天文像复原迭代位移叠加法中的噪声偏差补偿

当工作于实际数据时，由于存在着多种噪声，导致了天文像复原迭代位移叠加法中的噪声偏差项，为消除这些噪声偏差项的影响，分别讨论了在观测目标和参考星的斑点数据期间由大气视宁度差异引入的系统误差和探测器严重的附加噪声产生的偏差，并给出了对这些噪声偏差项的补偿方法。     

用重谱检测天文迭代位移叠加法的收敛过程

在天文像复原“迭代位移叠加法”中，判定其迭代过程发展的方向和收敛结果是否正确是关键问题。根据斑点掩模法中目标重谱与目标像间的相互对应的性质，用目标重谱作为检验迭代结果的标准函数。用最小二乘法鉴别迭代过程的发展方向和收敛结果，因而可避免迭代过程的盲目性，并将得到正确复原像。     

对迭代位移叠加像复原方法的改进

迭代位移叠加法(ISA)是一种天文高分辨空域统计重建方法,对双星等多点源天文目标的空域统计重建试验表明,多点源目标的重建效果优于经典的重谱法,计算速度也比重谱法快.该方法不能直接应用于太阳或卫星等天文和空间扩展目标的高分辨重建中.因此对迭代位移叠加法进行修正后进行了不同光子水平下的人造卫星的高分辨重建的数值仿真试验.对暗弱扩展目标的仿真重建试验表明,修正的迭代位移叠加法具有明显的抑制光子噪声的效果,具有比重谱法等频域重建方法更好的重建效果.     

对迭代最小二乘法天文像复原方法的改进

在天文班点成像技术中，Hofmann等提出的迭代最小二乘法－－积木法，能避免在由被观测目标像的重谱复原相位谱时复杂的相位递推过程，因此相误差的传递和积累也被消除了，但在该方法中，存在着新的问题；需要大量投放木块的迭代次数和长时间的处理过程，为提高该方法的工作效率，用“迭代位移叠加法”对目标斑点图进行预处理，经少数几次位移叠加的步骤后，很快就提供了目标像的基本结构和分布，得到了积木块投放点的位置，从而避免了盲目投放，大大减少了迭代投放的次数，显著地提高了该方法的效率。     

测量单模光纤模场直径的一种新方法

本文根据单模光纤模场直径的横向位移定义,提出了一种测量模场直径的新方法——远场高斯掩模匹配法.讨论了几种测量及数据处理方法.最后给出了初步的实验结果.     

天文图像空域重建新方法：迭代位移叠加法

在天文斑点成像中 ,基于斑点图中一个新的位移基准点———目标的自相关极大值点 ,提出了一种在空间域中重建天文图像的迭代位移叠加法 (ISA法 ) ,它能有效地消除大气湍流影响 ,实现望远镜衍射受限分辨率天文成像。在阐述了该方法的基本原理之后 ,给出了一些天文目标的像复原实验     

数字剪切散斑干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法

给出一个数字剪切散斑干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法，当刚体位移大于一个像素时，加载前后的散斑图将会由于位置的变化导致失相关，重新安排每一个像素将会克服此失相关，散斑平均、条纹重构以及迭代方法用来改善条纹质量，消除散斑噪声，最后得到可取结果。     

数字剪切散班干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法

给出一个数字剪切散斑干涉术中的刚体位移补偿的新方法。当刚体位移大于一个像素时，加载前后的散斑图将会由于位置的变化导致失相关。重新安排每一个像素将会克服此失相关。散斑平均、条纹重构以及迭代方法用来改善条纹质量，消除散斑噪声，最后得到可取结果。     

基于斑点噪声的拖尾Rayleigh分布的合成孔径雷达图像最大后验概率降噪

为了反映合成孔径雷达图像中斑点噪声尖峰厚尾的统计特征，使用拖尾Rayleigh分布来描述斑点噪声.基于Gamma先验分布和斑点噪声的拖尾Rayleigh分布，推导出了合成孔径雷达图像的最大后验概率滤波方程，并给出了它在特定特征参数时的解析形式.使用Mellin变换从观察图像估计拖尾Rayleigh分布的未知参数.给出了在斑点噪声的拖尾Rayleigh分布下的最大后验概率降噪试验和量化指标.为了消除滑动窗大小和噪声强度对降噪结果的影响，给出了降噪能力随滑动窗大小和噪声方差的动态变化关系.结果表明，拖尾Ray 关键词： 斑点噪声 拖尾Rayleigh分布 最大后验概率降噪 Mellin变换     

基于累积梯度的裂缝提取算法

受光照条件和噪声影响, 采用摄像方法检测裂缝时, 常用的边缘提取算法适用性较差。为此, 提出累积梯度算法用于计算裂缝边界。首先采用自适应二值化方法和图像形态学操作得到掩模图像。将掩模图像作用于原始图像, 得到扩充的裂缝区域图像。对该图像进行迭代膨胀, 对图像灰度值相加得到累积灰度值, 再用膨胀前后2幅图像的累积灰度值相减其差值最大时为累积梯度, 并将膨胀前的图像作为提取的裂缝。实验结果表明该方法能够在复杂背景下提取得到裂缝。     

