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1.
Molecularly imprinted polymers for sample preparation: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Esther Turiel 《Analytica chimica acta》2010,668(2):87-254
In spite of the huge development of analytical instrumentation during last two decades, sample preparation is still nowadays considered the bottleneck of the whole analytical process. In this regard, efforts have been conducted towards the improvement of the selectivity during extraction and/or subsequent clean-up of sample extracts. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are stable polymers with molecular recognition abilities, provided by the presence of a template during their synthesis and thus are excellent materials to provide selectivity to sample preparation. In the present review, the use of MIPs in solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction as well as its recent incorporation to other extraction techniques such as matrix-solid phase dispersion and stir bar sorptive extraction, among others, is described. The advantages and drawbacks of each methodology as well as the future expected trends are discussed. 相似文献
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The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for bisphenol A
(BPA) was reported in this article. The resulting MIPs have high imprinting and adsorption capacities, and can be used for
separation and determination of BPA in environmental water samples. The successful application of ROMP in the molecular imprinting
field is described here. For the first time, two cross-linkers (dicyclopentadiene and 2,5-norbornadiene) and two Grubbs catalysts
(first and second generation) were investigated to compare their effects on the binding performance of MIPs. The ROMP technique
is able to create the imprinted polymers within 1 h under mild conditions. Furthermore, it can provide MIPs with obvious imprinting
effects towards the template, very fast template rebinding kinetics, high binding capacity and appreciable selectivity over
structurally related compounds. The adsorption process for MIPs in this study can be completed within 45 min, which is much
faster than that of bulk MIPs synthesized by traditional free-radical polymerization. The resulting imprinting polymer was
evaluated for its use as a sorbent support in an off-line solid-phase extraction approach to recover BPA from diluted aqueous
samples. The optimized extraction protocol resulted in a reliable MISPE method suitable for selective extraction and preconcentration
of BPA from tap water, human urine and liquid milk samples. This article demonstrates the practical feasibility of the MIPs
prepared via ROMP as solid-phase extraction materials. 相似文献
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Antonelle Pardo Laetitia Mespouille Philippe Dubois Pierre Duez Bertrand Blankert 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2012,10(3):751-765
One of the most promising separation techniques that have emerged during the last decade is based on the use of molecularly
imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are stable polymers that possess specific cavities designed for a template molecule, endowed
with excellent selectivity compared to regular solid phase extraction techniques. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction
(MISPE) has already shown a high efficiency for the sample preparation from complex matrices. Natural products received huge
attention in recent years. Indeed, the application of MISPE for the screening of natural products appears extremely interesting
not only for the selective extraction of a target compound but also for the concomitant discovery of new drug candidates,
promising sources of therapeutic benefits. In the present review, examples of recognition and separation of active components
from natural extracts are emphasized. MIPs are very promising materials to mimic the recognition characteristics exhibited
by enzymes or receptors although further developments are necessary to fully exploit their wide potential. 相似文献
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Six molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of erythromycin (ERY) were prepared by noncovalent bulk polymerization using methacrylic
acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. On the basis of binding analysis, the MIPs with 1:2 optimum ratio of template to MAA
were selected for subsequent scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses, which indicated that the MIPs
had more convergent porous structures than the nonimprinted polymers. The equilibrium binding experiments showed that the
binding sites of MIPs were heterogeneous, with two dissociation constants of 0.005 and 0.63 mg mL−1, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the MIPs as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents was evaluated, and the selectivity
analysis showed that the MIPs could recognize ERY with moderate cross-reactivity for other macrolides. The overall investigation
of molecularly imprinted SPE for cleanup and enrichment of the ERY in pig muscle and tap water confirmed the feasibility of
utilizing the MIPs obtained as specific SPE sorbents for ERY extraction in real samples.
