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1.
Raman and FTIR spectra of guanidinium zinc sulphate [C(NH2)3]2Zn(SO4)2 are recorded and the spectral bands assignment is carried out in terms of the fundamental modes of vibration of the guanidinium cations and sulphate anions. The analysis of the spectrum reveals distorted SO42− tetrahedra with distinct S–O bonds. The distortion of the sulphate tetrahedra is attributed to Zn–O–S–O–Zn bridging in the structure as well as hydrogen bonding. The CN3 group is planar which is expressed in the twofold symmetry along the C–N (1) vector. Spectral studies also reveal the presence of hydrogen bonds in the sample. The vibrational frequencies of [C(NH2)3]2 and HC(NH2)3 are computed using Gaussian 03 with HF/6-31G* as basis set.  相似文献   

2.
The F3CCl?FH and F3CCl?FCH3 dimers, which feature the halogen–halogen contacts, are investigated at MP2/6–311++G(d,p) and MP2/aug–cc–pVDZ levels of approximation. The binding energies of these complexes are found to be comparable to those of the weak hydrogen bonds. In both complexes the Cl?F are found to be significantly shorter than the sum of the corresponding van der Waals radii. The C–Cl?F contacts are also found to exhibit certain deviation from linearity. However, the energy differences between linear and bent structures are very small and primarily accounted for by electrostatic interactions between remote parts of the dimer. This indicates a high conformational flexibility of the halogen–halogen contacts and may help to explain the diversity of structural features in crystals formed by halogen-containing molecules. In both dimers the halogen–halogen interaction leads to certain shortening of the C–Cl electron accepting bond. This is accompanied by a small increase of the C–Cl stretching frequency. Hence, the two investigated dimers can possibly be classified as the blue-shifting halogen–halogen contacts.  相似文献   

3.
Density functional B3LYP method with 6-31++G** basis set is applied to optimize the geometries of the luteolin, water and luteolin–(H2O)n complexes. The vibrational frequencies are also studied at the same level to analyze these complexes. We obtained four steady luteolin–H2O, nine steady luteolin–(H2O)2 and ten steady luteolin–(H2O)3, respectively. Theories of atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) are used to investigate the hydrogen bonds involved in all the systems. The interaction energies of all the complexes corrected by basis set superposition error, are within −13.7 to −82.5 kJ/mol. The strong hydrogen bonding mainly contribute to the interaction energies, Natural bond orbital analysis is performed to reveal the origin of the interaction. All calculations also indicate that there are strong hydrogen bonding interactions in luteolin–(H2O)n complexes. The OH stretching modes of complexes are red-shifted relative to those of the monomer.  相似文献   

4.
A set of phosphine complexes of the type W(CO)3(PX3)2(CH2CH2) (X=H, CH3, F, Cl, Br, and I) were investigated by density functional theory method (BP86) to examine the effect of the substituent X on the orientation of C-C vector of the ethylene ligand with respect to one of the metal-ligand bonds as well as the donation and the backdonation in the bonding ligands of phosphine and ethylene. When X=CH3, H, F, and Cl, the ethylene C-C vector prefers to be coplanar with metal-phosphine bonds, while for the ethylene complexes containing PBr3 and PI3 ligands, the structural preference is coplanarity of the ethylene and the metal-carbonyl bonds. The molecular orbital calculations and natural bond orbital analysis were used to examine the structural consequences derived from these complexes. It can be concluded that the structural preferences in the complexes have a clear relation to electronic effects of phosphine ligands. Our calculations for halide phosphine complexes, particularly for PBr3 and PI3, allow us to conclude that in addition to electronic effects, steric factors can also affect the orientation of the ethylene ligand in complexes.  相似文献   

5.
With replacement of N atoms by CH groups in the most stable chain isomer of N8H8, 34 possible isomers of Nn(CH)8−nH8 (n = 0–7) have been designed and optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis are carried out to study the bonding nature and relative stabilities of these conformers. G3MP2 method is applied to calculate energies and heats of formation. The results indicate that the hyperconjugation effect from lone pairs of nitrogen atoms to germinal C–N bonds is the major factor which caused the change of the C–N bond length. With the more replacement of nitrogen atoms by CH groups, the heats of formation of the isomers of Nn(CH)8−nH8 (n = 0–7) decrease gradually, but the energies increase linearly.  相似文献   

