 1.0 x 10(-2) to 1.0 x 10(-6) M, with a relatively fast response of less than 40 s. In addition to high stability and reproducibility, the sensor shows a unique selectivity towards Cu2+ ion with respect to common co-existing cations. The proposed fluorescence optode was applied successfully to the determination of copper(II) in black tea samples.