双面对称角度楔形镜的超光滑表面加工方法

对两个通光面均为超光滑表面的双面对称角度楔形镜的加工提出了一种新工艺方法,并根据零件的特点对工艺方法进行了改进。利用组合楔板工装、粘接上盘等方式对零件进行成盘加工,不仅使零件的角度、厚度得到了很好的保证,而且还避免了光胶上盘对已加工表面的损伤,使通光面的疵病、面形、粗糙度、一致性等指标有很大的改善,超光滑表面粗糙度rms均优于0.2 nm (AFM测量),表面疵病达到0级,角度精度达到15,一次交检合格率达到85%以上,有效地解决了生产中的瓶颈问题。     

高精度楔形棱镜加工中的检测技术北大核心CSCD

棱镜广泛应用于各种光学系统中。实际应用中,仅有部分具有特定角度的棱镜能够达到较高的形位精度,主要受到这类光学元件加工过程中检测能力的限制。对一个非特殊夹角的楔形棱镜,提出粗加工和精加工过程的加工工艺和检测方法。该楔形棱镜最终达到的精度为:有效口径内面形误差PV值优于0.2λ(1λ=632.8nm),楔角误差和塔差优于5″。结果表明加工工艺和检测方法,可以实现楔形棱镜的高精度制造,对于其他夹角的此类光学元件制造也能提供有效指导。     

减小薄板玻璃工件研磨变形的研究

针对薄板玻璃刚度差，在研磨中易产生变形这一特点，探讨了减小其变形的不同方法。我们用传统的上盘法粘结固定工件进行加工，工件在下盘前面形精度较好，能满足要求（在２５ｍｍ×２５ｍｍ面积上的平面度为０．０５μｍ），但在下盘后产生的变形使其面形精度下降，在２５ｍｍ×２５ｍｍ面积上的平面度为０．２μｍ，已不能满足要求。采用真空吸附法国固定工件，消除了工件在粘结过程中由于温度变化产生的变形，而且在研磨过程中又设法减小对工件施加的压力，从而减小了工件在研磨过程中产生的变形，使加工后的工件面形与加工过程中的面形接近，这就保证了工件的面形精度。     

大口径高精度方形平面光学元部件的研制

采用环行抛光技术是实现大尺寸、高面形精度和细表面粗糙度要求的方形或长方形平面元件批量化加工的一条有效途径。介绍了利用环行抛光工艺实际制作了两块 32 0mm× 32 0mm× 35mm和 32 0mm× 32 0mm× 48mmUBK7材料的工艺实验样品。加工结果是 ,透射元件获得了镀膜后双次透射波前 0 2 93λ(P V ,λ =0 632 8um )和反射元部件的反射波前 0 2 2λ(P V ,λ =0 632 8um )的结果。     

LIGO计划用大尺寸蓝宝石晶体光学均匀性和弱吸收获得进展

报道了113mm× 70mm蓝宝石晶体块的光学加工精度、光学均匀性和弱吸收等方面研究所取得的最新进展。晶体整个表面加工精度达到 3个光圈 (峰谷值约为 1 6 6 6λ) ;晶体的透过波前畸变为 1个光圈 (峰谷值约为0 5 84λ) ;在紫外波段的透过大于 80 % ,可见及红外光区的透过大于 86 % ;晶体的弱光吸收系数为 35× 10 - 6 cm～ 6 5× 10 - 6 cm。     

光学材料折射率和色散的高精度测量技术研究

本文探讨了在一般精度的测角仪器上达到高精度测量折射率和色散的新原理和新方法,这些新原理和方法包括:光学角规补偿法测色散、直角照射法、自准封闭式最小偏向角法。通过实际大量的测量工作证明在1″测角仪(测角精度为3″)和测微望远镜上,上述原理方法都可以达到△n~±3×10~(-6),△(n_λ_1-n_λ_2)~±2×10~(-6)的精度。     

读者信箱

答读者(1)什么叫弹性上盘?什么叫刚性上盘?它们有什么优缺点?弹性上盘法是指粘结零件的火漆层具有较大厚度的一种上盘法,火漆层的厚度在最薄处约为零件直径的0.1～0.2左右。刚性上盘法又称硬胶法,是指零件和夹具间的粘结只使用较薄(0.03～0.3毫米)的火漆层的上盘法。为了胶盘方便,在胶球模上还制有不同形状和尺寸的专用承座、槽座和垫块,以支承零件。     

