形状记忆合金相变过程三维大变形有限元模拟

形状记忆合金（SMA）一直被作为智能材料开发,并被用于阻尼器、促动器和智能传感器元件．形状记忆合金（SMA）的一项重要特性,是它具有恢复在机械加卸载周期下产生的大变形而不表现出永久变形的能力．该文旨在介绍一种由应力产生的相变且可以描述马氏体和奥氏体之间的超弹性滞回环现象本构方程．形状记忆合金的马氏体系数假设为应力偏张量的函数,因此形状记忆合金在相变过程中锁定体积．本构模型是在大变形有限元的基础上执行的,采用了现时构型Lagrange大变形算法．为了方便地使用Cauchy应力和线性应变本构关系,使用了与旋转无关的Jaumann应力增率计算应力．数值分析结果表明,相变引起的超弹性滞回环可以有效地通过该文提出的本构方程和大变形有限元模拟．     

弹塑性有限变形的广义Prandtl—Reuss本构方程和应力共旋率研究

本文通过一种新的途径研究弹塑性有限变形的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程·研究表明对于广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，变形率弹塑性和分解的假设并非必须·研究了采用物质共旋率的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，从理论上分析了简单剪切应力振荡的原因·提出一种用于构造广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程中应力和背应力共旋率的修正相对旋率·最后，对简单剪切变形进行应力计算·     

相变增韧陶瓷平面应变I型定常扩展裂纹的渐近分析（Ⅱ）

本文采用一种考虑相变剪切变形的陶瓷材料本构关系，对平面应Ｉ型定常扩展裂纹尖端场进行渐近分析。给出了裂纹尖端附近环形域内的应力，速率分布以及应力奇异性指数，对不同材料参数下的变化规律进行了详细的分析和讨论。     

有限变形下的混凝土动态本构关系研究

讨论有限变形和小变形假设下本构关系的区别,并将其运用于混凝土的弹-粘塑性本构关系研究,提出了一个应变率相关的动态力学模型．模型基于Ottosen的4参数屈服准则,分别考虑混凝土在硬化阶段和软化阶段加载面的不同变化规律,建立冲击荷载下的混凝土本构关系．该模型可以应用于冲击载荷下混凝土材料响应的模拟．引进Green-Naghdi客观率建立有限变形的混凝土模型．根据大量实验结果对应变率和材料强度的关系提出合理假设,使模型可以反映混凝土大变形的动态力学行为,为相关工程问题的研究提供有益的思路和有效的工具．     

相变增韧陶瓷平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹的渐近分析(Ⅱ)*

本文采用一种考虑相交剪切变形的陶瓷材料本构关系,对平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹尖端场进行渐近分析.给出了裂纹尖端附近环形域内的应力、速率分布以及应力奇异性指数.对不同材料参数下的变化规律进行了详细的分析和讨论.     

关于损伤张量的阶次

本文首先讨论了较为广泛的连续介质材料的应力变形本构关系,得到了通常以泛函表示的应力变形本构关系的张量表达式.以此为基础,研究了各向异性材料各向异性损伤时,无论从连续介质力学模型出发还是从缺陷模型出发,描述损伤的张量都存在最高阶次的限制;指出了在什么条件下,损伤变量可用低于最高阶次的张量来描述.     

昆虫翼拍动中受载变形的粘弹性本构模型

昆虫翼拍动受载时发生被动变形,被看作为有助于改善飞行性能的机制之一．决定这种被动变形大小的一个关键因素是昆虫翼的材料本构关系,至今缺乏研究．基于蜻蜓翼(离体)的应力松弛实验和模型翼拍动时受载变形的有限元数值分析,揭示了粘弹性本构关系是昆虫翼材料性能的合理描述,并研究了粘弹性参数对被动变形的影响．     

基于有限变形弹塑性模型模拟伪弹性合金全程变形行为

提出一个J2流的有限弹塑性本构方程来显式、全面地模拟了形状记忆合金(SMAs)在3个不同阶段加载并卸载所表现出来的应力-对数应变关系.这3个阶段包括变形完全恢复的伪弹性阶段、变形部分恢复的塑性阶段以及软化破坏阶段.该文的主要思想在于从实验数据的形函数出发,得到用形函数表达的多轴硬化函数,进而代入到本构方程,建立一个能模拟任意形状应力-对数应变关系,多轴有效的本构方程.该文方法的优势在于避免考虑微观到宏观的平均方法、相变条件等一系列复杂处理,大大减少了计算量.所得到的数值结果可以精确匹配实验数据.     

