电注入着色溴化钾晶体光谱特性及激活能

利用电注入着色装置,分别使用点阴极与平板阳极和点阳极与平板阴极在不同条件下对溴化钾晶体进行电注入着色.点阴极注入时,在着色晶体中产生V色心和F色心,计算得到F色心激活能0.84 eV.点阳极注入时,在着色晶体中产生V色心,计算得到V色心激活能0.49 eV.对着色晶体进行系统的光谱测量,确定色心光谱吸收带的光谱参数.对比两种情况下测得的电流～时间关系曲线,解释其色心形成机理.     

电注入着色氟化钡晶体F色心的扩散激活能

在8组不同的温度和电压条件下,用自行设计的电注入实验装置对氟化钡晶体进行点阴极电注入着色.测试和分析了电注入着色前后氟化钡晶体的吸收光谱.研究结果表明:电注入着色后氟化钡晶体中产生了大量F色心.电注入过程中,F色心首先在阴极注入点附近产生,然后逐渐向阳极扩散.通过测试晶体着色深度并利用F色心迁移率与温度的关系确定出了电注入着色氟化钡晶体中F色心的扩散激活能.     

氙离子注入氯化钾和溴化钾晶体光谱特性

用36keV氙离子注入,有效地使氯化钾和溴化钾晶体着色.在室温下,对着色晶体进行系统光谱分析.在着色晶体中,观测到大量F、R、M和未知色心,并给出色心生成与转化机理.用解谱的方法,分别从着色氯化钾和溴化钾晶体吸收光谱中合理地分解出K、F、R、M和一些其它吸收带,并精确确定这些吸收带的光谱参数.     

氯化钠晶体电注入着色机理解释

用自行研制的电注入装置,在不同温度下对氯化钠晶体进行电注入并使之有效着色。在着色晶体中有效地产生大量F、胶体C、N和一些未知色心,给出色心形成机理。对着色氯化钠晶体进行了系统光谱测量确定出这些色心的吸收光谱带光谱参数。借助测得的电流和时间关系图,对经此种电注入着色晶体中色心形成提出机理解释。实验结果表明,电注入仅经单步过程,便可获得比以往采用其他方法着色并需经多步处理才能产生的多种类色心,更具实用性。     

氧化镁晶体电注入着色及光谱特性

用自行研制的电注入装置,在不同条件下对氧化镁晶体进行电注入并使之有效着色.在着色晶体中有效地产生大量F、F2和一些未知色心,并探讨了色心形成机理.对着色氧化镁晶体进行了系统光谱测量,确定这些色心的吸收光谱带光谱参数,并对色心形成过程进行分析.结果表明,随着电压的升高,通电时间增长,色心的浓度增大,电注入仅经单步过程,便可获得以往采用其他着色方法多步处理才能产生的多种类色心,更具实用性.     

氟化钡晶体电注入着色

在不同的温度,电压和时间条件下,经点阴极电注入,有效地使氟化钡晶体着色.在室温下,分别对着色前后的晶体进行系统光谱测量.在着色前的氟化钡晶体中未观测到明显的吸收峰.在着色后的氟化钡晶体中,观测到大量的F和FA色心以及一些未知色心.对不同电注入温度、电压和时间条件下的着色氟化钡晶体光谱进行比较分析,得到了经点阴极电注入着色氟化钡晶体色心强度随着色温度,电压和时间的变化规律并给出了色心形成机理以及色心强度随温度、电压和时间变化机理.     

点阳极电注入氯化钠晶体光谱特性及机理

利用电注入着色装置,使用点阳极和平板阴极在不同条件下对氯化钠晶体进行电注入着色.在着色晶体中产生大量V、F、胶体C和N心.对着色晶体进行系统的光谱测量,确定色心光谱吸收带的光谱参数.研究不同注入条件对色心浓度的影响.测得电流～时间关系曲线.计算出V色心的激活能小于F色心激活能,进而解释色心形成机理.     

电注入着色氯化钠晶体光谱特性及激活能

用自行研制的电注人装置,在不同条件下对氯化钠晶体进行电注人并使之有效着色.在着色晶体中有效地产生大量F、胶体C和N心,并研究了色心形成机理.对着色氯化钠晶体进行了系统光谱测量确定出这些色心的吸收光谱带光谱参数.通过计算得到氯化钠晶体F色心激活能为0.97eV.     

NaCl(OH-)色心晶体制备中的固态缺陷化学反应

采用提拉法生长单晶,通过附加金属着色、淬火、室温和液氮温度光聚集等过程,制备了NaCl：(F2^ )H色心激光晶体。研究了NaCl(OH)晶体中色心形成的固态化学反应,结果表明在附加着色过程中发生了热形成、热聚集、热结合和可逆反应,在淬火过程中发生了热分解和可逆反应,在光聚集过程中,发生了光聚集反应、异构化反应和可逆反应。     

Sr:BaF2晶体电子辐照诱生F型色心及其转型研究

测试和分析了Sr:BaF2晶体电子辐照前后以及辐照着色的样品光致转型过程的吸收谱.研究结果表明,能量为1.5MeV和1.8MeV的电子束对Sr:BaF2晶体的辐照注量达1015～1016cm-2时,诱生F-H对、F心及其与杂质的复合色心.用波长为632.8nm的He-Ne激光照射电子辐照着色的样品,可使F心转型成FA(Sr2+)心;再用钠光(589.0,589.6nm)照射,又可将FA(Sr2+)心部分回转成F心.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.