端基含双键的液晶单体的合成

以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯为起始原料，通过醚化和酯化反应合成了系列端基为双键的液晶化合物（d_nm），其结构经¹H NMR， ¹³C NMR， FT-IR和元素分析表征。并采用差热扫描量热仪（DSC）和热台偏光显微镜（POM）研究了其液晶性能。结果表明：目标化合物均为互变性热致向列相液晶单体，且其熔点和液晶相转变温度随烷基碳数（m）增加先增大后减小。     

含二苯并-18-冠-6酰胺型液晶冠醚钾配合物的合成和性质

合成了2个系列酰胺型液晶冠醚钾配合物，配合物的结构通过元素分析、IR、UV-Vis和AAS等方法表征。液晶行为通过DSC、POM、XRD等方法表征。实验结果表明，所有配合物均具有热致液晶性，且随分子末端烷氧基碳原子数增加，其熔点和清亮点呈规律性变化。与配体相比，配合物液晶态温度范围变宽。液晶相态类型发生改变，配体只有近晶相，而配合物既有近晶相，又有向列相。     

含柔性链的液晶双马来酰亚胺／双烯丙基氧基联苯共聚物的合成

合成了含柔性链（Ｃ１０）的液晶双马来酰亚胺与双烯丙基氧基联苯的共聚物，经ＦＴＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜表征了该共聚物的结构及液晶性，结果表明：二者发生共聚反应，且共聚反应快于均聚反应，形成的共聚物具有较好的热致液晶性。     

4,4’-对苯二甲酰基二氧二苯甲酸与脂二醇的共聚及液晶性能研究

以对苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸为起始原料合成了液晶单体4，4’-对苯二甲酰二氧二苯甲酰氯（TOBC），用TOBC分别与癸二醇-1，10，己二醇-1，6，戊二醇-1，5，丁二醇-1，4和乙二醇进行缩聚反应，生成了一系列主链型热致液晶共聚酯。用DSC、热台偏光显微镜和X-射线衍射仪等对合成的共聚酯的液晶行为进行了表征，结果表明，合成的共聚酯均为向列型热致液晶，其液晶温度范围在20℃－68℃之间，并随着脂肪族二醇中亚甲基（CH2）单元的增加，共聚酯的熔融转变温度（Tm）和各向同性温度（Ti）均有规律的变化。表明主链型液晶共聚酯分子中柔性间隔基的大小对共聚酯的液晶性质有着明显的影响。     

新的含T－型二维液晶基元的液晶高分子的合成

采用低温溶液聚合方法，以Ｎ－（２，５－二羟基苯）亚甲基－４－取代苯胺和不同结构的二酰氯为单体，合成了两类新的高分子．聚合物的液晶行为用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射进行了表征，发现其中一类为向列型热致液晶高分子，另一类则无液晶性．随单体结构的改变，聚合物的特性粘数、熔点（Ｔｍ）和液晶态的清亮点（Ｔｉ）均呈现规律性变化。     

含T-型和棒型两种液晶基元的主链型液晶共聚酯的合成和表征

以４，４′（α，ω 癸二酰氧）二苯甲酰氯，２ （４′ 乙氧基苯基）对苯二酚和联苯酚为单体，通过溶液缩聚反应，合成了一系列含Ｔ 型和棒型两种液晶基元的主链型芳族共聚酯．采用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和Ｘ 射线衍射方法研究了共聚物的液晶行为，发现所有聚合物均有很好的热致液晶性且随聚合物中联苯酚用量的改变，共聚物的熔点（Ｔｍ）和液晶态清亮点（Ｔｉ）呈规律性变化．     

冠醚侧链液晶聚硅氧烷配体及其钠配合物的研究

本文以二茂基二氯化铂为催化剂,使含液晶基元的单体4-(烯丙基氧)-4'-(4'-羧基苯并15-冠-5)-α,ω-二苯氧丁烷和聚甲基硅氧烷进行硅氢加成反应,合成了一种新的冠醚侧链液晶聚硅氧烷配体及其钠配合物。采用DSC和偏光显微镜方法研究了单体、配体和配合物的液晶行为,发现它们均具有热致液晶性。     

液晶基元直接横挂于主链上的液晶共聚物研究

以含有液晶基元的单体，２，５－双（４－甲氧基苯甲酰氧基）苯乙烯与丙烯醇，通过自由基共聚合反应，首次合成了一系列含液晶性单体和非液晶性单体两种结构的共聚物．采用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和Ｘ－衍射方法研究了共聚物的液晶行为，发现单体和所有的共聚物均有明显的热致液晶性及较宽的液晶态温度范围；随共聚物中液晶性单体含量增加，共聚物玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ和热分解温度Ｔｄ有所上升，但Ｔｇ的变化较小．     

