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钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
从钙钛矿复合氧化物独特的电子结构及晶体结构出发,分析归纳了其作为功能材料的理论规律,综述了它在导体透氧膜、气敏传感器、固体燃料电池、磁制冷和氧化还原催化剂等领域的研究新成果和应用进展,提出进一步研究的策略方案。 相似文献
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作为有机生物电子学领域的重要功能器件,有机电化学晶体管因其高跨导、低工作电压和良好的生物相容性等优势,在神经形态计算、生物传感、逻辑电路等领域中展现出潜在的应用前景.近年来,得益于有机混合离子-电子导体材料的设计和开发,有机电化学晶体管的器件性能取得了快速提升,并成功推动了器件的多元化应用.本文结合有机电化学晶体管的工作原理和器件评价参数,梳理了有机混合离子-电子导体材料在侧链工程和骨架工程等方面的设计策略和发展现状,重点介绍了p/n型分子设计、器件性能和应用的研究进展,最后总结了高效稳定可商业化有机混合离子-电子材料开发和应用的挑战与机遇. 相似文献
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钙钛矿型稀土氧化物价格低廉、结构可控、性质多样,在催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文从钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的结构类型、合成方法及电化学催化反应出发,总结了传统高温合成方法、火焰喷雾法、静电纺丝法和脉冲激光沉积法等几种最常用的合成方法,以及提升其氧析出反应(OER),氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR)催化能力的典型有效方法,概述了近年来钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在电解水、金属空气电池和固体氧化物燃料电池等能源转化储存装置的主要研究进展,进而对钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在能源转化储存领域的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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在ABO3钙钛矿型复合氧化物中,B离子的d电子结构对B3d-O2p之间的电荷转移能ΔCT及B-O之间的结合能起着关键作用,是影响ABO3复合氧化物光催化活性的一个重要因素.本文以研磨法和柠檬酸法合成了系列LaBO3(B=Ti-Co),并结合光催化降解实验和光声光谱图分析得出:LaBO3光催化活性随B离子3d电子数的递增而逐渐增加. 相似文献
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微盘电极应用在乙二醇离子导体中的伏安分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在聚乙二醇离子导体中,研究了二茂铁在其中的伏安性质,结果表明如果电活性物质与聚合物溶剂不发生相互反应,那么电活性物质在聚合物溶剂中的扩散仍然遵循Fick扩散方程,其伏安结果可以定量描述.提出了在聚合物离子导体中不需要知道电活性物质的摩尔浓度就可估算扩散系数的伏安方法,探索了在聚合物离子导体中电活性物质的扩散规律. 相似文献
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LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂上VOCs催化燃烧的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而LaMnO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好,氧化还原滴定实验表明,LaMnO3催化剂中锰以Mn4 (大约35%)和Mn3 价态存在,而在LaCoO3催化剂中发现钴均以Co3 价态存在;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,3种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇>甲苯>环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要约低40℃. 相似文献
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固态离子导体作为一种高能密度电池中的电解质在传感器中的实际应用受到了普遍关注。聚氧化乙烯与碱金属盐的复合物是其中研究得最早、最多的一类。但它在室温下电导率较低、力学性能不理想,人们正着力于研制综合性能优良的高分子固态离子导 相似文献
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Environmental catalysis has been steadily growing because of the advances in its scientific and engineering aspects,as well as due to the new environmental challenges in the industrial era.The development of new catalysts and materials is essential for new technologies for various environmental applications.Ceramics play important roles in various environmental applications including the identification,monitoring,and quantification of pollutants and their control.Ceramics have important applications as sensors and photocatalysts,and they are extensively used as catalyst carriers and supports.Many ceramics are being explored as catalysts for pollution control applications.Their low cost,thermal and chemical stability,and capability of being tailored make them especially attractive for pollution control applications.Although a wide variety of materials have been developed as catalyst supports,this area is still of interest with new or modified catalyst supports