6.
Qinyu Li  Xuan Xu   《Acta Physico》2007,23(12):1875-1880
In order to study the effects of R group on Fe–Hg interactions and 31P chemical shifts, the structures of mononuclear complexes Fe(CO)3(PPh2R)2 (R=pym:1, fur: 2, py: 3,thi: 4; pym=pyrimidine, fur=furyl, py=pyridine, thi=thiazole) and binuclear complexes [Fe(CO)3(PPh2R)2(HgCl2)] (R=pym: 5, fur: 6, py: 7, thi: 8) were studied using the density functional theory (DFT) PBE0 method. The 31P chemical shifts were calculated by PBE0-GIAO method. Nature bond orbital (NBO) analyses were also performed to explain the nature of the Fe–Hg interactions. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The complexes with nitrogen donor atoms are more stable than those with O or S atoms. The more N atoms there are, the higher is the stabilility of the complex. (2) The Fe–Hg interactions play a dominant role in the stabilities of the complexes. In 5 or 6, thereisa σ-bond between Fe and Hg atoms. However, in 7 and 8, the Fe–Hg interactions act as σP–FenHg and σC–FenHg delocalization. (3) Through Fe→Hg interactions, there is charge transfer from R groups towards the P, Fe, and Hg atoms, which increases the electron density on P nucleus in binuclear complexes. As a result, compared with their mononuclear complexes, the 31P chemical shifts in binuclear complexes show some reduction.  相似文献   

7.
An ab initio computational study of the properties of the dihydrogen-bonded complexes of H2 − nXnAlH (n = 0–2; X = F, Cl) with the rare gas (Rg) compounds HArF and HKrF was carried out at the MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. For all the studied complexes, we found a low zero-point corrected binding energies. Large red shifts of the H–Rg vibrational stretching frequency in both complexes were predicted. Electrostatic interactions between the individual monomers are also predicted.  相似文献   

8.
The electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of [Hg3(o-C6F4)3]n · {benzene} (n = 1, 2) were studied at the HF, MP2 and PBE levels. The interaction between [Hg3(o-C6F4)3] and benzene at the HF and MP2 levels was analyzed. Secondary π-interactions (Hg–benzene) were found to be the main contribution short-range stability in the [Hg3(o-C6F4)3] · {benzene} complex. At the MP2 and PBE levels equilibrium Hg–C distances of 338.4 and 361.4 pm; and interaction energies of 46.6 and 29.2 kJ/mol were found, respectively. The absorption spectra of these complexes were calculated by the single excitation time-dependent method at PBE level.  相似文献   

9.
Infrared spectra of the title compounds with kröhnkite-type infinite octahedral–tetrahedral chains, K2Me(CrO4)2·2H2O (Me = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd), are presented in the regions of the uncoupled O–D stretching modes of matrix-isolated HDO molecules (isotopically dilute samples) and water librations. The strengths of the hydrogen bonds are discussed in terms of the respective OwO bond distances, the Me–water interactions (synergetic effect), the proton acceptor capability of the chromate oxygen atoms as deduced from Brown's bond valence sum of the oxygen atoms. The spectroscopic experiments reveal that hydrogen bonds of medium strength are formed in the chromates. The hydrogen bond strengths decrease in the order Cd > Zn > Ni > Co in agreement with the decreasing covalency of the respective Me–OH2 bonds in the same order, i.e. decreasing acidity of the water molecules. The infrared band positions corresponding to the water librations confirm the claim that the hydrogen bonds in K2Cd(CrO4)2·2H2O are stronger than those formed in K2Mg(CrO4)2·2H2O on one hand, and on the other—the hydrogen bonds in K2Ni(CrO4)2·2H2O are stronger than those in K2Co(CrO4)2·2H2O.  相似文献   