含二苯并-18-冠-6席夫碱型液晶冠醚钾配合物的合成与表征

以顺(反)-4,4＇-双[4-(4＇-正烷氧基联苯基-4-羧基) 苯亚氨基] 二苯并-18-冠-6（I和II）为配体合成了2个系列席夫碱型液晶冠醚钾配合物,产率分别为85.5%~92.1%和88.7%~90.7%。配合物的结构通过元素分析、IR、UV-Vis和AAS等方法确证。液晶行为通过DSC、POM、XRD等方法表征。实验结果表明,所有配合物均具有热致液晶性,且随分子末端烷氧基碳原子数增加,其熔点和清亮点呈规律性变化。近晶相温度范围渐增,向列相温度范围递减。与配体相比,配合物液晶态温度范围变宽     

液晶基元直接竖挂于主链上的液晶共聚物的研究

合成了含液晶基元的单体，４＋４＇－（对甲氧基－苯甲酰氧基）－苯甲酸氧基］－苯基－甲基丙烯酸酯，以及由此单体与苯乙烯，通过自由基共聚合反应合成了一系列含液晶性和非液晶性两种序列结构的共聚物．采用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和Ｘ－衍射方法研究了共聚物的液晶行为，发现单体和所有的共聚物（除ＣＰ—９外）均有很好的热致液晶性及较宽的液晶态温度范围；随苯乙烯单体单元摩尔百分含量的增加，共聚物的分子量、相转变温度和热失重温度基本上呈下降趋势．通讯联系人０．ｓｇ／ｄｌ的溶液，于４０ｏＣ用乌氏粘度计测定．ｌ·２单体合成合成路线如下：化合物Ｉ、１１、Ｉｌｌ和ＩＶ的制备按文献ｌ’］的方法进行．化合物１、１１、Ｉｌｌ和ＩＶ经元素分析、‘Ｈ—ＮＭＲ和ＭＳ等表征，结果与其化学结构～致．１．３聚合物的合成聚合反应和共聚物结构式表示如下：按单体（ＩＶ）与苯乙烯不同摩尔比，以ＤＭＦ为溶剂，ＡＩＢＮ为引发剂（相当于单体摩尔数的０．５０）．通过封管聚合，在６０ｏＣ水浴中反应３６ｈ，升温至７０ｏＣ反应１２ｈ，抽滤，用ＤＭＦ和甲醇洗，真空干燥．２结果与讨论２．ｌ含液晶基元的单体（Ｉ）化合物１、１１、Ｉｌｌ和ＩＶ经测试分析结果与其化学结构一致．由表１可见，单体?     

Igepal CO系列表面活性剂溶致液晶的结构特性

对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（IgepalCO）系列表面活性剂,生成何种溶致液晶与其EO基团数n有关,而在何浓度范围内生成溶致液晶则与生成溶致液晶的最低水含量及最大水增溶量有关．EO基团数n小于10时,生成层状液晶,n大于10时则生成六角状液晶,层状液晶两亲双层内,水与表面活性剂的最低摩尔比rmin和最高摩尔比rmax随EO基团数n增加分别是非线型增加与线型增加,在IgepalCO520（n＝5）中加入IgepalCO710（n＝10．5）,对层状液晶的生成无显著影响,在IgepalCO710中加入IgepalCO520,则对六角状液晶的生成产生显著影响,出现了六角状液晶向层状液晶的转变。     

Acetylene-containing highly birefringent rod-type reactive liquid crystals based on 2-methylhydroquinone

New highly birefringent reactive liquid crystal materials based on the 2-methylhydroquinone core were designed and synthesised. Rod-type liquid crystal compounds bearing photo-crosslinkable reactive group of acryloyl, methacryloyl, cinnamoyl, furylacryloyl group were synthesised by introducing acetylene groups via Sonogashira coupling to obtain high birefringence, and lateral groups such as fluoro and methyl to adjust the temperature of the liquid crystal phase. The synthesised compounds were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. In addition, their thermal behaviour was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and polarised optical microscopy. After aligning the synthesised compounds, liquid crystal films were prepared by photo-irradiation. Photo-elastic modulator results showed that the obtained liquid crystal films had high birefringence (Δn) values of 0.32–0.40.     

Synthesis, photo-reaction and photo-induced liquid crystal alignment of soluble polyimide with pendant cinnamate group

In this paper, the synthesis, photo-reaction and photo-induced liquid crystal alignment of a polyimide with a pendant cinnamate group are reported. The polyimide was synthesized by the thermal imidization of the polyamic acid derived from 4,4'-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride and hydroxydiaminopropane, followed by the attachment of the cinnamate group to the main chain polyimide. The surface of thin layers of the polyimide was found to be preferentially occupied by the pendant cinnamate groups, and liquid crystal alignment on the polyimide thin film exposed to polarized UV was independent of the cinnamate content. The thermal stability of the photo-induced liquid crystal alignment was enhanced with decrease in the cinnamate content. This could be attributed to the strong interchain interaction of the polyimide chains which prevents thermal randomization of the photo-product of the pendant cinnamates. The dependences of the photo-reaction temperature and the annealing temperature of the alignment layer on the azimuthal anchoring energy of the photo-aligned liquid crystal suggest that the local stress developed during the UV irradiation profoundly influences the thermal stability of the liquid crystal alignment.     