基于轻量化校准反射镜的旋转平移干涉绝对检验技术

光学干涉绝对检验技术能够实现参考面和待测面面形的有效分离,是对干涉仪进行精度标定的有效手段。面向大口径平面干涉仪的校准需求,旋转平移法仅需一块透射平晶和一块反射平晶,避免了额外加工第3块平晶的成本和难度。但随着口径的增大,自重和支撑使得反射平晶在平移和旋转多种状态下的变形较大,继而影响绝对检验精度。提出设计轻量化的校准反射镜作为反射平晶,采用旋转平移法实现大口径干涉仪的绝对检验。以Φ1 500 mm平面干涉仪作为标定需求,采用碳化硅作为校准反射镜材料,以三角形轻量化结构和6点背部支撑方式进行轻量化设计,控制其质量仅为93 kg,支撑和重力引入的面形变形PV值为9.75 nm。将变形面形叠加至PV值λ/4、不同分布的加工面形进行旋转平移绝对检验仿真计算,对旋转对称程度低且包含较多高频成分的面形,检验精度为λ/30;而对分布平滑对称的面形,检验精度可达到λ/50。因此,为了实现对于大口径平面干涉仪λ/50精度的标定目标,要求碳化硅校准反射镜加工面形PV值低于λ/4,尽量避免高频成分,旋转对称程度高。     

Φ520mmF/1.6椭球面反射镜加工

介绍了一块Φ520mm大相对孔径(F/1.6)轻量化椭球面反射镜的加工与检测方法。镜面的有效口径为Φ502mm,顶点曲率半径为1600mm,非球面系数k=-0.9663,面形精度要求优于0.025λ(RMS)。镜子背面有54个大小深浅不一的不通孔,用于减轻镜子的重量。采用WYKO干涉仪检测得到镜面面形误差达RMS0.02λ,λ=632.8nm。     

空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分束器楔形误差分析

由于空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中分束器加工精度的限制,分束器基片会存在一定的楔形误差。通过对光束在分束器中传播特性的分析,计算得到楔形误差的楔角引入的光程差改变,进而获得干涉光强和复原光谱与楔角之间的函数关系;通过数值仿真发现,楔形误差会导致复原光谱中谱线向低频方向发生频移,并且会降低光谱的分辨率。通过理论分析,得到波数精度与光谱分辨率所对应的楔角误差容限。针对于楔形误差导致的干涉图像光强分布变化,提出了利用离散光谱序列解线性方程组的光谱校正方法,取得了满意的光谱校正效果。     

LD抽运的折叠腔Nd∶YVO4/KTP倍频红光激光器

对LD端面抽运的Nd∶YVO₄/KTP腔内倍频激光器的三镜折叠腔结构进行优化设计,研究了总腔长、输入镜曲率半径和Nd∶YVO₄和KTP晶体的热效应对激光谐振腔的稳定区域、Nd∶YVO₄晶体内基模光束半径的影响。实验结果表明:该方法所得出的结论与理论相吻合。在实验中比较了折叠腔不同折叠角度的红光输出功率,并获得了最佳折叠角度为25°,其有效倍频效率为10.8%。最后使用基频光的偏振特性与KTP的相位匹配之间的关系对实验结果进行理论解释。     

Investigation of Nd:YVO4/YVO4 composite crystal and its laser performance pumped by a fiber coupled diode laser

Thermal effect control is critical to scale the output power of diode end-pumping solid lasers to several watts up and beyond. Diffusion bonding crystal has been demonstrated to be an effective method to relieve the thermal lens for the end-pumping laser crystal. The temperature distribution and thermal lens in Nd:YVO₄/YVO₄ composite crystal was numerically analyzed and compared with that of Nd:YVO4 crystal in this paper. The end-pumping Nd:YVO₄/YVO₄ composite crystal laser was set up and tested with z cavity. The maximum output power of 9.87 W at 1064 nm and 6.14 W at 532 nm were obtained at the pumping power of 16.5 W. The highest optical-optical conversion efficiencies were up to 60% at 1064 nm and 40% at 532 nm, respectively.     

Study on optical characteristics of Nd:YVO4/YVO4 composite crystal laser

Thermal effect in crystals is the main obstacle blocking diode-pumped solid state laser to get high and stable output power. Diffusion bonding crystal has been demonstrated to be an effective method to relieve the thermal lensing theoretically based on the numerical heat analysis to the end-pumped anisotropic laser crystal. The temperature distributions in Nd:YVO4/YVO4 composite crystal and conventional crystal were analyzed and compared. The end-pumped Nd:YVO4/YVO4 composite crystal laser was designed and set up with z-cavity. The maximum output powers of 9.87 W at 1064 nm and 6.14 W at 532 nm were obtained at the incident pump power of 16.5 W. The highest optical-optical conversion efficiencies were up to 59.8% at 1064 nm and 37.2% at 532 nm respectively.     