10.
Treatment of the vanadium(II) tetrahydroborate complex trans-V(η1-BH4)2(dmpe)2 with (trimethylsilyl) methyllithium gives the new vanadium(II) alkyl cis-V(CH2SiMe3)2(dmpe)2, where dmpe is the chelating diphosphine 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane. Interestingly, this complex could not be prepared from the chloride starting material VCl2(dmpe)2. The CH2SiMe3 complex has a magnetic moment of 3.8 μB, and has been characterized by 1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy. The cis geometry of the CH2SiMe3 complex is somewhat unexpected, but in fact the structure can be rationalized on steric grounds. The X-ray crystal structure of cis-V(CH2SiMe3)2(dmpe)2 is described along with that of the related vanadium(II) alkyl complex trans-VMe2(dmpe)2. Comparisons of the bond distances and angles for VMe2(dmpe) 2, V---C = 2.310(5) Å, V---P = 2.455(5) Å, and P---V---P = 83.5(2)° with those of V(CH2SiMe3)2(dmpe)2, V---C = 2.253(3) Å, V---P = 2.551(1) Å, and P ---V---P = 79.37(3)° show differences due to the differing trans influences of alkyl and phosphine ligands, and due to steric crowding in latter molecule. The V---P bond distances also suggest that metal-phosphorus π-back bonding is important in these early transition metal systems. Crystal data for VMe2(dmpe)2 at 25°C: space group P21/n, with a = 9.041(1) Å, b = 12.815(2) Å, c = 9.905(2) Å, β = 93.20(1)°, V = 1145.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, RF = 0.106, and RwF =0.127 for 74 variables and 728 data for which I 2.58 σ(I); crystal data for V(CH2SiMe3)2(dmpe)2 at −75°C: space group C2/c, with a = 9.652(4) Å, b = 17.958(5) Å, c = 18.524(4) Å, β = 102.07(3)°, V= 3140(3) Å3, Z = 4, RF = 0.033, and RwF = 0.032 for 231 variables and 1946 data for which I 2.58 σ(I).  相似文献   

11.
The pure rotational spectrum of NaCH3 and NaCD3 in their states has been recorded using millimeter/sub-mm direct absorption techniques in the 300–510 GHz range. This work is the first gas-phase detection of sodium monomethyl, which was created by the reaction of sodium vapor with tetramethyl tin. Ten rotational transitions were measured for NaCH3 for the K=0 through K=5 components and, in select cases, up to K=10, and four transitions (K=0–7) for NaCD3. Rotational constants have been accurately determined for both isotopomers, suggesting a sodium–carbon bond length of 2.30 Å and an H–C–H bond angle of 107.3°.  相似文献   

12.
A nonlocal density functional theory (DFT) method has been applied to the calculations on optimized geometry, Mulliken atomic net charges and interatomic Mulliken bond orders as well as total bonding energies (E) in the binary transition metal carbonyl anions with different reduced states [M(CO)n]z (M=Cr, n=5, 4, 3, z=2, 4, 6; M=Mn, n=5, 4, 3, z=1, 3, 5; M=Fe, n=4, 3, 2, z=2, 4, 6; M=Co, n=4, 3, 2, z=1, 3, 5). For comparison of relative stability, a relative stabilization energy D is defined as D=E([M(CO)n]z)−nE(CO). The calculated C–O distances are lengthened monotonously with the increase of the anionic charge, but the M–C distances are significantly lengthened only in the higher reduced states. The relative stabilization energy calculated is a considerable negative value in the lower reduced states, but a larger positive value in the higher reduced states. The DFT calculations show that with the increase of the anionic charge, the Mulliken net charges on the M, C, and O atoms all increase, however, an excess of the anionic charge is mainly located at the central metal atom. The calculated C–O Mulliken bond orders decrease consistently with the increase of the anionic charge, but the M–C bond orders exhibit an irregular behavior. However, the total bond orders calculated clearly explain the higher reduced states to be considerably unstable. From analysis of the calculated results, it is deduced that the stability of the binary transition metal carbonyl anions [M(CO)n]z studied are associated with the coordination number n and the anionic charge z, further, it is possible for the anions studied to be stable if n≥z, conversely, it is impossible when n<z.  相似文献   

13.
The interaction of rhenium hydrides ReHX(CO)(NO)(PR3)2 1 (X=H, R=Me (a), Et (b), iPr (c); X=Cl, R=Me (d)) with a series of proton donors (indole, phenols, fluorinated alcohols, trifluoroacetic acid) was studied by variable temperature IR spectroscopy. The conditions governing the hydrogen bonding ReHHX in solution and in the solid state (IR, X-ray) were elucidated. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic characteristics (−ΔH=2.3–6.1 kcal mol−1) of these hydrogen bonded complexes were obtained. IR spectral evidence that hydrogen bonding with hydride atom precedes proton transfer and the dihydrogen complex formation was found. Hydrogen bonded complex of ReH2(CO)(NO)(PMe3)2 with indole (2a–indole) and organyloxy-complex ReH(OC6H4NO2)(CO)(NO)(PMe3)2 (5a) were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A short NHHRe (1.79(5) Å) distance was found in the 2a–indole complex, where the indole molecule lies in the plane of the Re(NO)(CO) fragment (with dihedral angle between the planes 0.01°).  相似文献   

