一种气体低温吸附模型与计算

研究化学氧碘激光器中工作气体氧的低温吸附.考察气体流过沸石多孔床的压力与速度的关系,建立吸附剂吸收的物质量与气流中物质量关系的吸附平衡方程.由吸附物量较少的特点,得出在确定的压力梯度下速度近似为常数.吸附平衡方程与吸附速率方程,构成低温吸附模型方程,其中,亨利等温线方程作为辅助关系.对模型方程做数值求解,得到气流中单态氧浓度及吸收的单态氧浓度随时间变化的规律,及浓度分布的长时间渐近特征.     

气体临界温度以上吸附平衡的预测研究

采用容积法测定了CH4和N2 在微孔活性炭K0 2上的吸附平衡数据 ,温度为 2 73～ 333K ,压力为 0～12MPa .提出了一个可以从单一气体吸附等温线预测其它条件下吸附平衡的理论模型 .该模型考虑了临界温度以上吸附相密度和饱和吸附量与温度的关系 ,并采用孔径分布来表征吸附剂表面吸附势场的不均一性 ,局部方程使用Langmuir描述 .利用此模型预测了CH4和N2 在K0 2活性炭上的吸附平衡 ,在所研究的温度、压力范围内的整体预测偏差不超过 3% .另外 ,对文献中不同实验条件下气体临界温度以上的吸附平衡进行了研究 ,在较宽的范围内也取得了很好的预测结果     

氯气/BHP液滴化学反应流动一维数值模拟

为研究横向均匀液滴发生器的机理,对Cl₂/He气体横向流过BHP液滴场的物理化学行为建立一维化学反应流动模型.其中气流场按不可压缩假设近似为一维均匀流动;发生于液滴内的化学反应由四种物质的反应扩散方程描述;气相中各种物质浓度由对流扩散方程描述.液滴是这些物质的源或汇,两个模型方程通过此源项相联系.对模型方程作数值求解.结果显示,氯气利用率、单态氧产率及效率与文献所提供的实验结果较为接近,反映了所建模型具备模拟混合气体与BHP液滴反应的基本能力.     

沸石～湿空气系统共吸附平衡曲线的实验测定

1前言干沸石对水蒸汽分子具有强烈的吸附能力，早在七十年代就有人提出利用沸石的吸附～脱附循环实现制冷、供热及对太阳能的低温储存，这是能源领域中的前沿课题。沸石的吸附平衡曲线是定量分析沸石吸附～脱附循环的基础。吸附平衡方程描写吸附剂（沸石）与吸附质（湿空气）处于吸附平衡状态时，吸附量随系统的温度、压力（或浓度）的变化规律。吸附平衡方程目前尚无法由理论导出，完全依赖于实验测取吸附平衡数据，经拟合得到其经验表达式。传统的平衡吸附量测定法分静态吸附法和动态吸附法[1]。文献[2-3]报导的几种沸石的吸附量测定均属…     

亚声速段横向射流对Coil性能影响的数值研究

在化学氧碘激光的混合喷管内发生的是一个气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响.利用三维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,对COIL的气动和增益特性进行探讨.在不同的射流穿透条件下,计算COIL混合喷管中的混合与化学反应过程,发现穿透深度决定了增益的分布特性以及过度穿透条件下的非定常结构.     

亚声速段横向射流对C0il性能影响的数值研究

在化学氧碘激光的混合喷管内发生的是一个气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响.利用三维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,对COIL的气动和增益特性进行探讨.在不同的射流穿透条件下,计算COIL混合喷管中的混合与化学反应过程,发现穿透深度决定了增益的分布特性以及过度穿透条件下的非定常结构.     