being frequently reported.It is of equal importance to develop new or modified processes for the loading of catalysts on specific supports.Applications like chemical looping combustion(CLC) and other catalytic combustion processes are raising the demands to a new scale.We have been working on the development of both new and modified support materials,including mesoporous materials without structural order for possible applications in CLC and other catalytic reactions.Successful attempts have been made in the modification of conventional γ-Al2O3 and improved synthesis processes for supporting perovskite type catalysts.Our research on environmental catalysis applications of ceramic materials and processes are also briefly discussed. 相似文献
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以共沉淀法制备出了纳米晶粒钙钛矿型LaCoO3和La0.8Sr0.2CoO3催化剂,并考察了其对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,实验结果表明该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而La0.8Sr0.2CoO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,三种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇>甲苯>环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要低约40℃,同时催化剂100h稳定性试验和表征结果表明,La1-xSrxCoO3(x=0、0.2)钙钛矿型催化剂有着很好的结构稳定性. 相似文献
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研究了K2CO3催化剂及惰性担体对铁基氧载体煤化学链燃烧的影响.实验结果表明,K2CO3的添加可明显促进铁基氧载体与煤之间的反应速率,其原因可归结为从氧载体上迁移到煤颗粒上的K2CO3对煤-CO2气化步骤的催化作用(该步骤为整个还原过程的速率控制步骤);由于K2CO3本身的促熔效果及加入K2CO3后导致的剧烈氧化还原反应,可以发现,K2CO3会增大铁基氧载体的烧结;不同惰性担体对铁基氧载体与煤的反应性影响不大,这是由于惰性担体对还原速控步没有影响;K2CO3在多循环化学链燃烧过程中依然可以保持一定的催化活性,另外由于催化剂的流失与失活,使得氧载体的反应活性有所下降. 相似文献
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基于水泥修饰的赤铁矿载氧体污泥化学链燃烧特性研究 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(11):1402-1408
采用水泥修饰赤铁矿来提高载氧体的反应活性。实验在1kWth串行流化床上进行,研究了添加水泥对污泥化学链燃烧特性的影响,考察其长期运行的物化性能。结果表明,在实验工况下,赤铁矿添加水泥后,出口的未燃气体浓度明显下降。燃料反应器温度低于870℃时,水泥的添加使污泥的碳转化率和燃烧效率显著升高。在10h长期运行后,一部分污泥灰沉积在载氧体表面。虽然在反应过程中部分的Fe2O3被深度还原,但在长期运行中未出现流化问题和烧结现象。 相似文献
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对天然的铁矿石加以钾基修饰,在流化床上进行了煤化学链燃烧循环实验。研究了改性后的铁矿石对气体产物浓度及含碳气体体积分数影响的持续力。钾基铁矿石缩短了反应时间并明显提高了CO2浓度;在20次循环中,钾基铁矿石能明显提高CO2体积分数并降低CO体积分数,11次循环后,CO2体积分数稍有减少,CO体积分数略有增加。借助于扫描电镜与电子能谱(SEM-EDX)和X射线衍射(XRD),对不同循环后的载氧体进行表征。与纯铁矿石相比,前10次循环钾基铁矿石载氧体表面严重烧结,20次循环之后烧结减轻,恢复多孔结构。结果表明,钾基铁矿石载氧体中KFe11O17或其衍生物对煤气化有催化作用;在20次循环中存在钾流失现象;20次循环后钾基铁矿石载氧体能完全氧化为Fe2O3。 相似文献
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为提高化学链燃烧中CaSO4载氧体的机械强度和反应活性,采用机械混合法制备了负载甘油、硅溶胶以及拟薄水铝石惰性载体的CaSO4载氧体,并对其机械强度、反应特性等进行了实验研究。结果表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可显著提高CaSO4载氧体的机械强度,而拟薄水铝石作用较小。热重还原实验表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可加快载氧体与甲烷的反应速率,缩短反应时间。XRD分析表明,惰性载体的加入不会影响CaSO4向CaS转化,CaSO4接近完全转化。 相似文献
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CeO/CoO氧载体的制备及其甲烷化学链燃烧性能研究 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(6):761-768
制备了系列甲烷化学链燃烧用CeO2/Co3O4复合氧载体,采用XRD、H2-TPR、甲烷程序升温和恒温反应对氧载体进行了表征与评价。研究了不同CeO2的负载量对复合氧载体的结构、氧化还原性、产物选择性的影响。结果表明,氧化铈的添加不仅降低了氧载体的初始反应温度,还延长了有效反应时间,但铈添加量过高会降低产物CO2选择性,使甲烷向部分氧化进行。CeO2(30%)/Co3O4氧载体在650 ℃经20次循环后甲烷转化率和CO2选择性均未明显降低,表现出较高的活性和化学链循环稳定性。 相似文献
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以廉价的钙铝水泥作为载氧体制备过程的载体,并以机械混合-挤压成型造粒法制备了基于Fe2O3为载氧体活性相、钙铝水泥为载体的新型载氧体。在单流化床反应器上研究了钙铝水泥添加比例以及钾添加剂对合成载氧体的化学链燃烧性能的影响。研究结果表明,合成载氧体中载体以Ca2Al2SiO7形式存在,钾的添加显著提高了煤气化反应速率以及煤转化速率,钾在稳定相中以K2Fe22O34存在。K2Fe22O34在煤化学链燃烧过程的催化性能体现在其作为储钾相与KFeO2相的形态转变过程中。 相似文献
