缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的量子热力学性质

引入局域热平衡概念，用Damour-Ruffini方法和薄膜模型研究了缓变动态Kerr-Newman黑洞的Hawking辐射和熵.得到了黑洞的Hawking温度和辐射谱公式，Hawking温度随时间和视界面上的位置而变化，辐射谱为准黑体谱；计算了黑洞熵，当取与静态球对称黑洞情况相同的截断关系时便得到了黑洞的Bekenstein-Hawking熵.结果表明，缓变动态黑洞的温度是局域量，缓变动态黑洞的熵与稳态黑洞情况一样正比于黑洞视界面面积. 关键词： 缓变动态黑洞 Hawking辐射 黑洞熵     

变加速直线运动黑洞的量子热效应

给出了作变加速直线运动的蒸发黑洞的辐射温度。此温度不仅随时间变化,而且在视界的同时面上不是常数。这种黑洞的视界位置随时间变化,而且形状不是球对称的。 关键词：     

变加速直线运动黑洞中Weyl中微子的Hawking辐射

利用推广的乌龟坐标变换法研究了作变加速直线运动的Kinnersley黑洞中Weyl中微子的量子 热效应，导出了局部的事件视界面方程和Hawking温度以及中微子的热辐射谱.结果表明视界 的位置和温度不仅随时间变化，而且明显依赖于方位角. 关键词： Hawking辐射 Weyl中微子 动态Kinnersley黑洞 广义乌龟坐标变换     

任意加速运动的Kerr黑洞热辐射

给出了作任意加速运动同时又作转动的动态Kerr黑洞的辐射温度和视界面方程,视界面不再是球面.辐射温度与辐射谱分布不仅随时间变化,而且与空间方位角有关. 关键词：     

起源于引力场的Vaidya-Bonner-de Sitter黑洞的量子熵

利用brick-wall模型研究了引力场对Vaidya-Bonner-de Sitter黑洞熵的量子修正.当黑洞事 件视界不随超前时间变化时，结果与Reissner-Nordstrm-de Sitter黑洞的量子熵完全相 同.     

用新乌龟坐标变换研究动态Kerr黑洞的Hawking辐射

本文用一种新的乌龟坐标变换和改进的Damour-Ruffini方法研究了动态Kerr黑洞的Hawking辐射,得到了随时间和纬度角而变化的局域温度和具有准黑体谱形式的Hawking辐射谱.其结果与采用通常的乌龟坐标变换所得结果有所不同,而通常的乌龟坐标变换在量纲上存在一定的问题,本文的结果也许更为合理. 关键词： Hawking辐射 动态Kerr黑洞 改进的Damour-Ruffini方法 新乌龟坐标变换     

双束黑洞靶辐射特性实验研究

本文着重介绍在“神光”装置上两路对打黑洞靶辐射特性实验研究。利用两台配置时标装置的亚千电子伏能谱仪(Dante)进行时间关联测量,分别监测双束靶吸收转换区和内爆压缩区泄漏X光谱脉冲波形、辐射能谱、辐射温度、辐射时间谱及其辐射温度随时间变化关系。同时进行了大量不同型号黑洞靶实验,给出吸收转换区辐射温度随注入激光能量面密度变化的关系曲线及其定标关系式。实验中,首次把掠入射平面反射镜用于亚千X光能谱测量,并取得预想的结果。     

对动态缓变Reissner-Nordström黑洞量子辐射特征的研究

考虑到Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞的质量M和荷电量Q随时间t缓慢变化的情况,研究了此黑洞的量子辐射特征.结果表明,在动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom时空中荷电Dirac粒子的量子热辐射谱与其黑洞蒸发率及随时间t缓变的M(t)和Q(t)等因素有关;动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞量子非热辐射的最大能量与量子热辐射谱中的化学势相等.     

对动态缓变Reissner-Nordstr(o)m黑洞量子辐射特征的研究

考虑到Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞的质量M和荷电量Q随时间t缓慢变化的情况,研究了此黑洞的量子辐射特征.结果表明,在动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom时空中荷电Dirac粒子的量子热辐射谱与其黑洞蒸发率及随时间t缓变的M(t)和Q(t)等因素有关;动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞量子非热辐射的最大能量与量子热辐射谱中的化学势相等.     

