Measurement of Cl and N quadrupole coupling in ClCN

J = 1 ← 0 and J = 2 ← 1 transitions in ³⁵ClCN and ³⁷ClCN were measured using a C-band waveguide spectrometer and phase-locked sources. Parameters obtained from the data are: $\text{B(}{}^{35}\text{ClCN) = 5 970.820 ± 0.010 MHz}$, $\text{B(}{}^{37}\text{ClCN) = 5 847.246 ± 0.008 MHz}$, $\text{eqQ(}{}^{35}\text{Cl) = ?83.26 ± 0.04 MHz}$, $\text{eqQ(}{}^{37}\text{Cl) = ?65.61 ± 0.04 MHz}$ and $\text{eqQ(}{}^{14}\text{N) = ?3.60 ± 0.08 MHz}$.     

Hyperfine structure of the 53P1 state of 115Cdm

The magnetic fields at which Zeeman sublevels cross in the excited 5³P₁ state of the 43-day isomer ¹¹⁵Cd^m have been determined for three pairs of levels. The crossing fields are used to determine the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constant $\text{A(}{}^3\text{P}{}_1\text{) = ?656.491 (4)}\text{MHz}$ and the quadrupole constant $\text{B(}{}^3\text{P}{}_1\text{) = 129.39 (6)}\text{MHz}$.     

The nuclear quadrupole interaction in Pr3+:LaF3 — An optical-RF double resonance measurement of the ground electronic state

The nuclear quadrupole hyperfine splittings of Pr³⁺ in LaF₃ have been measured for the ground electronic state using a RF optical resonance technique. A hamiltonian $\text{H}\text{= P[(I}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{z}}\text{?}\text{1}\text{3}\text{I(I+1) + (η/6)(I}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{?I}$²_-)] was fitted to the data with zP=4.185 ± 0.003 MHzandη = 0.105 ± 0.010. Linewidths of 180 kHz were observed.     

Microwave spectrum and hyperfine structure in the rotational spectrum of diatomic gallium iodide

The J = 3←2 rotational transition of diatomic GaI molecule has been measured in the microwave region. The molecules were produced by a reaction of gallium and lead iodide in the heated zone of a splitted wave guide. The lines were observed in the 10-GHz frequency region at a reaction temperature 270–350°C. Molecular parameters have been derived for ⁶⁹Ga¹²⁷I and ⁷¹Ga¹²⁷I from the analysis of the hyperfine structure. Systematic variations in quadrupole coupling constants in III_a halides have been observed. Vibrational dependence of the nuclear quadrupole interaction for ⁶⁹Ga¹²⁷I can be written as follows: $\text{eq}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>v</mtext>}}\text{Q(}{}^{69}\text{Ga}\text{) = ?81.29(25) + 0.43(30)(v +}\text{1}\text{2}\text{)}\text{MHz}$, $\text{eq}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>v</mtext>}}\text{Q(}{}^{127}\text{I}\text{) = ?369.35(10) ? 2.54(16)(v +}\text{1}\text{2}\text{)}\text{MHz}$.     

Hyperfine structure determination of the 72D52state of 133Cs

The magnitude and sign of the hyperfine structure of $\text{7}{}^2\text{D}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$state of ¹³³Cs have been measured. We find the magnetic dipole coupling constant to be A = -1.7 (2) MHz.     

The quadrupole moments of the 5− states in 116Sn, 118Sn and 120Sn

The quadrupole interaction frequencies $\text{ω}{}_0\text{=}\text{3eQ}{}_1\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{zz}}\text{41(21-1)}\text{h}\text{?}$ in the 5^? state of ¹¹⁸Sn have been measured by time differential perturbed angular correlation technique in Sn, Sb and (95% Sn+5% Sb) environments. The ω₀ for ¹¹⁶Sn was determined in Sn environment only. With the help of the known electric field gradient ¹) of Sn in a Sn lattice the quadrupole moments have been deduced as $\text{Q(5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{,}{}^{118}\text{Sn}\text{) = ±0.10(4) b}\text{and}\text{Q(5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{,}{}^{116}\text{Sn}\text{) = ±0.165(60)}\text{b}$. These values together with the known²) quadrupole moment of the analogous 5^? state in ¹²⁰Sn are interpreted in terms of the pure single-particle model. The data exhibit the expected strong systematic variation of Q_I with the number of particles in the h_{$\text{11}\text{2}$}. subshell which is being filled with 1, 3 and 5 neutrons in ¹¹⁶Sn, ¹¹⁸Sn, and ¹²⁰Sn, respectively.     