圆形均布荷载作用下分数导数型黏弹性土基变形分析

土体的蠕变特性是影响工后沉降和工程安全的重要因素.基于半空间弹性土基受圆形均布荷载作用弹性理论解,根据弹性与黏弹性理论的对应原理,建立了分数导数型黏弹性土基在竖向圆形均布荷载作用下的地表位移与分数阶导数等参数的关系,并分析了不同分数阶下地表变形的时效特性.结果表明,与经典黏弹性本构模型相比,分数导数黏弹性模型能够在较宽的范围内描述黏弹性土基变形的特性,采用分数导数Kelvin黏弹性本构模型计算的地表沉降较经典的Kelvin黏弹性模型小,土基的蠕变特性与分数导数的阶数有关,具有更为广泛的适用性和应用前景.     

韧性金属大变形拟流动角点理论及应用

本文提出韧性金属弹塑性大变形拟流动角点理论（ｑｕａｓｉ－ｆｌｏｗｃｏｒｎｅｒｔｈｅｏｒｙ）．该理论从塑性变形正交法则出发，将”模量衰减函数”及屈服面的尖点效应引入本构模型，从而实现了由正交法则本构模型向非正交法则本构模型以及从塑性加载向物理弹性却载的光滑过渡，使一般无角点各向异性硬化屈服函数与有角点硬化情形相结合成为可能．用于数值模拟各向异性金属薄板单向拉伸失稳与剪切带分析并与实验结果作比较，表明本文理论的有效性．     

On a Conducting Electromagnetic Medium

In this article we consider a linear electromagnetic material characterized by a rate-type equation for the electric conduction in order to consider memory effects for this field. After deriving the restrictions imposed by the thermodynamic principles on the constitutive equations, we introduce the free energy useful to show the existence of a domain of dependence. Then, theorems of existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions are established for the initial-boundary value problem for the system of Maxwell's equations. Finally, we give an energy estimate.     

Lubrication approximation of flows of a special class of non-Newtonian fluids defined by rate type constitutive equations

We consider the flow of a rate-type fluid defined by an implicit constitutive equation in a channel with non flat walls. We also assume that the channel characteristic width is small in comparison to the channel length, so that the lubrication approximation can be applied. The model developed is mainly motivated by the evidence that many lubricants seem to be well described by implicit rate type fluid models. The mathematical problem is reduced to an integro-differential equation for the pressure that is solved numerically for several channel profiles.     

Adhesive contact problem for viscoplastic materials

We examine a mathematical model that describes a quasistatic adhesive contact between a viscoplastic body and deformable foundation. The material’s behaviour is described by the rate-type constitutive law which involves functions with a non-polynomial growth. The contact is modelled by the normal compliance condition with limited penetration and adhesion, a subdifferential friction condition also depending on adhesion, and the evolution of bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation. We present the variational formulation of this problem which is a system of an almost history-dependent variational–hemivariational inequality for the displacement field and an ordinary differential equation for the bonding field. The results on existence and uniqueness of solution to an abstract almost history-dependent inclusion and variational–hemivariational inequality in the reflexive Orlicz–Sobolev space are proved and applied to the adhesive contact problem.     

A Phase-Field Model of Ductile Fracture at Finite Strains

This work outlines a variational-based framework for the phase field modeling of ductile fracture in elastic-plastic solids at large strains. The phase field approach regularizes sharp crack discontinuities within a pure continuum setting by a specific gradient damage model with geometric features rooted in fracture mechanics. Based on the recent works [1, 2], the phase field model of ductile fracture is linked to a formulation of gradient plasticity at finite strains in order to ensure the crack to evolve inside the plastic zones. The thermodynamic formulation is based on the definition of a constitutive work density function including the stored elastic energy and the dissipated work due to plasticity and fracture. The proposed canonical theory is shown to be governed by a rate-type minimization principle, which determines the coupled multi-field evolution problem. Another aspect is the regularization towards a micromorphic gradient plasticity-damage setting which enhances the robustness of the finite element formulation. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR TOWARD THERAREFACTION WAVE FOR SOLUTIONS OFRATE-TYPE VISCOELASTIC SYSTEM WITH BOUNDARY EFFECT