改正重谱中噪声偏差的正性约束方法和天文高分辨率像复原实验

虽然斑纹掩模法能有效地消除大气流噪声引起的像质衰变,实现望远衍射极限分辨率像复原,但实际的斑纹探测器都不同程度地存在着多种噪声,它们在斑纹图平均功率谱和重谱中产生的偏差将使模和位相的复原受到严重干扰而最终导致像复原的失败。本文讨论了斑纹掩模法像复原中的噪声问题。提出正重谱噪声偏差的正性约束方法,报道了对天文目标：双星ＡＤＳ１６８００和三星Ｈｌｄ１７１ＡＤＳ１６６４８）的高分辨率像复原观测。     

Enhancement of low-quality reconstructed digital hologram images based on frequency extrapolation of large objects under the diffraction limit

During the reconstruction of a digital hologram, the reconstructed image is usually degraded by speckle noise, which makes it hard to observe the original object pattern. In this paper, a new reconstructed image enhancement method is proposed, which first reduces the speckle noise using an adaptive Gaussian filter, then calculates the high frequencies that belong to the object pattern based on a frequency extrapolation strategy. The proposed frequency extrapolation first calculates the frequency spectrum of the Fourier-filtered image, which is originally reconstructed from the +1 order of the hologram, and then gives the initial parameters for an iterative solution. The analytic iteration is implemented by continuous gradient threshold convergence to estimate the image level and vertical gradient information. The predicted spectrum is acquired through the analytical iteration of the original spectrum and gradient spectrum analysis. Finally, the reconstructed spectrum of the restoration image is acquired from the synthetic correction of the original spectrum using the predicted gradient spectrum. We conducted our experiment very close to the diffraction limit and used low-quality equipment to prove the feasibility of our method. Detailed analysis and figure demonstrations are presented in the paper.     

Reduction of speckle noise in digital holography by using digital image processing

A fundamental problem in optical and digital holography is the presence of speckle noise in the reconstruction process. Many approaches have been carried out in order to overcome such a problem ranging from modifying the spatial coherence of the illumination (optical techniques) to image processing techniques (digital techniques). This work shows the merged use of digital image processing techniques in order to reduce the speckle noise in digital reconstruction of optically recorded Fresnel's holograms. The proposed filtering techniques are illustrated with experimental results.     

Speckle Reduction of Kinoform Reconstruction Utilizing the 2π Ambiguity of Image Phase Differences

An iterative speckle reduction method is proposed to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstruction of kinoforms. Because a kinoform only has phase modulation, the phase freedom of the reconstructed image is usually utilized for spectrum smoothing. We consider the speckle noise as isolated zeros among the discrete reconstructed points. An isolated zero leads to a 2 circle of the image phase differences. Our proposed iterative speckle reduction method changes the image phase to avoid the 2 circles in the reconstructed points. Computer simulations are shown to demonstrate the effect of our method.     

激光相干场成像散斑噪声复合去噪方法

噪声是影响激光相干场高分辨成像系统像质的重要因素,激光相干场成像系统既受背景光加性噪声影响,又受激光乘性散斑噪声影响.为解决激光相干场成像系统受激光乘性散斑噪声和背景光加性噪声叠加引起的成像像质退化效应问题,从噪声抑制角度提高激光相干场系统高分辨成像像质,研究建立了激光散斑乘性噪声和背景光加性噪声对大气下行链路激光回波场信号影响干扰模型,并基于该模型提出了一种基于同态滤波和稀疏基追踪级联复合去噪算法.首先基于同态滤波理论将激光乘性散斑噪声转化为加性噪声,再由高通滤波器滤除散斑噪声,最后采用基追踪稀疏理论方法抑制背景光等加性噪声对像质的影响.研究表明,较现有单一去噪方法,该级联复合去噪方法可一次性消除激光乘性散斑噪声和背景加性噪声两种不同性质的噪声,有效改善了激光相干场成像质量.     

Study on the reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital hologram

As one of the most important 3-D display technique, reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography should be grounded on the digital hologram itself. Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, the optical distributions of recorded object and reconstructed image of digital holography have been studied. It has been proposed that the root formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image is the speckle noise formed on the recorded object surface when illuminated by coherent light because of its optical roughness. A novel approach has been presented to reduce speckle noise in digital holography by changing the interference structure of hologram itself. First, by reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image, the distribution of ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise is acquired. Then in turn, taking the ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise as ideal object light, a new hologram can be rebuilt, which can reconstruct the ideal object light. The experimental results are given to confirm the proposed method. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

基于Rician分布的散斑噪声的超声图像模拟算法*

为了衡量各种去噪算法的性能,在干净无噪声的图像上添加接近真实且可控的散斑噪声是非常重要的,提出一种基于Rician分布的不完全发育的斑点噪声的超声图像模拟算法。该算法考虑到了声波区域中包含孤立的强散射体的情况,同时结合了超声成像的扫描过程。以合成图像和肾脏图像为体模进行了模拟实验,并对最终生成的伪超声图像进行了噪声分布统计及拟合检验。实验结果表明该算法生成的伪超声图像在视觉上和理论上都接近真实的超声图像。     

The influence of hologram aperture on speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography and its reduction

Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, we study the formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image and acquire the conclusion that the small size of hologram aperture diffraction aggravates the speckle noise of reconstructed image and the speckle noise has been one of primary noise sources in the reconstruction process. In order to reduce the speckle noise resulting from little hologram aperture diffraction, we set an appropriate aperture function matching the recording parameter and aperture size of hologram and deconvolve the reconstructed image with it. The validity has been proved in theory and experiment. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.