Quadrupole moment of the 5−2, 134 keV state in 197Hg

The quadrupole interaction for the $\text{5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{2}\text{, 134}\text{keV}$ state of ¹⁹⁷Hg in solid Hg was observed by the e^?-γ time differential perturbed angular correlation method. The quadrupole coupling constant ν_Q=126 (2) MHz is derived. By comparison with experimental quadrupole coupling constants for ¹⁹⁹Hg in Hg and HgCl₂ as well as for ²⁰¹Hg in HgCl₂ the quadrupole moment of the $\text{5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{2}\text{, 134}\text{keV}$ state in ¹⁹⁷Hg is related to that of the ²⁰¹Hg ground state, which is known. The value $\text{Q(}{}^{197}\text{Hg}\text{,}\text{5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{2}\text{, 134}\text{keV}\text{)=0.47(6)}\text{b}$ is deduced. This value is not in agreement with the assumption of a $\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ shell-model configuration for the 134 keV state. It is consistent with an interpretation of the $\text{5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{2}$ level in terms of the core coupling model of de Shalit.     

Cyclotron resonance observation on the electron lenses of molybdenum Fermi surface

Using a previously described transmission method, cyclotron resonance of electrons on the lens of the Fermi surface of molybdenum was observed. The resonance signals were recorded in Azbel-Kaner configuration with the magnetic field B parallel to the (110) plane of a monocrystal of thickness d = 0.15 mm.The effective mass of the electrons was determined as $\text{m>}{}^1\text{= (0.183 ± 0.002)m}{}_0\text{; m}{}^1\text{= (0.261 ± 0.008)m}{}_0$ and $\text{m}{}^1\text{= (0.29 ± 0.02)m}{}_0$ for B at angles of 0°; 3°; and 7.4° with respect to the crystallographical 〈110〉 direction. For these orientations of B and applying the method of cyclotron resonance cut-off observation, the dimensions of the electron lens were determined.     

Nuclear moments of the low abundant natural isotope 176Lu and hyperfine anomalies in the lutetium isotopes

The atomic beam magnetic resonance method combined with laser-induced state- and isotopeselective detection of metastable atoms has been used to investigate the hyperfine structure of the ²D ground multiplet in ¹⁷⁵Lu and ¹⁷⁶Lu. The analysis of the data yields not only accurate values for the hyperfine interaction constants, the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of ¹⁷⁵Lu, and the electronic g_J, factors, but also the first directly measured value of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of the low abundant isotope ${}^{176}\text{Lu}\text{: μ}{}_{\mathrm{I}}\text{(}{}^{176}\text{Lu) = 3.1692 (45)μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}$ (corrected for diamagnetic shielding). The spectroscopic quadrupole moment of ¹⁷⁶Lu was calculated from the ratio of the B-factors and the quadrupole moment of ${}^{175}\text{Lu}\text{: Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{176}\text{Lu}\text{) = 4.92 (3)}\text{b}$. Moreover, the magnetic hyperfine anomalies for the isotopic chain ^{175,176,176m,177}Lu were determined. A quadrupole hyperfine anomaly between ¹⁷⁵Lu and ¹⁷⁶Lu was not found when comparing the ratio of the B-factors in the states ${}^2\text{D}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{and}{}^2\text{D}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$. From a comparison of the quadrupole moment of ¹⁷⁵Lu obtained from the hyperfine structure data and the quadrupole moment measured in muonic lutetium atoms semi-empirical Sternheimer shielding factors could be estimated.     