14.
The structure of Ba2In2O4(OH)2 is analysed by the explicit full optimization of a large number of possible proton arrangements using periodic density functional theory. It is shown that the experimental assignments in which protons appear to be located at high symmetry positions with unphysical bond lengths do not correspond to minima on the potential energy hypersurface. The apparent sites are averages of a number of possible proton locations involving a set of possible local structural environments in which the internuclear separations are more realistic. Such problems with structural refinements are common where profile refinement programs place the atoms at the average position due to dynamic and/or static disorder. Thus while the calculations support a previous neutron diffraction analysis of the structure in that the average structure contains two different proton sites, they also reveal substantial information about the local environments of the protons. In all optimizations, the protons moved from the average positions suggested in the neutron diffraction study with calculated O–H and OHO distances consistent with those observed in other oxides. The energies of different proton distributions vary significantly so the protons are not randomly distributed. We also present an analysis of the vibrational properties of the O–H bonds. Since the strength of the hydrogen bonds is closely related to the local structural environments of the protons, a range of vibrational frequencies is obtained providing a prediction of the vibrational spectra. In O–HO linkages, O–H stretching modes soften with increasing HO hydrogen bond strength, while the in-plane and out-of-plane bending or libration modes stiffen. Together, our results show how modern theoretical methods can provide a clearer understanding of the structure and dynamics of a complex inorganic material.  相似文献   

15.
[Mg(HF)2](SbF6)2 and [Ca(HF)2](SbF6)2 monocrystals were grown from the corresponding hexafluoroantimonates(V) dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. [Mg(HF)2](SbF6)2 crystallizes in the space group Pnma (no. 62) with a=1249.1(4) pm, b=1230.2(4) pm, c=699.1(2) pm, V=1.0742(6) nm3, Z=4. Magnesium is octahedrally coordinated by six fluorine atoms from which two belong to two HF molecules. The structure can be represented by alternating rows of magnesium and antimony atoms running parallel to the c-axis. Magnesium atoms are connected by cis bridging Sb(2)F6 units along the a-axis and by trans bridging Sb(1)F6 units along the b-axis. In this way a three-dimensional network is formed.[Ca(HF)2](SbF6)2 crystallizes in the space group P21/n (no. 14) with a=935.2(3) pm, b=1088.7(3) pm, c=1104.8(3) pm, β=106.697(5)°, V=1.0774(5) nm3, Z=4. The coordination sphere around the calcium atom consists of eight fluorine atoms which define the vertices of an Archimedean antiprism. The two HF molecules directly coordinate the calcium atom and their fluorine atoms are placed in the corners of different square faces of the Archimedean antiprism. The Ca-F(HF) distances are shorter than the Ca-F(Sb) distances. The Sb(1)F6 and Sb(2)F6 groups have four equatorial bridging fluorine atoms, while the Sb(3)F6 groups have only two bridging trans F ligands. The Ca atoms in the [−1,0,1] plane are connected by equatorial F ligands of Sb(1)F6 and Sb(2)F6 units, forming a [Ca(SbF6)+]n layer. These layers are connected by trans bridging Sb(3)F6 groups. HF molecules occupy the space between these layers and additionally contribute to the connection between the layers by hydrogen bonding.  相似文献   

16.
This contribution presents the results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study of three ammine complexes of bivalent platinum and palladium: [Pt(NH3)4](N03)2, [Pd(NH3)4](N03)2 and [Pd(NH3)4]F2H2O. The first two compounds are isostructural; metal atoms are located on inversion centers, all other atoms are in general positions. A three-dimensional framework is built from planar-square complex cations and nitrate ions joined by N-H...O hydrogen bonds. In [Pd(NH3)4]F2H2O, palladium atoms, as in the previous cases, are located on inversion centers, while oxygen atoms of water molecules are on the two-fold symmetry axis. A network of strong N-H...F and O-H...F hydrogen bonds linking the cations, anions, and crystallization water molecules is present in the structure.  相似文献   

