梁的循环弯曲蠕变脆断损伤失效分析和预测

提出了梁的循环弯曲蠕变损伤失效分析方法，推导了梁的循环弯曲蠕变损伤基本方程，以梁的弯曲惯性矩减少定义弯曲损伤变量，给出了便于工程应用的失效预测方程。     

梁的蠕变开裂各向同性弯曲损伤分析

在梁的纯弯曲损伤基本假设条件下，导出了弯曲损伤的基本方程，与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ的材料刚度劣化（受载横截面积减小）定义拉伸损伤变虽类似，以梁的弯曲刚度劣化（惯性矩减小）定义弯曲损伤变量，从而建立了与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ拉伸损伤模型相类似的梁的各向同性弯曲损伤模型。最后，以受蠕变纯弯曲梁为实例进行了损伤分析，所得计算结果与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ拉伸损伤模型所得结果比较吻合，表明该弯曲损伤模型是合理适用的。     

梁的蠕变开裂各向同性弯曲损伤分析

在梁的纯弯曲损伤基本假设条件下，导出了弯曲损伤的基本方程，与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ的材料刚度劣化（受载横截面积减小）定义拉伸损伤变虽类似，以梁的弯曲刚度劣化（惯性矩减小）定义弯曲损伤变量，从而建立了与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ拉伸损伤模型相类似的梁的各向同性弯曲损伤模型。最后，以受蠕变纯弯曲梁为实例进行了损伤分析，所得计算结果与Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ拉伸损伤模型所得结果比较吻合，表明该弯曲损伤模型是合理适用的。     

复合材料层合板面内渐进损伤分析的CDM模型

基于连续介质损伤力学,提出了一个预测复合材料层合板面内渐进损伤分析的模型,它包括损伤表征、损伤判定和损伤演化3 部分. 模型能够区分纤维拉伸断裂、纤维压缩断裂、纤维间拉伸损伤和纤维间压缩损伤4 种损伤模式,定义了与4 个损伤模式对应的损伤状态变量,导出了材料主轴系下损伤前后材料本构之间的关系. 损伤起始采用Puck 准则判定,损伤演化由特征长度内应变能释放密度控制. 假定材料服从线性应变软化行为,建立了损伤状态变量关于断裂面上等效应变的渐进损伤演化法则. 模型涵盖了复合材料面内损伤起始、演化直至最终失效的全过程. 完成了含孔[45/0/-45/90]_2S 层合板在拉伸和压缩载荷下失效分析,结果表明该模型能合理进行层合板的强度预测和损伤失效分析.      

疲劳荷载下混凝土梁弯曲损伤指标的探究

混凝土疲劳损伤的计算方法比较复杂,本文经推导及实验验证得出了混凝土的割线模量损伤与塑性应变呈直线关系,同时证明了使用切线模量与割线模量计算得到的损伤是相同的,由此定义了随塑性应变而变化的混凝土弹性模量的疲劳损伤指标为简单的直线方程.将此损伤指标应用于混凝土梁,推导了疲劳荷载下弯曲损伤指标.     

耦合蠕变损伤的Chaboche粘塑性模型的研究

Chaboche粘塑性统一本构模型由于没有包含损伤变量,在应力恒定时只能得到不变的塑性应变速率,因此不能描述蠕变第三阶段的加速过程.该文按照Lemaitre有效应力的概念,采用Kachanov损伤演化方程,推导了耦合损伤的Chaboche粘塑性流动方程和硬化方程,并链接到有限元软件ANSYS中,将之用于高温合金钢P91的蠕变寿命计算,结果表明耦合损伤模型的模拟值与实验数据基本吻合;为该模型描述蠕变损伤和疲劳交互作用奠定了基础.     

疲劳损伤伤演方程中材料常数的确定

损伤力学作为近年来固体力学的一个非常活跃的分支,其本构关系和损伤演化方程是核心内容。损伤演化方程中材料常数的确定,是损伤力学中最基本却很重要的工作。利用大范围损伤下的预估拉压和弯曲疲劳裂纹形成寿命的封闭解答,应用最小二乘法给出了确定损伤演化方程dD/dN=α(Δε)m中材料常数α、m的方法。该方法可作为确定这种类型损伤演化方程材料常数的一般方法。     

复合材料层合板面内渐进损伤分析的CDM模型简

基于连续介质损伤力学,提出了一个预测复合材料层合板面内渐进损伤分析的模型,它包括损伤表征、损伤判定和损伤演化3 部分. 模型能够区分纤维拉伸断裂、纤维压缩断裂、纤维间拉伸损伤和纤维间压缩损伤4 种损伤模式,定义了与4 个损伤模式对应的损伤状态变量,导出了材料主轴系下损伤前后材料本构之间的关系. 损伤起始采用Puck 准则判定,损伤演化由特征长度内应变能释放密度控制. 假定材料服从线性应变软化行为,建立了损伤状态变量关于断裂面上等效应变的渐进损伤演化法则. 模型涵盖了复合材料面内损伤起始、演化直至最终失效的全过程. 完成了含孔[45/0/-45/90]_2S 层合板在拉伸和压缩载荷下失效分析,结果表明该模型能合理进行层合板的强度预测和损伤失效分析.     

ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型中损伤因子的率相关性及实现方法

ABAQUS程序中最常用的混凝土损伤塑性（concrete damage plasticity, CDP）模型无法实现损伤因子与应变率相关。为了准确描述混凝土材料在高应变率下的损伤特性,基于CDP模型定义了新的应变率场变量,编制了VUSDFLD用户子程序,开发了能够考虑损伤因子率相关性的改进的CDP（modified CDP,MCDP）模型。MCDP模型采用能量法求解混凝土拉压损伤因子,主求解程序能够随着应变率场变量的变化而自动更新不同应变率对应的损伤参数,计算得到的混凝土单轴静态加载结果与CDP模型吻合较好。MCDP模型对高应变率下动态压缩性能的模拟结果表明:混凝土材料在不同应变率下的拉压损伤对其动态力学性能有显著影响,编制的VUSDFLD子程序和MCDP模型能够有效地解决损伤应变率相关的模拟难题,可以准确地模拟爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动态响应,为预测爆炸冲击等强动载作用下混凝土结构的响应和破坏提供了更可靠的技术途径。     

2D-C/SiC复合材料应变率相关的动态本构模型

分别在电子万能实验机和SHPB（split Hopkinson press bar）实验装置上对2D-C/SiC复合材料进行了静态、动态实验,探讨了该材料在10-4~2.8103 s-1的应变率范围内的层向压缩力学性能。实验结果表明,在动态加载条件下,2D-C/SiC复合材料的应力应变呈非线性关系。随着应变率的提高,破坏强度提高、失效应变减小,弹性模量增加。弹性模量与对数应变率基本呈线性关系。提出了一个含有与应变率相关的损伤变量的动态本构方程,该方程与实验结果吻合较好。     

General Expressions of Constitutive Equations for Isotropic Elastic Damaged Materials

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｗｏｒｋｓｂｙＫａｃｈａｎｏｖ[1]ａｎｄＲａｂｏｔｎｏｖ[2 ]ｆｏｒｃｒｅｅｐｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｍｅｔａｌｓ,ｔｈｅｄａｍａｇｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｒｅａｔｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｍｏｓｔａｃｔｉｖｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｅａ[3- 6 ].Ｔｈｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｄａｍａｇｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｉｓａｂａｓｉｃｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｔｈｅｄａｍａｇｅｍｅｃｈａｎ ｉｃｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｔｒａｉ…     

Single beam analysis of damaged beams verified using a strain energy based damage measure

Analytical expression of a new damage measure which relates the strain energy, to the damage location and magnitude, is presented in this paper. The strain energy expression is calculated using modes and natural frequencies of damaged beams that are derived based on single beam analysis considering both decrease in mass and stiffness. Decrease in mass and stiffness are a fallout of geometric discontinuity and no assumptions regarding the physical behavior of damage are made. The method is applicable to beams, with notch like non-propagating cracks, with arbitrary boundary conditions. The analytical expressions derived for mode shapes, curvature shapes, natural frequencies and an improved strain energy based damage measure, are verified using experiments. The improvement in the damage measure is that it is not assumed that the bending stiffness of the damaged beam is constant, and, equal to that of undamaged beam when calculating the strain energy of the entire beam. It is also not assumed that the bending stiffness of the element in which the damage is located is constant.     