COIL基于小信号增益系数的最佳流量配比选择

 氧碘化学激光器(COIL)的混合喷管内发生的是气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响。利用3维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程,结合10种组分和21个基元反应的化学反应模型,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型在亚声速段横向射流情况下,不同的主副流流量配比对小信号增益系数的影响情况进行了比较与分析。结果证明:过高或过低的碘分子浓度均不利于产生合理的小信号增益系数;存在最佳流量配比使小信号增益系数得到显著提高且分布均匀。     

高马赫数高压力的氧碘化学激光器阵列喷管的数值模拟

 采用计算流体力学方法,研究了以氮气为载气的新型高总压氧碘化学激光器(COIL)阵列喷管。模拟结果表明:采用高马赫数的氮气流引射低马赫数的氧气流,可以提高光腔出口的驻点压力;高超声速的氮气与声速的氧气混合较慢,在喷管出口安装翼片有利于增强气流混合;喷管出口安装大翼片,翼片诱导的横向涡可以到达氮喷管的中心,光腔内混合比较充分。通过采用10组分21反应的化学反应模型,模拟了阵列喷管内多组分气体的混合和化学反应过程。模拟结果表明：光腔内生成了激发态碘原子和基态碘原子,光腔中获得了正增益,而且光腔出口的总压也由2.6 kPa提升至28.9 kPa。     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下,改变输入氧碘化学激光器(COIL)光腔总气流流量,数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等,通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍,氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差,但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变.     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

 在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下，改变输入氧碘化学激光器（COIL）光腔总气流流量，数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等，通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出：输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍，氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差，但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变。     

COIL低温真空吸附床结构的改进

 压力恢复系统是氧碘化学激光器的重要组成部分。采用低温真空吸附系统作为氧碘化学激光器的压力恢复系统，吸附床的吸附性能决定着低温真空吸附系统的压力恢复性能。通过改变液氮在传热过程中的流动状态，改善液氮与吸附床之间的热交换效率。对两种不同结构吸附床的传热系数进行了计算及实验验证，结果表明:当液氮在传热过程中的流动状态由环状流变为泡状流时，可以很好地改善液氮与吸附床的传热效率。改进后的液氮与吸附床的传热系数提高了2.2倍，提高了吸附床的吸附性能。     

NMR studies of hydrocarbon gas flow and dispersion

It is demonstrated that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) flow imaging on the basis of phase encoding of flow velocities as well as NMR flow tagging can be successfully employed to visualize laminar but not necessarily fully developed flow of thermally polarized hydrocarbon gases at atmospheric pressure. Gas flow in the nonconsolidated bed composed of solid glass beads was characterized by the displacement NMR spectroscopy on the basis of pulsed-field-gradient-stimulatedecho NMR technique. The effective diffusivity values and aerodynamic dispersion coefficients on the time scale from milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds were extracted from the experimental data. In a similar experiment with the beds composed of porous silica gel grains, strong adsorption of hydrocarbon gases was observed.     

以氮气为载气的千瓦级COIL的初步实验研究

 首次在氯气流量为110mmol/s、采用方列管型射流式O₂(¹Δ)发生器(SPJSOG)以及列阵式超音速氧碘混合喷管的COIL装置上，以氮气替代氦气作为载气进行出光实验研究。初步实验获得1.8kw的激光输出功率以及18%的化学效率。     

氧碘化学激光器废气排放污染评价北大核心CSCD

氧碘化学激光器运行过程中会将氯气、碘蒸气等有毒有害物质排入大气,对工作场所空气质量和人员健康存在安全隐患。采用点源扩散的高斯模式,建立了小风条件下氧碘化学激光器废气的扩散模型,结合工作场地人员分布情况,计算得到激光器废气排放后15min内,距地面1.5m高度、距排放点500m范围内废气中有毒成分氯气和碘的质量浓度空间分布。根据质量浓度空间分布情况,选取采样点,以Na_2SO_3溶液作为吸收液对氯气和碘进行了同时采样,并采取离子色谱测量了吸收液中氯离子和碘离子的质量浓度。结果表明:氧碘化学激光器废气排入大气后,氯气质量浓度最高为0.200mg/m^3,碘蒸气质量浓度小于检测方法的检出限0.030mg/m^3,低于国家职业卫生标准规定的最高容许质量浓度限值1mg/m^3。     

A Chemosorption Vacuum Pump for a Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser with CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Buffer Gases