动态黑洞温度和熵的再讨论

定义新的乌龟坐标，采用薄膜模型，重新计算动态黑洞的温度和熵，解决了动态黑洞熵计算中存在的截断因子不确定问题.以Vaidya黑洞和直线加速运动黑洞为 例，对缓变的动态黑洞的温度和熵进行了重新分析与认识.  关键词： 熵 乌龟变换 截断因子 薄膜模型     

一般Kerr-Newman黑洞的Dirac粒子的Hawking蒸发

本文把极端Kerr-Newman黑洞的Dirac粒子的Hawking蒸发问题推广到一般Kerr-Newman黑洞,并在黑洞的视界附近通过适当的变换找到了静止质量不为零的Dirac方程的有物理意义的解,导出了Hawking热谱公式,从而解决了Dirac粒子在一般Kerr-Newman黑洞背景下的Hawking蒸发问题。 关键词：     

黑洞的温度和熵变化是时间尺度变换的补偿效应

以史瓦西黑洞和Ｖａｉｄｙａ黑洞为例，研究了时间尺度变换的补偿效应．规范势就是仿射联络的缩并．黑洞的熵变化和Ｈａｗｋｉｎｇ温度都可看作补偿场的纯规范势 关键词：     

考虑Hawking蒸发对Schwarzschild时空反作用后的静态球对称度规

由于黑洞具有Hawking辐射，它对时空必有影响(所谓反作用).结合用热力学方法研究黑洞反作用问题所得结果.应用求解考虑辐射场存在时的半经典爱因斯坦场方程.得出考虑Hawking蒸发对Schwarzschild时空反作用后的静态球对称度规.由此所得一切物理结论都是自洽的. 关键词：     

A jet appearing when a black hole event horizon touches the rindler horizon

The Hawking effect of a nonuniformly rectilinearly accelerating Kinnersley black hole is studied. Its horizons are rotationally symmetric. Its Hawking temperature depends not only on the time, but also on the polar angle. When a Kinnersley black hole touches its Rindler horizon, the Hawking temperature at the contact point is reduced to zero. But at the opposite pole of the black hole, the Hawking temperature increases rapidly. A jet appears as a tail of the accelerating black hole.     

Entropy is conserved in Hawking radiation as tunneling: A revisit of the black hole information loss paradox

We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the Schwarzchild black hole, the Reissner–Nordström black hole, the Kerr black hole, and the Kerr–Newman black hole. The special case of tunneling through a quantum horizon is also considered. Within a phenomenological treatment based on the accepted emission probability spectrum from a black hole, we find that information is leaked out hidden in the correlations of Hawking radiation. The recovery of this previously unaccounted for information helps to conserve the total entropy of a system composed of a black hole plus its radiations. We thus conclude, irrespective of the microscopic picture for black hole collapsing, the associated radiation process: Hawking radiation as tunneling, is consistent with unitarity as required by quantum mechanics.     

探讨黑洞Hawking辐射的新方法——量子统计法

将黑洞看作由裸黑洞和二维热力学面(黑洞的视界)组成的正则系综,利用量子统计方法给出黑洞Hawking 辐射的能量谱.找到黑洞辐射温度与熵的关系. 关键词： Hawking辐射 正则系统 量子统计     

Hawking radiation and page curves of the black holes in thermal environment

As realistic objects in the Universe, the black holes are surrounded by complex environment. By taking the effect of thermal environment into account, we investigate the evaporation process and the time evolutions (page curves) of the entanglement entropies of Hawking radiation of various types of black holes. It is found that the black holes with the thermal environments evaporate slower than those without the environments due to the environmental contribution of the energy flux in addition to Hawking radiation. For Schwarzschild black hole and Reissner-Nordström black hole in flat spaces, when the initial temperature of the black hole is higher than the environment temperature, the black holes evaporate completely and the Hawking radiation is eventually purified. For Schwarzschild-AdS black hole, it will evaporate completely and the Hawking radiation is purified when the environment temperature is lower than the critical temperature. Otherwise, it will reach an equilibrium state with the environment and the radiation is maximally entangled with the black hole. Our results indicate that the final state of the black hole is determined by the environmental temperature and the temporal evolution and the speed of the information purification process characterized by the page curve of the Hawking radiation is also influenced by the thermal environment significantly.     

Hawking radiation and tunneling mechanism for a new class of black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity

We study Hawking radiation in a new class of black hole solutions in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory. The black hole has been argued to have vanishing mass and entropy, but finite Hawking temperature. To check if it really emits radiation, we analyze Hawking radiation using the original method of quantization of a scalar field in the black hole background and with the quantum tunneling method, and confirm that it emits radiation at the Hawking temperature. A general formula is derived for the Hawking temperature and backreaction in the tunneling approach. Physical implications of these results are discussed.     

Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞中带电粒子由隧穿导致的Hawking辐射的进一步讨论

以Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞(R-N黑洞)为例，从黑洞热力学定律出发，对R-N黑洞中的带电粒子的量子隧穿效应进行了重新分析.将作用量的虚部重写成黑洞热力学定律的形式后，发现在Parikh工作框架下的量子隧穿效应与黑洞热力学的第一、第二定律有潜在的联系；而且，如果认为量子隧穿过程为可逆过程，则量子隧穿效应中的结果与黑洞热力学第一、第二定律是一致的.换而言之，Parikh的结论只对可逆过程成立. 关键词： Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞 黑洞热力学定律 隧穿 可逆过程