Approximating tensor product Bézier surfaces with tangent plane continuity

We present a simple method for degree reduction of tensor product Bézier surfaces with tangent plane continuity in L₂-norm. Continuity constraints at the four corners of surfaces are considered, so that the boundary curves preserve endpoints continuity of any order α. We obtain matrix representations for the control points of the degree reduced surfaces by the least-squares method. A simple optimization scheme that minimizes the perturbations of some related control points is proposed, and the surface patches after adjustment are C^∞ continuous in the interior and G¹ continuous at the common boundaries. We show that this scheme is applicable to surface patches defined on chessboard-like domains.     

Projected gradient iteration for nonlinear operator equation

In this paper, we use a projected gradient algorithm to solve a nonlinear operator equation with ?_p-norm (1<p≤2) constraint. Gradient iterations with ?_p-norm constraints have been studied recently both in the context of inverse problem and of compressed sensing. In this paper, the constrained gradient iteration is implemented via a projected operator. We establish the ?₂-norm convergence of sequence constructed by the constrained gradient iteration when p∈(1,2]. The performance of the method is testified by a numerical example.     

A transference method in quantum probability

Working with a rather general notion of independence, we provide a transference method which allows to compare the p-norm of sums of independent copies with the p-norm of sums of free copies. Our main technique is to construct explicit operator space Lp embeddings preserving independence to reduce the problem to L₁, where some recent results by the first-named author can be used. We find applications on noncommutative Khintchine/Rosenthal type inequalities and on noncommutative Lp embedding theory.     

Weighted geometric discrepancies and numerical integration on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

We extend the notion of L₂-B-discrepancy introduced in [E. Novak, H. Wo?niakowski, L₂ discrepancy and multivariate integration, in: W.W.L. Chen, W.T. Gowers, H. Halberstam, W.M. Schmidt, and R.C. Vaughan (Eds.), Analytic Number Theory. Essays in Honour of Klaus Roth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 359-388] to what we shall call weighted geometric L₂-discrepancy. This extension enables us to consider weights in order to moderate the importance of different groups of variables, as well as to consider volume measures different from the Lebesgue measure and classes of test sets different from measurable subsets of Euclidean spaces.We relate the weighted geometric L₂-discrepancy to numerical integration defined over weighted reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and settle in this way an open problem posed by Novak and Wo?niakowski.Furthermore, we prove an upper bound for the numerical integration error for cubature formulas that use admissible sample points. The set of admissible sample points may actually be a subset of the integration domain of measure zero. We illustrate that particularly in infinite-dimensional numerical integration it is crucial to distinguish between the whole integration domain and the set of those sample points that actually can be used by the algorithms.     

Perturbation theory for convolution semigroups

We deal with convolution semigroups (not necessarily symmetric) in Lp(RN) and provide a general perturbation theory of their generators by indefinite singular potentials. Such semigroups arise in the theory of Lévy processes and cover many examples such as Gaussian semigroups, α-stable semigroups, relativistic Schrödinger semigroups, etc. We give new generation theorems and Feynman-Kac formulas. In particular, by using weak compactness methods in L¹, we enlarge the extended Kato class potentials used in the theory of Markov processes. In L² setting, Dirichlet form-perturbation theory is finely related to L¹-theory and the extended Kato class measures is also enlarged. Finally, various perturbation problems for subordinate semigroups are considered.     

Labeling graphs with two distance constraints

Given a graph G and integers p,q,d₁ and d₂, with p>q, d₂>d₁?1, an L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling of G is a function f:V(G)→{0,1,2,…,n} such that |f(u)−f(v)|?p if d_G(u,v)?d₁ and |f(u)−f(v)|?q if d_G(u,v)?d₂. A k-L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling is an L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling f such that max_v∈V(G)f(v)?k. The L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling number ofG, denoted by , is the smallest number k such that G has a k-L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling. In this paper, we give upper bounds and lower bounds of the L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling number for general graphs and some special graphs. We also discuss the L(d₁,d₂;p,q)-labeling number of G, when G is a path, a power of a path, or Cartesian product of two paths.     