Figure Schematic diagram of the preparation and application of the erythromycin imprinted molecularly imprinted polymers
Suquan Song and Aibo Wu contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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In the present work, an improved and direct approach for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed. The MIPs were prepared based on bulk polymerization by water-bath heating and ultrasonic elution of the template, using rutin as the template, acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the cross linker. Molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by other elution methods, including microwave-assisted extraction and conventional Soxhlet extraction, were used for comparison and the results showed that the ultrasonic elution method is the best. The synthesized MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the adsorption properties and recognition mechanism of the MIPs. Structurally similar compounds including quercetin and genistein were utilized for verifying the molecular selectivity and characterizing the recognition capability of the MIPs. The MIPs were used as a sorbent for the solid phase extraction of rutin, and the resultant cartridge showed a good extraction performance. Thus, a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure for selective pre-concentration of rutin from complicated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) samples was proposed. Various elution parameters that affect the adsorption capacity of the polymer were evaluated to optimize the selective pre-concentration of rutin. The characteristics of the MISPE method were validated by HPLC. The recoveries ranged from 85% to 91% for TCMs, which demonstrated that this MISPE-HPLC method could be applied to pre-concentrate and determinate rutin directly from complicated TCM samples in the presence of other interfering substances. 相似文献
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Two novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selected from a combinatorial library of bupivacaine imprinted polymers were used for selective on-line solid-phase extraction of bupivacaine and ropivacaine from human plasma. The MIPs were prepared using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linking monomer and in addition hydroxyethylmethacrylate to render the polymer surface hydrophilic. The novel MIPs showed high selectivity for the analytes and required fewer and lower concentrations of additives to suppress non-specific adsorption compared with a conventional MIP. This enabled the development of an on-line system for direct extraction of buffered plasma. Selective extraction was achieved without the use of time-consuming solvent switch steps, and transfer of the analytes from the MIP column to the analytical column was carried out under aqueous conditions fully compatible with reversed-phase LC gradient separation of analyte and internal standard. The MIPs showed excellent aqueous compatibility and yielded extractions with acceptable recovery and high selectivity. 相似文献
10.
Selective sample treatment using molecularly imprinted polymers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pichon V 《Journal of chromatography. A》2007,1152(1-2):41-53
The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers possessing specific cavities designed for a target molecule. By a mechanism of molecular recognition, the MIPs are used as selective sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of target analytes from complex matrices. MIPs are often called synthetic antibodies in comparison with immuno-based sorbents; they offer some advantages including easy, cheap and rapid preparation and high thermal and chemical stability. This review describes the use of MIPs in solid-phase extraction with emphasis on their synthesis, the various parameters affecting the selectivity of the extraction, their potential to selectively extract analytes from complex aqueous samples or organic extracts, their on-line coupling with LC and their potential in miniaturized devices. 相似文献
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Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of cocaine metabolites from aqueous samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cocaine is a well-known drug of abuse which, when ingested nasally or by smoking, undergoes a number of biotransformation and degradation reactions. In the present work, a synthetic analogue of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine was prepared and used as a template molecule in the preparation of a series of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) conditions were established under which benzoylecgonine in aqueous samples could be selectively extracted and quantified at clinically relevant concentrations (μg/ml). Under optimised MISPE conditions, recoveries of analyte were high (>70%) and excellent discrimination between imprinted and non-imprinted materials observed. 相似文献
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Caro E Marcé RM Cormack PA Sherrington DC Borrull F 《Journal of chromatography. A》2003,995(1-2):233-238
Three polymers have been synthesised using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as the template, following different protocols (non-covalent and semi-covalent) and using different functional co-monomers, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The polymers were evaluated to check their selectivity as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled on-line to liquid chromatography. The solid-phase extraction procedure using MIPs (MISPE), including the clean-up step to remove any interferences, was optimised. The 4-VP non-covalent polymer was the only one which showed a clear imprint effect. This MIP also showed cross-reactivity for the 4-chloro-substituted phenols and for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from a mixture containing the 11 priority EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) phenolic compounds and 4-chlorophenol. The MIP was applied to selectively extract the 4-chloro-substituted compounds and 4-NP from river water samples. 相似文献
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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) had been prepared by precipitation polymerization method using acrylamide as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, acetonitrile as the porogen solvent and protocatechuic acid (PA), one of phenolic acids, as the template molecule. The MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared, and their performance relative to non-imprinted polymers was assessed by equilibrium binding experiments. Six structurally similar phenolic acids, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid were selected to assess the selectivity and recognition capability of the MIPs. The MIPs were applied to extract PA from the traditional Chinese medicines as a solid-phase extraction sorbent. The resultant cartridge showed that the MIPs have a good extraction performance and were able to selectively extract almost 82% of PA from the extract of Rhizoma homalomenae. Thus, the proposed molecularly imprinted-solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography method can be successfully used to extract and analyse PA in traditional Chinese medicines. 相似文献
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Highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for solid-phase extraction and determination of furosemide in human plasma have been designed and prepared. In order to study the intermolecular interactions in the pre-polymerization mixture and to find a suitable functional monomer in MIP preparation, a computational approach was developed. It was based on the comparison of the binding energy of the complexes between the template and functional monomers. Having confirmed the results of computational method, three MIPs were synthesized with different functional monomers, i.e. acrylamide (AAM), 4-vinylpiridine (4-VP) and acrylonitrile (ACN), and then evaluated using Langmuir-Freundlich (LF) isotherm. Using the MIP prepared by AAM as functional monomer, a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction procedure followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (MISPE-HPLC-UV) was developed for selective extraction and determination of furosemide in human plasma. For the proposed MISPE-HPLC-UV method, the linearity between responses (peak area) and concentration was found over the range of 75-3500 ng mL−1 with a linear regression coefficient (R2) of 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in plasma were 12.9 and 43.3 ng mL−1, respectively. 相似文献
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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made synthetic materials possessing specific cavities designed for a target
molecule. Since they recognise their target analyte with affinities and selectivities comparable to those of antibody–antigen,
enzyme–substrate and ligand–receptor interactions, they are often referred to as synthetic receptors or plastic antibodies.