混凝土分段曲线损伤模型

在对比分析国内外现有的混凝土受拉损伤模型基础上，结合素混凝土受拉应力应变曲线的试验结果，提出了一个新的混凝土分段曲线损伤模型，并利用应力连续条件确定了损伤模型中各系数的值。运用该模型到力学分析中，推导了矩形截面的混凝土梁在纯弯矩作用下，在损伤较小和损伤较大时的力学方程，算出了梁的最大承载能力，并与材料力学计算的梁承载能力进行了对比。详细分析了损伤区域及损伤应力在横截面上的变化过程，确定了极限状态下含损伤混凝土梁的应力分布和相应的承载能力，画出了损伤状态梁截面的应力分布图。     

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Flexural Strength of Concrete

In this paper, we analyze the increase in the dynamic flexural strength of concrete according to strain rate. A simple beam with center-point loading and a classical electro-mechanical testing machine are used to determine the static flexural strength. The dynamic measurements are conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device in the same three-point bending configuration. The outer faces of the beams are instrumented with strain gauges to record the extreme tensile strains. Moreover, full-field displacement measurements are obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) on images recorded by a very high-speed camera. The strain gauge and DIC measurements are compared and used to determine the onset of failure and to evaluate the rate-related tensile strength. Several tests are performed at strain rates in the range from 1/s to 15/s. As expected, a significant increase in the flexural tensile strength with strain-rate is observed, which is consistent with results from the literature.     

Size Effect on The Bending And Tensile Strength of Micromachined Polysilicon Films for MEMS

I. INTRODUCTION Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have achieved impressive progress and become a very area of research. But long-term durability of various MEMS devices requires a fundamental understaof the fatigue and fracture characteristics of su…     

Suggestion of a new dimensionless number for dynamic plastic response of beams and plates

Summary A dimensionless number, termed response number in the present paper, is suggested for the dynamic plastic response of beams and plates made of rigid-perfectly plastic materials subjected to dynamic loading. It is obtained at dimensional reduction of the basic governing equations of beams and plates. The number is defined as the product of the Johnson's damage number and the square of the half of the slenderness ratio for a beam; the product of the damage number and the square of the half of the aspect ratio for a plate or membrane loaded dynamically. Response number can also be considered as the ratio of the inertia force at the impulsive loading to the plastic limit load of the structure. Three aspects are reflected in this dimensionless number: the inertia of the applied dynamic loading, the resistance ability of the material to the deformation caused by the loading and the geometrical influence of the structure on the dynamic response. For an impulsively loaded beam or plate, the final dimensionless deflection is solely dependent upon the response number. When the secondary effects of finite deflections, strain-rate sensitivity or transverse shear are taken into account, the response number is as useful as in the case of simple bending theory. Finally, the number is not only suitable to idealized dynamic loads but also applicable to dynamic loads of general shape. Received 17 October 1997; accepted for publication 19 March 1998     

起波钢筋高速动态拉伸力学性能研究

针对提高混凝土梁抗冲击爆炸性能的起波配筋新技术,采用理论分析与动态冲击拉伸试验相结合的方法,揭示了起波钢筋的快速拉伸变形作用机理,分析了拉伸速度、起波矢高等因素对起波钢筋抗拉强度的影响规律,确定了起波钢筋静态弹性极限强度计算方法。提出了起波钢筋等效拉伸应变率新概念,建立了弹性极限强度动力放大系数（dynamic increase factors,DIF）计算模型。研究结果表明,预先弯折起波使得钢筋在受力拉直过程中产生截面弯矩,起波钢筋的力学性能存在明显的应变率效应;起波钢筋弹性抗拉极限强度DIF随起波矢高的增高先增大后减小,存在一个最优起波设计矢高,可以使起波钢筋抗拉强度动态放大系数达到最大。研究成果可为进一步推动起波配筋技术在防护工程中的应用提供依据。     

考虑轴力作用时梁的弯曲损伤失效分析

对考虑轴力作用时梁的弯曲损伤进行了分析,推导了其损伤分析的基本方程,分析表明,中性轴随损伤的发展而偏移,有向上、向下和保持不动三种情况,其偏移的方向和范围完全由比例加载系数决定,并且在特定的比例加载系数时,中性轴能保持不动,最后获得了梁在弯曲损伤时的中性轴起始偏移点、极限偏移点和极限载荷的计算公式,以及它们的简化计算公式;讨论了损伤极限状态时轴力和弯矩的交互作用曲线;轴力对弯曲损伤的影响较为显著,有轴力作用时应尽可能考虑其影响。     

The Three-Stage Model Based on Strain Strength Distribution for the Tensile Failure Process of Rock and Concrete Materials

A three-stage model is introduced to describe the tensile failure process of rock and concrete materials.Failure of the material is defined to contain three stages in the model,which include elastic deformation stage,body damage stage and localization damage stage.The failure mode change from uniform body damage to localization damage is expressed.The heterogeneity of material is described with strain strength distribution.The fracture factor and intact factor,defined as the distribution function of strain strength,are used to express the fracture state in the failure process.And the distributive parameters can be determined through the experimental stress-strain curve.