可溶性聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜的制备与性能

液晶取向膜是液晶显示器中的关键材料,为了制得性能优良的液晶取向膜,我们通过铃木偶联反应制备了3种含有不同末端基团的3,5-二氨基联苯,将制得的3种二胺单体分别与环丁烷四甲酸二酐聚合得到3种新型的聚酰亚胺。 利用核磁氢谱对单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征,测试了聚合物的溶解性、热稳定性以及用作液晶取向膜的性能。 结果表明,所得的聚酰亚胺具有良好的溶解性和热稳定性,经过机械摩擦后,末端带有甲氧基的聚酰亚胺能使液晶分子平行于摩擦方向取向,末端带有苯氧羰基和联苯氧羰基的聚酰亚胺能使液晶分子垂直于摩擦方向取向。 此类可溶性的聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜将简化制备工艺并在柔性显示器件中具有较大的应用价值。     

Synthesis,photo-reaction and photo-induced liquid crystal alignment of soluble polyimide with pendant cinnamate group

In this paper, the synthesis, photo-reaction and photo-induced liquid crystal alignment of a polyimide with a pendant cinnamate group are reported. The polyimide was synthesized by the thermal imidization of the polyamic acid derived from 4,4'-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride and hydroxydiaminopropane, followed by the attachment of the cinnamate group to the main chain polyimide. The surface of thin layers of the polyimide was found to be preferentially occupied by the pendant cinnamate groups, and liquid crystal alignment on the polyimide thin film exposed to polarized UV was independent of the cinnamate content. The thermal stability of the photo-induced liquid crystal alignment was enhanced with decrease in the cinnamate content. This could be attributed to the strong interchain interaction of the polyimide chains which prevents thermal randomization of the photo-product of the pendant cinnamates. The dependences of the photo-reaction temperature and the annealing temperature of the alignment layer on the azimuthal anchoring energy of the photo-aligned liquid crystal suggest that the local stress developed during the UV irradiation profoundly influences the thermal stability of the liquid crystal alignment.     

A new class of liquid crystals: methylene-1,4-dihydropyridines

A group of liquid crystal materials which contain the novel methylene-1,4-dihydropyridine substructure were synthesized and their mesogenic properties examined. Three main classes of liquid crystal compounds which differ in the structure of the aromatic core group (phenyl, azobenzene and diphenylacetylene) attached to the nitrogen of the 1,4-dihydropyridine group were studied. The synthesis of the methylene-1,4-dihydropyridine group was accomplished in excellent yield by a Knoevenagel condensation of a 4-pyridone intermediate with an active methylene compound. The liquid crystal materials prepared thus far which contain this methylene-1,4-dihydropyridine structure all possess broad enantiotropic smectic A phases and one example also possesses a tilted smectic C phase. These mesogens may possess useful properties such as high birefringence.     

新型侧链高分子液晶单体的合成

为GC作为固定液的目的,首次合成了四种新的端基为异硫氰基的芳酯类液晶单体(MLC;Mesomorphic liquid crystal).将其接到聚硅氧烷主链上可期望得到性能优良的侧链高分子液晶.     

手性聚甲基丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成及相行为的研究

手性聚甲基丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成及相行为的研究向前，张纪宇，张树范（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词手性液晶聚合物，相行为手性侧链液晶聚合物在侧链中含有不对称碳原子的末端基，使聚合物显示Ｓｔ相．Ｓ？相层中的分子呈倾斜排列而产生自发极化．...     

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE SYSTEMS OF ACETIC AND GLYCOLIC ACID WITH WATER AND LAURETH 4

The effect of α-hydroxy group on the phase behavior in a skin lotion model system was studied by determining the phase diagrams for the two systems acetic acid / Laureth 4 / white oil / water and glycolic acid / Laureth 4 / white oil / water using visual observation by optical microscopy. The two acids when combined with surfactant and water gave an isotropic liquid solution, and a lamellar liquid crystal with different amounts of solubilization showing both acids to act as hydrotropes. The result provided essential information about the differences in the phase behavior which can attribute to the presence of a-hydroxy group in the glycolic acid. Small angle x-ray diffraction was used to determine the boundaries of the lamellar liquid crystal phases in the two systems, both acids were found to be located in the water region in the liquid crystal.     

Synthesis and comparison of mesomorphic behaviour of a cholesterol-based liquid crystal dimer and analogous monomers

Oligo/polymerisation of known mesogens constitutes a highly efficient strategy in liquid crystal research due to its potential to generate novel liquid crystal materials with intriguing mesomorphic properties. Here we report the synthesis and comparative studies of a synthetic liquid crystal dimer and two of its monomer analogues. By incorporating cholesterol as the mesogenic group, we designed a flexible scaffold consisting of a hybrid of non-polar hydrophobic chain and polar tetraethylene glycol appended to the cholesteryl mesogens. Detailed studies showed that the two classes of mesogens exhibit the same type of liquid crystal phases with similar dimensions but their transition temperatures varied which can be effectively rationalised by the particular chemical functionalities present in each class of materials.