Mössbauer spectroscopy study of iodine and tellurium atoms in solid argon

Mössbauer effect studies were performed on the nucleogenic ¹²⁵Te and ¹²⁹I monomers formed by the decay of their respective parents ^125mTe and ^129mTe embedded in solid argon at 4.2 K. Rare-gasmatrix-isolation (RGMI) and ion implantation techniques were combined to produce those extremely diluted Mössbauer emitters. The ¹²⁵Te spectrum is composed of a quadrupole split component with splitting $\text{e}{}^2\text{qQ}\text{2}\text{= 9.2(4)}\text{mm}\text{s}$ and isomer shift $\text{IS = + 0.35(5)}\text{mm}\text{s}$, and a single line component with $\text{IS = +0.15(5)}\text{mm}\text{s}$ with respect to a ZnTe absorber. They are attributed to Te⁰ and Te^?1 species, respectively. The ¹²⁹I spectrum is composed of a single quadrupole split component with $\text{e}{}^2\text{qQ = ?685(20) MHz and IS = +0.75(4)}\text{mm}\text{s}$ with respect to a ZnTe source. This species is attributed to I⁰. Two novel single-line absorbers with high f values at RT were developed for the Te and I experiments, e.g. Mg₃TeO₆ and Na₅IO₆. Based on our results for Te⁰ and Te^?1 and on relativistic Dirac-Slater atomic calculations, a new IS calibration curve under the form of a nonlinear relationship of IS versus the number of p holes (h_p) in the closed shell configuration of 5s²5p⁶ is established for ¹²⁵Te. The IS data of the I⁰ monomer are used to refine the IS(h_p) relationship for ¹²⁹I. From these new calibration curves values are deduced for the change in mean-squared charge radius Δ〈r²〉 = 3.4(3) 10^?3fm² for ${}^{125}\text{Te and Δ〈r}{}^2\text{〉 = 19.9(7) 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}\text{fm}{}^2$ for ¹²⁹I, respectively. The origin of the quadrupole interaction and the experimental features of this RGMI-implantation-Mössbauer emission spectroscopy are fully discussed.     

Measurement of the electric quadrupole moment of the 482 keV state of 181Ta by the time differential perturbed angular correlation technique

The electric quadrupole interaction of the 482 keV state of ¹⁸¹Ta in an environment of metallic rhenium has been investigated by time differential angular correlation measurements. For the field gradient calibration a recent observation^{1, 2}) of the quadrupole splitting of the 6.3 keV line of ¹⁸¹Tain the same environment has been used. Adopting the quadrupole moment of the ground state which was derived from muonic X-ray data ³) we obtain $\text{Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(482}\text{keV}\text{) = 2.51 ± 0.15}\text{b}$. A comparison of the intrinsic quadrupole moment Q₀ with that of the ground state revealed that the excited state is slightly less deformed: $\text{Q}{}_0\text{(}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)/Q}{}_0\text{(}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{) = 0.936 ± 0.014}$. A measurement of the temperature dependence between liquid nitrogen and room temperature showed that the electric quadrupole interaction remains essentially constant.     

Atomic-beam investigations of some antimony nucleides

The nuclear spins of some antimony isotopes and the hyperfine structure constants of ¹¹⁷Sb have been measured by the atomic-beam magnetic resonance method. The results are ¹¹⁶Sb (16min) $\text{I = 3,}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>116</mtext><mtext>m</mtext>}}\text{Sb}\text{(60.4}\text{min}\text{)I = 8,}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>118</mtext><mtext>m</mtext>}}\text{Sb}\text{(5.0}\text{h}\text{) I = 8,}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>120</mtext><mtext>m</mtext>}}\text{Sb}\text{(5.76}\text{d}\text{) I = 8,}{}^{128}\text{Sb}\text{(9.0}\text{h}\text{) I = 8}\text{and}{}^{117}\text{Sb}\text{(2.8}\text{h}\text{) a = ?305(5)}\text{MHz}\text{, b = 3(21)}\text{MHz}$. The corresponding nuclear moments of ${}^{117}\text{Sb}\text{, μ}{}_{\mathrm{I}}\text{= 3.43(6)}\text{n.m.}$ and Q = 0.2(1.2) b, have been evaluated through a direct comparison with known values in the stable nucleus ¹²¹Sb. The magnetic dipole moment which deviates from an earlier measurement, is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Projectile Coulomb excitation of 24Mg

The static quadrupole moment of the first excited J^π = 2⁺ state in ²⁴Mg and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability between this state and the ground state were measured via projectile Coulomb excitation. The quadrupole moment was deduced from the shapes of γ-ray angular distributions. The result is $\text{Q(}{}^{24}\text{Mg}\text{, 2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{) = ?0.27±0.05}\text{b}$. The transition strength was deduced from yield measurements and by comparison with the yields of target γ-rays, The result is $\text{B(}\text{E}\text{2; 0}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→ 2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{,}{}^{24}\text{Mg}\text{) = 0.044±0.003 e}{}^2\text{·}\text{b}{}^2$. The experimental measurements are compared with theoretical predictions and previous measurements and a detailed discussion is given of corrections to this type of reorientation experiment.     

