PbnSn(n=1～19)合金团簇的结构稳定性及其半导体-金属性转变

基于密度泛函理论(DFT),采用广义梯度近似(GGA)计算了PbxSn(n=1～19)合金团簇的结构演化、结合能和电子结构.结果表明Sn原子的掺杂增强了Pbn团簇的稳定性,其碎裂行为也很好地符合了已有的实验结果.随着PbnSn合金团簇尺寸的增加,其几何结构由类似于密堆积构型向松散构型演化,具体的转变尺寸为总原子数N=14.PbnSn团簇的HOMO-LUMO能隙呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,在6原子时达到最大值1.6 eV,表现出显著的半导体性质和尺寸依赖.当N≥7时,能隙振荡减小,呈现出微弱的半导体性向金属性的转变行为.     

PbnSn(n=1-19)合金团簇电偶极矩和极化率的研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的有限电场方法对PbnSn(n=1-19)团簇的电偶极矩和极化率进行研究。PbnSn(n=1-19)合金团簇的高对称性抑制其电偶极矩的产生。在团簇原子总数N＜14时，团簇的电偶极矩与能隙表现出相反的变化趋势（同一尺寸下，高能隙与低电偶极矩相对应），然而在14≤N≤19范围内，由于构型生长方式的转变，能隙与电偶极矩展现出相同的演化趋势。研究所得的极化率与实验值在部分尺寸相符合较好，但总体上与实验值还有一定的差别，这可能是实验中包含混合态或激发态的缘故。     

PbnSn(n=1-19)合金团簇电偶极矩和极化率的研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的有限电场方法对PbnSn(n=1-19)团簇的电偶极矩和极化率进行研究。PbnSn(n=1-19)合金团簇的高对称性抑制其电偶极矩的产生。在团簇原子总数N＜14时，团簇的电偶极矩与能隙表现出相反的变化趋势（同一尺寸下，高能隙与低电偶极矩相对应），然而在14≤N≤19范围内，由于构型生长方式的转变，能隙与电偶极矩展现出相同的演化趋势。研究所得的极化率与实验值在部分尺寸相符合较好，但总体上与实验值还有一定的差别，这可能是实验中包含混合态或激发态的缘故。     

(PbSn)n (n=1~10)合金团簇稳定性及金属性的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的第一性原理研究了合金团簇(PbSn)n (n=1~10)的稳定性及金属性。结果显示：同比例铅锡合金团簇具有与单质铅、锡团簇相同的幻数尺寸,但结构特点却与单质团簇不同,铅、锡原子间首先各自形成单质团簇,然后再结合成合金团簇,且表现出松散型与密堆积型的有机结合。另外,(PbSn)n (n=1~10)团簇构型在N=14处发生突变：类似于密堆积构型向层状转变,同时HOMO-LUMO能隙具有先增大后减小的趋势,并出现微弱的半导体向金属转变的行为,而且团簇原子总数为20的HOMO-LUMO能隙较相同尺寸单质团簇的还低,说明合金团簇具有比单质团簇更好的导电性。     

(PbSn)n(n=1～10)合金团簇稳定性及金属性的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理研究了合金团簇(PbSn)n(n=1～10)的稳定性及金属性.结果显示:同比例铅锡合金团簇具有与单质铅、锡团簇相同的幻数尺寸,但结构特点却与单质团簇不同,铅、锡原子间首先各自形成单质团簇,然后再结合成合金团簇,且表现出松散型与密堆积型的有机结合.另外,(PbSn)n(n=1～10)团簇构型在N=14处发生突变:类似于密堆积构型向层状转变,同时HOMO-LUMO能隙具有先增大后减小的趋势,并出现微弱的半导体向金属转变的行为,而且团簇原子总数为20的HOMO-LUMO能隙较相同尺寸单质团簇的还低,说明合金团簇具有比单质团簇更好的导电性.     

(MgC)_n(n=1-10)团簇结构稳定性及金属性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对同比例二元团簇(MgC)_n(n=1-10)的结构稳定性和金属性进行比较系统的研究.结果显示:当原子总数N=2,4,6,8,12时,二元团簇的结构为平面形状,其余为对称性较低的三维构型,且Mg_3C_3为幻数结构.另外,在二元团簇的形成过程中,镁、碳原子并不是均匀分布于空间中,而是首先形成各自倾向的构型,再结合成团簇.同时,(MgC)_n(n=1-10)二元团簇的基态结构在原子总数N=10时发生突变,由平面形向三维结构转变.此外,最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙值除N=8外呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在同比例二元团簇随尺寸增加的演化中出现半导体性与金属性间的相互转变行为.     

(MgC)n (n=1~10)团簇结构稳定性及金属性第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对同比例二元团簇(MgC)n (n=1~10)的结构稳定性和金属性进行比较系统的研究。结果显示：当原子总数N=2, 4, 6, 8, 12时,二元团簇的结构为平面形状,其余为对称性较低的三维构型,且Mg3C3为幻数结构。另外,在二元团簇的形成过程中,镁、碳原子并不是均匀分布于空间中,而是首先形成各自倾向的构型,再结合成团簇。同时,(MgC)n (n=1~10)二元团簇的基态结构在原子总数N=10时发生突变,由平面形向三维结构转变。此外,最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙值除N=8外呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在同比例二元团簇随尺寸增加的演化中出现半导体性与金属性间的相互转变行为。     

(MgC)n (n=1~10)团簇结构稳定性及金属性第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对同比例二元团簇(MgC)n (n=1~10)的结构稳定性和金属性进行比较系统的研究。结果显示：当原子总数N=2, 4, 6, 8, 12时,二元团簇的结构为平面形状,其余为对称性较低的三维构型,且Mg3C3为幻数结构。另外,在二元团簇的形成过程中,镁、碳原子并不是均匀分布于空间中,而是首先形成各自倾向的构型,再结合成团簇。同时,(MgC)n (n=1~10)二元团簇的基态结构在原子总数N=10时发生突变,由平面形向三维结构转变。此外,最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙值除N=8外呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在同比例二元团簇随尺寸增加的演化中出现半导体性与金属性间的相互转变行为。     

第一性原理计算MgBeN（N=1～7）团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质

本文从第一性原理出发，利用密度泛函理论（DFT）计算了MgBeN（N=1—7）团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质．计算结果表明，MgBeN（N=1—7）团簇最低能量结构的对称性与单一组分的镀团簇相比有所降低，Mg-Be最近邻原子间距和能隙随团簇尺寸的增加出现了振荡现象，从结构稳定性上来看。N=3是MgBeN（N=1—7）团簇的一个幻数。     

In_nAs_n(n=1～20)小团簇几何结构与电子性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,采用B3LYP下的赝势基组LanL2DZ,研究了In_nAs_n（n=1～20）团簇的基态几何结构、相对稳定性、电子性质及其振动光谱.结果表明,当n=5～11时团簇的基态构型为层状结构;当n=12～20时团簇的基态构型为笼状结构.团簇平均结合能、二阶能量差分和HOMO-LUMO能隙均在n=9,12,18出现极大值,说明In₉ As₉、In₁₂ As₁₂和In₁₈ As₉18)为幻数团簇.另外,HOMO-LUMO能隙的计算结果表明In_nAs_n（n=1～20）团簇具有宽带隙半导体特征.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.