Noncommutative maximal ergodic theorems for positive contractions

Let M be a von Neumann algebra equipped with a normal semifinite faithful trace τ. Let T be a positive linear contraction on M such that τ○T?τ and such that the numerical range of T as an operator on L₂(M) is contained in a Stoltz region with vertex 1. We show that Junge and Xu's noncommutative Stein maximal ergodic inequality holds for the powers of T on Lp(M), 1<p?∞. We apply this result to obtain the noncommutative analogue of a recent result of Cohen concerning the iterates of the product of a finite number of conditional expectations.     

Convergence of a stochastic particle approximation for fractional scalar conservation laws

We are interested in a probabilistic approximation of the solution to scalar conservation laws with fractional diffusion and nonlinear drift. The probabilistic interpretation of this equation is based on a stochastic differential equation driven by an α-stable Lévy process and involving a nonlinear drift. The approximation is constructed using a system of particles following a time-discretized version of this stochastic differential equation, with nonlinearity replaced by interaction. We prove convergence of the particle approximation to the solution of the conservation law as the number of particles tends to infinity whereas the discretization step tends to 0 in some precise asymptotics.     

Variations on a theme of Boole and Stein-Weiss

We give an alternative proof of a theorem of Stein and Weiss: The distribution function of the Hilbert transform of a characteristic function of a set E only depends on the Lebesgue measure |E| of such a set. We exploit a rational change of variable of the type used by George Boole in his paper “On the comparison of transcendents, with certain applications to the theory of definite integrals” together with the observation that if two functions f and g have the same Lp norm in a range of exponents p₁<p<p₂ then their distribution functions coincide.     

Iterative approximation of a zero of accretive operator in Banach space

This paper introduces an iteration scheme for viscosity approximation of a zero of accretive operator in a reflexive Banach space with weakly continuous duality mapping. A new iterative sequence is introduced and strong convergence of the algorithm {x_n} is proved. The results improve and extend the results of Su [Xiaolong Qin, Yongfu Su, Approximation of a zero point of accretive operator in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2007) 415-424] and some others.     

An approximate method via Taylor series for stochastic functional differential equations

The subject of this paper is an analytic approximate method for stochastic functional differential equations whose coefficients are functionals, sufficiently smooth in the sense of Fréchet derivatives. The approximate equations are defined on equidistant partitions of the time interval, and their coefficients are general Taylor expansions of the coefficients of the initial equation. It will be shown that the approximate solutions converge in the Lp-norm and with probability one to the solution of the initial equation, and also that the rate of convergence increases when degrees in Taylor expansions increase, analogously to real analysis.     

A counterexample to Wood's conjecture

We prove that if the one-point compactification of a locally compact, noncompact Hausdorff space L is the topological space called pseudoarc, then C₀(L,C) is almost transitive. We also obtain two necessary conditions on a metrizable locally compact Hausdorff space L for C₀(L) being almost transitive.     

Workshop lecture on products of Fréchet spaces

The general question, “When is the product of Fréchet spaces Fréchet?” really depends on the questions of when a product of α₄ Fréchet spaces (also known as strongly Fréchet or countably bisequential spaces) is α₄, and when it is Fréchet. Two subclasses of the class of strongly Fréchet spaces shed much light on these questions. These are the class of α₃ Fréchet spaces and its subclass of ℵ₀-bisequential spaces. The latter is closed under countable products, the former not even under finite products. A number of fundamental results and open problems are recalled, some further highlighting the difference between being α₃ and Fréchet and being ℵ₀-bisequential.     

The inclusion relation between Sobolev and modulation spaces

The inclusion relations between the Lp-Sobolev spaces and the modulation spaces is determined explicitly. As an application, mapping properties of unimodular Fourier multiplier eiα|D| between Lp-Sobolev spaces and modulation spaces are discussed.     