In this review, we describe the great potential and recent developments of MIPs in affinity separations, with emphasis on
their application to the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of analytes from complex matrices. Research efforts made in this field
to obtain water-compatible polymers for their applicability in aqueous environments are described. We particularly discuss
problems encountered in the use of MIPs in SPE and the attempts carried out to improve their efficiency. 相似文献
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Two molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been synthesised for the selective extraction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from water samples. One polymer was synthesised via a non-covalent approach and the other via a semi-covalent approach. The selectivity of the polymers for 4-NP was evaluated when these polymers were applied in on-line solid-phase extraction (MISPE) coupled to reversed-phase HPLC. The MISPE conditions for both MIPs were optimised and a clean-up step was included to eliminate non-specific interactions. Differences between the two MIPs were observed with the non-covalent MIP being the more selective of the two, whereas the recoveries were slightly higher for the semi-covalent MIP. The performance of the imprinted polymers in the MISPE of real water samples was also evaluated. 相似文献
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de Freitas-Marques Maria Betânia Araujo Bárbara Caroline Rodrigues da Silva Pedro Henrique Reis Fernandes Christian Mussel Wagner da Nova Sebastião Rita de Cássia de Oliveira Yoshida Maria Irene 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,145(5):2441-2449
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been used primarily to improve selectivity in solid-phase extraction. Synthetic MIPs composed by 2-vinyl... 相似文献
18.
Quercetin molecularly imprinted polymers: Preparation, recognition characteristics and properties as sorbent for solid-phase extraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared through thermal polymerization by using quercetin as the template molecule, acrylamide (AA) as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross-linker in the porogen of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The synthesized MIPs were identified by both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Systematic investigations of the influences of key synthetic conditions, including functional monomers, porogens and cross-linkers, on the recognition properties of the MIPs were conducted. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. Besides quercetin, two structurally similar compounds of rutin and catechol were employed for molecular recognition specificity tests of MIPs. It was observed that the MIPs exhibited the highest selective rebinding to quercetin. Accordingly, the MIPs were used as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of quercetin in cacumen platycladi samples, followed by HPLC-UV analysis. The application of MIPs with high affinity and excellent stereo-selectivity toward quercetin in SPE might offer a novel method for the enrichment and determination of flavonoid compounds in the natural products. 相似文献
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Selective solid-phase extraction of dibutyl phthalate from soybean milk using molecular imprinted polymers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An analysis method is reported for dibutyl phthalate and related compounds with high selectivity and sensitivity by using the selective molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) technique. In this report, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is employed as the template molecule, and the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthesized through the bulk polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA). The Scatchard plot suggests that the template-polymer system has two-site binding behavior with the dissociation constants of 0.5187 and 0.01898 mmol L−1, respectively. The rebinding test, based on the MISPE column technique, shows the recoveries of soybean milk samples spiked with 5 phthalates are in the range of 75.8-107.5% with the relative standard deviations of 1.80-10.08%, indicating the feasibility of the prepared MIPs for phthalates extraction. Finally, the method is used to analyze the trace level of phthalates in commercial soybean milk. 相似文献
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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made synthetic polymers with a predetermined selectivity for a given analyte, or group of structurally related compounds, that make them ideal materials for use as stationary phases in affinity chromatography. However, extensive peak broadening and tailing, especially of the more retained compound (normally the template) are often observed. Thus, huge efforts have been made during recent years to use MIPs in capillary electrochromatography, which is inherently a more efficient chromatographic technique than conventional HPLC. Accordingly, this paper gives an overview of the attempts carried out in the recent past to improve the chromatographic performance of MIPs in capillary electrochromatography as well as more recent applications. It is concluded that MIPs are very promising materials for use as selective stationary phases in CEC. 相似文献