1IntroductionWeconsiderthefollowinginitialboundaryvalueproblemonR =(o, oo)forarate-typeviscoelasticsystemwiththeinitial-boundaryconditionsWherev5uand-pdenotethestrain,partialvelocityandstressrespectively,whileEisapositiveconstant,whichrepresentthedynamicYoung'smodulus,andT>Oisarelaxationtime.Forsimplicity,weassumeT=1.PR(v)standsfortheequilibriumvalueforp-Theinitialdata(vo,bolpo)(x)areassumedtotendtotheconstantstate,asx- oowherep =pR(v )sincepR(v)istheequilibriumvaluef0rp.M0reover,thecompa…     

NONLINEAR STABILITY OF RAREFACTION WAVES FOR A RATE-TYPE VISCOELASTIC SYSTEM

51.IntroductionInthispaper,westudythefollowingrate-typeviscoelasticsystem,i.e.,wherevand(--p)denotestrainandstress,uisrelatedtotheparticlevelocity,EisapositiveconstantcalledthedynamicYOung'smodulus,T>0isarelaxationtime.Thissystemwasproposedinfi6]tointroducearelaxationapproximationtothefollowingsystemSincethesystem(1.2)canbeobtainedfrom(1.1)byanexpansionprocedureasthefirstorder,itisnaturaltoexpectthatthesolutionof(1.1)convergestothatof(1.2)asT-0.However,thezerolimitconvergencehasnotbeenestabl…     

A frictionless contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with internal state variables

This paper deals with an initial and boundary value problem describing the quasistatic evolution of a rate-type viscoplastic material with internal state variables which is in frictionless contact. Two variational formulations of the problem are proposed, and existence and uniqueness results established. The equivalence of the variational formulation is studied and a strong convergence result involving penalized problems is proved.     

NONLINEAR STABILITY OF TWO-MODE SHOCK PROFILES FOR A RATE-TYPE VISCOELASTIC SYSTEM WITH RELAXATION

51.IntroductionInthispaPer,westudythefollowingrate-tyPeviscoelasticsystem,i.e.withtheinitialdata(v(x,o),u(x,o),p(x,O))=(vo(x),uo(x),po(x)),(1.2)wherevand(-p)denotestrainandstressrespectively,uisrelatedtotheparticlevelocity,Eisapositiveconstant,calledthedynamicYoung'smodulus,T>Oisarelaxationthae.Ttussystemwasproposedin[l4]tointroducearelaxationapprokimationtothefonowingsystemSincethesystem(1.3)canbeobtainedfrom(1.1)byanexpansionprocedtireasthefirstorder,itisnaturaltoexPectthatthesolutionof(1…     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A CONTACT PROBLEM IN RATE-TYPE VISCOPLASTICITY

In this paper, we consider numerical approximations of a contact problem in rate-type viscoplasticity. The contact conditions are described in term of a subdifferential and include as special cases some classical frictionless boundary conditions. The contact problem consists of an evolution equation coupled with a time-dependent variational inequality. Error estimates for both spatially semi-discrete and fully discrete solutions are derived and some convergence results are shown. Under appropriate regularity assumptions on the exact solution, error estimates are obtained.     

A novel class of model constitutive laws in nonlinear elasticity: Construction via Loewner theory

Using a solitonic connection, we show that the class of infinitesimal Bäcklund transformations originally introduced by Loewner in 1952 in a gasodynamic context results in physically interesting nonlinear model constitutive laws. We obtain laws previously used to model a variety of hard and soft nonlinear elastic responses. A natural extension of the latter leads to a novel class of model constitutive laws where the stress and strain are given parametrically in terms of elliptic functions. Such models allow a change in the concavity of the stress-strain law. Such behavior can be observed in the compression of polycrystalline materials or in the unloading regimes of superelastic nickel-titanium.