Nonlinear dissipative wave equations with space-time dependent potential

We study the long time behavior of solutions for damped wave equations with absorption. These equations are generally accepted as models of wave propagation in heterogeneous media with space-time dependent friction a(t,x)u_t and nonlinear absorption |u|^p−1u (Ikawa (2000) [17]). We consider 1<p<(n+2)/(n−2) and separable a(t,x)=λ(x)η(t) with λ(x)∼(1+|x|)^−α and η(t)∼(1+t)^−β satisfying conditions (A1) or (A2) which are given. The main results are precise decay estimates for the energy, L² and L^p+1 norms of solutions. We also observe the following behavior: if α∈[0,1), β∈(−1,1) and 0<α+β<1, there are three different regions for the decay of solutions depending on p; if α∈(−∞,0) and β∈(−1,1), there are only two different regions for the decay of the solutions depending on p.     

Minimum monopoly in regular and tree graphs

In this paper we consider a graph optimization problem called minimum monopoly problem, in which it is required to find a minimum cardinality set S⊆V, such that, for each u∈V, |N[u]∩S|?|N[u]|/2 in a given graph G=(V,E). We show that this optimization problem does not have a polynomial-time approximation scheme for k-regular graphs (k?5), unless P=NP. We show this by establishing two L-reductions (an approximation preserving reduction) from minimum dominating set problem for k-regular graphs to minimum monopoly problem for 2k-regular graphs and to minimum monopoly problem for (2k-1)-regular graphs, where k?3. We also show that, for tree graphs, a minimum monopoly set can be computed in linear time.     

A regularity classification of boundary points for p-harmonic functions and quasiminimizers

In this paper it is shown that irregular boundary points for p-harmonic functions as well as for quasiminimizers can be divided into semiregular and strongly irregular points with vastly different boundary behaviour. This division is emphasized by a large number of characterizations of semiregular points. The results hold in complete metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure supporting a Poincaré inequality. They also apply to Cheeger p-harmonic functions and in the Euclidean setting to A-harmonic functions, with the usual assumptions on A.     

Maximal ergodic theorems for some group actions

We prove maximal ergodic inequalities for a sequence of operators and for their averages in the noncommutative Lp-space. We also obtain the corresponding individual ergodic theorems. Applying these results to actions of a free group on a von Neumann algebra, we get noncommutative analogues of maximal ergodic inequalities and pointwise ergodic theorems of Nevo-Stein.     

On L-Tychonoff spaces II

This paper is a sequel to the 1995 paper On L-Tychonoff spaces. The embedding theorem for L-topological spaces is shown to hold true for L an arbitrary complete lattice without imposing any order reversing involution (·)^′ on L. Some results on completely L-regular spaces and on L-Tychonoff spaces, which have previously been known to hold true for (L,^′) a frame, are exhibited as ones holding for (L,^′) a meet-continuous lattice. For such a lattice an insertion theorem for completely L-regular spaces is given. Some weak forms of separating families of maps are discussed. We also clarify the dependence between the sub-T₀ separation axiom of Liu and the L-T₀ separation axiom of Rodabaugh.     

Absolutely convergent Fourier series and function classes

We study the smoothness property of a function f with absolutely convergent Fourier series, and give best possible sufficient conditions in terms of its Fourier coefficients to ensure that f belongs either to one of the Lipschitz classes Lip(α) and lip(α) for some 0<α?1, or to one of the Zygmund classes Λ_∗(1) and λ_∗(1). Our theorems generalize some of those by Boas [R.P. Boas Jr., Fourier series with positive coefficients, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 17 (1967) 463-483] and one by Németh [J. Németh, Fourier series with positive coefficients and generalized Lipschitz classes, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 54 (1990) 291-304]. We also prove a localized version of a theorem by Paley [R.E.A.C. Paley, On Fourier series with positive coefficients, J. London Math. Soc. 7 (1932) 205-208] on the existence and continuity of the derivative of f.