Nuclear polarization of high-spin levels and the sign of the quadrupole moment of 54Fe(10+)

The determination of the sign of the quadrupole deformation at high spins requires an observation of the electric quadrupole interaction of polarized isomers in single crystals of non-cubic metallic hosts. The ⁵⁴Fe(10⁺) isomer was polarized, subsequent to its population by the (¹²C, p2n) reaction, by passage through an array of tilted carbon foils. The isomers were then recoil implanted into single crystals of zinc and cadmium and the tune differential modulations of the angular distribution of decay γ-rays were observed. Nuclear polarization values of P_I = 0.08(3)?0.18(5) were found for 13–17 polarizing foils, respectively, and a positive sign of the quadrupole moment was deduced. An improved value was established for the quadrupole moment: $\text{Q[}{}^{54}\text{Fe}\text{(10}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)] = + 29.7(4) e ·}\text{fm}{}^2$, in agreement with current shell-model predictions.     

Stroboscopic observation of quadrupole hyperfine interactions

A stroboscopic technique for the observation of quadrupole hyperfine interactions of isomeric nuclear states has been successfully developed. The inherent precision and resolution of this technique have been demonstrated by measuring the quadrupole hyperfine frequency for ${}^{69}\text{Ge(}\text{9}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}{}_1\text{, τ = 4.0μ)}$ in Zn metal at several temperatures; ω₀ = [19.67 ± 0.06] × 10⁶s^?1 (at 623 ± 3 K).     

Quadrupole moment of the β-emitter 17F

The quadrupole effect in the NMR of ${}^{17}\text{F}\text{(}\text{I}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{, T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 66}\text{s}\text{)}$ in a MgF₂ single crystal has been investigated. Production and implantation of polarized ¹⁷F through the ¹⁶O(d, n) reaction and the resulting asymmetric β-decay were utilized. The quadrupole coupling constant is determined to be |eqQ/h| = 8.41 ± 0.24 MHz with η = 0.32 ± 0.02 at room temperature. No appreciable temperature dependence of eqQ is found from 77 K up to 770 K. Using previously known results, the following ratios of the quadrupole moments are obtained; $\text{|Q(}{}^{17}\text{F}\text{,}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)| : |Q(}{}^{18}\text{F}{}^1\text{, 5}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)| : |Q(}{}^{19}\text{F}{}^1\text{,}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{| : |Q(}{}^{20}\text{F}\text{, 2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)|= 1 : (1.33 ± 0.08) : (1.24 ± 0.06) : (0.69 ± 0.02)}$. The additivity relation of Q between ¹⁷F, ¹⁷O, and ¹⁸F1 is discussed.     

Ground-state properties of 3h 184Ir and 14h 185Ir

The ground-state spectroscopic quadrupole moments of ${}^{184}\text{Ir [J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=(5}{}^{\mathrm{\pm }}\text{);t}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{=3.00]}$ and ${}^{185}\text{Ir (J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{;t}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 14}\text{h}\text{)}$ have been determined by nuclear orientation as +2.2(4) b and ?2.03(3) b, respectively. The negative QM of ¹⁸⁵Ir can be explained only by a $\text{J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{K=}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{1}\text{2}$ ground-state configuration. The positive QM of ¹⁸⁴Ir implies K ? 4 in contradiction to expectations of K=0, 1 in analogy to ¹⁸⁶Ir.     

l-type doubling transitions in Δ states of OCS

Molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy has been used to measure the l-type doubling transitions in carbonyl sulfide. Transitions in J = 4 to J = 20 have been observed for the (02²0) vibrational state and for J = 1 and J = 2 for the (03¹0) state. The data has been analyzed to give the v = 2 energy separation $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\Delta </mtext>}}{}^0\text{- E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\Sigma </mtext>}}{}^0\text{= ?5.7861(2) + 8.36(1) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?5}}\text{J(J + 1)}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, and the vibrational dependence of q to be 86.52(9)(v₂ + 1) KHz. The dipole moment of the (02²0) vibrational state is 0.6936(3) D.     

Band contour analysis of compounds with pure isotopes: The E fundamentals of HC35Cl3

The vibration-rotation transitions for v = 1 ← 0 of NO (${}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$) have been studied by using the technique of laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Five magnetic resonance lines are observed with three CO laser lines in the range from 1859 to 1886 cm^?1. From these, three zero-field transition frequencies, v = 1 ← 0; $\text{R(}\text{3}\text{2}\text{)}$, $\text{P(}\text{7}\text{2}\text{)}$, and $\text{P(}\text{9}\text{2}\text{)}$ are obtained with an accuracy of ±0.0007 cm^?1. The molecular constants which have been determined by borrowing centrifugal constants from a previous infrared work are $\text{B}{}_{02}{}^1\text{= 1.72004 ± 0.00006}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, $\text{B}{}_{12}{}^1\text{= 1.70212 ± 0.00010}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, and $\text{G(v = 1) ? G(v = 0) (}\text{for}{}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{) = 1875.8470 ± 0.0007}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$.