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Fang He Hua Wang Yongnian Dai 《天然气化学杂志》2007,16(2):155-161
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of carbonaceous compounds has been proposed, in the past decade, as an efficient method for CO2 capture without cost of extra energy penalties. The technique involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier that transfers oxygen from combustion air to fuels. The combustion is carried out in a two-step process: in the fuel reactor, the fuel is oxidized by a metal oxide, and in the air reactor, the reduced metal is oxidized back to the original phase. The use of iron oxide as an oxygen carrier has been investigated in this article. Particles composed of 80 wt% Fe2O3, together with Al2O3 as binder, have been prepared by impregnation methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that Fe2O3 does not interact with the Al2O3 binder after multi-cycles. The reactivity of the oxygen carrier particles has been studied in twenty-cycle reduction-oxidation tests in a thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) reactor. The components in the outlet gas have been analyzed. It has been observed that about 85% of CH4 converted to CO2 and H2O during most of the reduction periods. The oxygen carrier has kept quite a high reactivity in the twenty-cycle reactions. In the first twenty reaction cycles, the reaction rates became slightly higher with the number of cyclic reactions increasing, which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results. The SEM analysis revealed that the pore size inside the particle had been enlarged by the thermal stress during the reaction, which was favorable for diffusion of the gaseous reactants into the particles. The experimental results suggested that the Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was a promising candidate for a CLC system. 相似文献
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《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2020,24(5):417-424
Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous manganese-based perovskite catalyst (3DOM AMnO3, A = Ce, La, Ni) were synthesized by PMMA hard-templating and impregnation method. Physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by means of various techniques including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, XPS and H2-TPR, and their catalytic activities were evaluated by toluene combustion. It was found that the 3DOM AMnO3 in each of the samples was perovskite in crystal structure, and only the samples possessed a good quality 3DOM architecture with a surface area of 48.8 m2/g. Due to the highest adsorbed oxygen species concentration (Oads/Olatt = 2.330), the best low-temperature reducibility (The low-temperature reduction peaks of 3DOM CeMnO3 catalysts occur at 425 °C) and the strong interaction between CeO2 and MnOx formed during calcination. The 3DOM CeMnO3 sample showed lower apparent activation energy (34.51 kJ·mol−1, SV = 15,000 h−1) and the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion, with the reaction temperatures (T50%, and T90%) required for achieving toluene conversions of 50%, and 90% being 100 °C, 172 °C at SV = 15,000 h−1, respectively. 相似文献