We present the design and investigation of a novel chemosorption vacuum pump (CSVP) for discharging the exhaust gases of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser system diluted with carbon dioxide (CO₂-COIL). The CSVP comprises two fixed-bed reactors separately filled with CO₂/H₂O and O₂/I₂/Cl₂ adsorbents, which can efficiently chemically absorb the CO₂-COIL exhaust gases at room or higher temperature. We consider the effects of the adsorbents in different specifications and fixed beds of various constructions on the adsorption performance of the CSVP. We develop and study the sealed CO₂-COIL system with the CSVP. We achieve a stable operation with a cumulative duration time of 40 s for four runs and an average output power up to 2.0 kW at a Cl₂ flow rate of ～158 mmol/s and a CO₂ flow rate of 132 mmol/s. The experimental results indicate that the COIL system with the CSVP performs similarly to a conventional COIL with a vacuum tank. Taking into account that the CSVP is free of vibration and noise, avoids air pollution, is easily operated, and has a short preparation time, we believe that the chemosorption vacuum pump is an excellent alternative pump system for a transportable COIL system.     

COIL超声速流动的水汽凝结效应数值模拟

 在开发的化学氧碘激光器3维化学反应流程序中增设水汽凝结功能，模拟了以氦气和氮气作稀释气体条件下，基于RADICL装置喷管中含水汽凝结的流动。模拟结果给出了水汽凝结形成的5种尺寸液滴的数密度分布及流场各物理量分布，比较了有无水汽凝结时气流的压力、温度、增益分布的变化。模拟结果发现，凝结使气流温度在靠近喉部的下游升高，增益峰值增高。     

Coupled radiation and turbulent multiphase flow in an aluminised solid propellant rocket engine

We present in this paper numerical simulations of coupled radiative transfer and turbulent flows at high temperature and pressure, typical of multiphase flows encountered in aluminised solid propellant rocket engines. The radiating medium is constituted of gases and of liquid or solid particles of oxidised aluminum. The turbulent flow of the gaseous phase is treated by using a four equation, low Reynolds number, boundary-layer-type turbulence model. The distributions of concentrations, temperatures, and temperature fluctuation variances of particles are calculated from a Lagrangian approach and a turbulence dispersion model. Thermal and mechanical non-equilibrium between the gas and different classes of particles is allowed. A locally one dimensional, iteratively based, radiative transfer solver is developed to compute wall fluxes and radiative source terms. It is shown that the thermal boundary layer attenuates significantly the radiative fluxes coming from the outer regions. Particle radiation is found to be much more important than gas radiation. Turbulent dispersion of particles in the boundary layer induces a decrease of particle concentration in the region of maximum turbulent kinetic energy, and then, decreases the attenuation effect of wall fluxes due to the boundary layer. The effects of turbulent temperature fluctuations are found to be small in the problem under consideration.     

氧碘化学激光器故障诊断技术

为了解决氧碘化学激光器通过常规诊断故障定位困难的问题,采用建立的氧碘化学激光器功率失常故障树模型,结合氧碘化学激光器常用的8个监测参数:碘腔压力、碘文氏管压力、p-t曲线、主氦压力、氯气压力、氧发生器压力、上游压力和光腔压力,提出采用故障树和在线监测参数相结合的办法,基于3σ法则的判断标准对氧碘化学激光器进行故障诊断,故障诊断正确率达到94.5%,并对出现的故障提出了改进措施。     

Spherical gas-fueled cool diffusion flames

An improved understanding of cool diffusion flames could lead to improved engines. These flames are investigated here using a spherical porous burner with gaseous fuels in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station. Normal and inverse flames burning ethane, propane, and n-butane were explored with various fuel and oxygen concentrations, pressures, and flow rates. The diagnostics included an intensified video camera, radiometers, and thermocouples. Spherical cool diffusion flames burning gases were observed for the first time. However, these cool flames were not readily produced and were only obtained for normal n-butane flames at 2 bar with an ambient oxygen mole fraction of 0.39. The hot flames that spawned the cool flames were 2.6 times as large. An analytical model is presented that combines previous models for steady droplet burning and the partial-burning regime for cool diffusion flames. The results identify the importance of burner temperature on the behavior of these cool flames. They also indicate that the observed cool flames reside in rich regions near a mixture fraction of 0.53.