飞秒相干态相位差分光谱学

 理论上证明了测量脉冲对激发的相干态布居等价于测量单脉冲激发的感应极化,能同时获得瞬态相干光学过程的振幅与相位信息,发展了双通道飞秒脉冲对实验技术,提出了相位差分光谱实验方法。研究了半导体GaAs和稀土材料的飞秒相干态动力学过程,根据自相关曲线和样品信号的关系得到相位光谱。理论拟合得液氮温度下GaAs的激子退相时间为190fs;单晶Nd:YVO₄和粉末Nd:YAG 4f电子在室温下的退相时间为300fs。并研究了液氮温度下稀土材料原子核波包的动力学过程。     

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Lensing in End-pumped Nd:YVO4 Crystal Using a New Simple Approach

The stability of linear planar resonators involved in solid-state lasers is entirely decided by the thermal lens of the laser crystal. There exists a critical point between stable state and unstable state at which the thermally focusing point falls on the surface of one end mirror. Based on this fact, a new method for measuring the thermal focal length has been presented, and applied to three different Nd3+-doped (2%, 0.8%, and 0.5% ) Nd:YVO4 crystals at various absorbed pump power levels up to 10 W, the results show a good agreement with those of theoretical calculation. It also indicates that the thermal lensing is strongly dependent on the Nd3+-doped concentration, and is affected by crystal surface temperature, especially in the situation of weak thermal lensing.     

An efficient and high polarized single cavity Nd:YVO4 microchip laser

An efficient and high polarized microchip green laser with dual Nd:YVO4 crystals is reported. The microchip includes a half-monolithic Nd:YVO4-KTP chip and a second Nd:YVO4 crystal. With two 1 W diode lasers pumped, the output power of TEM₀₀ green laser is 430 mW, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is nearly 21.5 %, when the c-axes of second Nd:YVO4 crystal rotated to 90° from the half-monolithic chip, the polarization ratio of output green laser is 130:1. This laser has the advantages of being simple and easily attainable at a low cost, and suitable for batch production.     

Nd:YAG晶体板条低透射波前误差加工技术

针对高平均功率固体激光器对Nd:YAG晶体板条的技术需求,进行了Nd:YAG晶体板条低透射波前误差加工技术研究。详细分析了光学加工过程中引起板条端面透射波前畸变的误差来源,并提出工艺技术解决方案。实验结果表明,在板条抛光阶段通过采用合成盘硬抛光工艺以及新的工件装夹技术,能够解决传统板条加工工艺在面形及楔角精度方面可控性差的问题,更容易实现Nd:YAG晶体板条的低透射波前误差加工。对于150mm×30mm×2.5mm规格的Nd:YAG晶体板条元件,端面透射波前畸变PV值达到0.74λ。     

Sol–gel based anti-reflection coatings on wedged laser rods using a spin coater

Anti-reflection (AR) sol–gel coatings are deposited on wedge glass optics for high-power lasers using spin coating technique. Characterization of these coatings on BK-7 glass substrates is carried out in terms of thickness profile across the surface, thickness variation w.r.t. wedge angle, and its effect on AR coating reflectivity, at different wedge angles from 1° to 7°. Results of the study are used to deposit AR coatings on inclined end faces of Nd:phosphate glass laser rods.     

Thermal Lensing, Laser Performance at 1.06 μm and 0.53 μm of a NYAB Laser End-pumped by a Diode-laser-array

The thermal lensing, output characteristics of an end-pumped NYAB laser with high pump power levels and operated at the fundamental wavelength, and the manner of self-frequency-doubling, have been investigated. The thermal lensing in the NYAB crystal was found to be significantly stronger than that in Nd:YVO4 crystal. A maximum output of 3.2 W at 1.06 μm was achieved with an optical conversion efficiency of 29.1％ and an average slope efficiency of 37.5％. These results were found to be slightly inferior to those of Nd:YVO4 crystal. When operated in the fashion of selffrequency-doubling, 23 mW green output was obtained at the incident pump power of 5 W, such inefficient operation was attributed to the large mode size in the NYAB crystal.     

折叠腔内腔倍频激光器中基频与谐波相对相位对输出功率的影响

对折叠腔内倍频激光器基频与谐波的相对相位对倍频光输出功率的影响进行了理论分析,并在实验上采用全固体化LD泵浦Nd:YVO₄+KTP折叠腔内腔倍频激光器,利用光楔的色散作用调节腔内基频与谐波的相对相位,得到了倍频光输出随基频与谐波相对相位呈余弦函数平方的变化,验证了理论结果,为消除大功率激光器中相对相位的影响,提高输出功率提供了一种简单实用的方法.