17.
The potential energy surface of O(1D) + CH3CH2F reaction has been studied using QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2/6-311G(d,p) method. The calculations reveal an insertion–elimination reaction mechanism of the title reaction. The insertion process has two possibilities: one is the O(1D) atom inserting into C–F bond of CH3CH2F produces one energy-rich intermediate CH3CH2OF and another is the O(1D) atom inserting into one of the C–H bonds of CH3CH2F produces two energy-rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2. The three intermediates subsequently decompose to various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed though the three intermediates have been carried out using RRKM theory at the collision energies of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kcal/mol. CH3CH2O is the main decomposition product of CH3CH2OF. HF and CH3 are the main decomposition products for IM1; CH2OH is the main decomposition product for IM2. Since IM1 is more stable and more likely to form than CH3CH2OF and IM2, HF and CH3 are probably the main products of the O(1D) + CH3CH2F reaction. Our computational results can give insight to reaction mechanism and provide probable explanations for future experiments.  相似文献   

18.
The trigonal bipyramidal structure of trichloromethyl-tetrachlorophosphorane CCl3PCl4 and bis(trichloromethyl)trichlorophosphorane (CCl3)2PCl3 molecules with apical CCl3 groups is responsible for steric hindrances to reorientations of these groups around the C–P bond. The intramolecular barriers to CCl3 reorientations calculated for the two phosphoranes (Hartree–Fock method using the 6-31G(d) basis set) are 105.9 kJ/mole and 106.6 kJ/mole, respectively. These internal barriers are high enough to block the reorientational motion of the CCl3 groups, as found previously by 35Cl NQR for the stated crystals.  相似文献   

19.
The reactions of OsO4 with excess of HSC6F5 and P(C6H4X-4)3 in ethanol afford the five-coordinate compounds [Os(SC6F5)4(P(C6H4X-4)3)] where X = OCH3 1a and 1b, CH3 2a and 2b, F 3a and 3b, Cl 4a and 4b or CF3 5a and 5b. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1 to 5 exhibit a common pattern with an osmium center in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination arrangement. The axial positions are occupied by mutually trans thiolate and phosphane ligands, while the remaining three equatorial positions are occupied by three thiolate ligands. The three pentafluorophenyl rings of the equatorial ligands are directed upwards, away from the axial phosphane ligand in the arrangement “3-up” (isomers a). On the other hand, 31P{1H} and 19F NMR studies at room temperature reveal the presence of two isomers in solution: The “3-up” isomer (a) with the three C6F5-rings of the equatorial ligands directed towards the axial thiolate ligand, and the “2-up, 1-down” isomer (b) with two C6F5-rings of the equatorial ligands directed towards the axial thiolate and the C6F5-ring of the third equatorial ligand directed towards the axial phosphane. Bidimensional 19F–19F NMR studies encompass the two sub-spectra for the isomers a (“3-up”) and b (“2-up, 1-down”). Variable temperature 19F NMR experiments showed that these isomers are fluxional. Thus, the 19F NMR sub-spectra for the “2-up, 1-down” isomers (b) at room temperature indicate that the two S-C6F5 ligands in the 2-up equatorial positions have restricted rotation about their C–S bonds, but this rotation becomes free as the temperature increases. Room temperature 19F NMR spectra of 3 and 5 also indicate restricted rotation around the Os–P bonds in the “2-up, 1-down” isomers (b). In addition, as the temperature increases, the 19F NMR spectra tend to be consistent with an increased rate of the isomeric exchange. Variable temperature 31P{1H} NMR studies also confirm that, as the temperature is increased, the a and b isomeric exchange becomes fast on the NMR time scale.  相似文献   

20.
The reaction of [Cp′Cr(CO)2(μ-SBu)]2 (1) (Cp′ = MeC5H4) with (PPh3)2Pt(PhCCPh) gives Cp′Cr(CO)2(μ-SBu)Pt(PPh3)2 (2) which could be regarded as a product of the substitution of acetylene ligand at platinum by a monomeric chromium–thiolate fragment. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis 2 contains single Cr–Pt (2.7538(15)) and Pt–S (2.294(2) Å) bonds while Cr–S bond (2.274(3) Å) is shortened in comparison with ordinary Cr–S bonds (2.4107(4)–2.4311(4) Å) in 1. The bonding between Cr–S fragment and platinum atom is similar to the olefine coordination in their platinum complexes.  相似文献   

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