实现受激光发射探索Si基激光器

本文首先评论了近5年来各类Si基纳米材料在光增益和受激光发射特性研究方面所取得的最新进展.进而指出,晶粒有序的小尺寸和高密度纳米晶Si(nc-Si),具有载流子三维量子受限的局域化纳米结构和具有高激活浓度Er掺杂的nc-Si:Er/SiO2纳米薄膜,将是实现Si基激光器的主要有源区材料.最后,对这一领域的今后发展趋势进行了初步展望.预计在今后的3～5年内,实现Si基激光器的探索性研究高潮即将到来,并极有可能获得重大突破性进展,即在进一步提高发光效率的基础上,实现稳定可靠的光增益和受激光发射特性.而后再用3～5年的时间,通过优化结构形式与工艺技术,研制出具有器件实用化水平的Si基激光器.     

NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米材料的量子剪裁动力学分析

采用共沉淀法合成NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米材料,测量其吸收光谱和荧光光谱.利用吸收光谱,计算Er3+离子的辐射跃迁几率.分析489 nm激发下NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+的量子剪裁近红外荧光光谱,观察到中心波长位于980 nm (Yb3+:2F5/2→2 F7/2)的发射峰;拟合不同Yb3+掺杂浓度下Er3+的2H11/2能级的荧光衰减曲线,得到随着Yb3+浓度的增加,Er3+的寿命逐渐缩短,表明Er3+→Yb3+的能量传递效率和量子剪裁效率逐渐提高.通过Er3+-Yb3+量子剪裁速率方程,计算得最佳掺杂浓度样品NaYF4:2;Er3+,10;Yb3+纳米材料的量子剪裁效率为149.6;.     

银纳米立方颗粒表面等离子激元增强β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换的研究

分别采用化学还原法和共沉淀法合成银纳米立方颗粒和β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换纳米发光材料.银纳米立方颗粒的表面等离子共振吸收宽带位于370 ～750 nm.在油酸溶液体系中,实现了银纳米立方颗粒对上转换纳米材料荧光的表面等离子激元增强,研究了银纳米立方颗粒的掺杂浓度对上转换红光和绿光发射的影响.当银纳米立方颗粒掺杂浓度为2.0;时,对β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换发光增强达到最大.红光和绿光上转换发射对应的最大增强因子分别为1.97和1.79.     

Er掺杂SiNP电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

当硅基发光材料得到广泛应用时,为了给硅基材料的设计及应用提供理论依据,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,对Er掺杂在Si纳米晶粒不同位置的结构稳定性、电子与光学性质进行了研究.结果表明:Er掺杂在Si纳米晶粒的中心位置时,结构最稳定;Er掺杂后的Si纳米晶粒引入了杂质能级,最终导致禁带宽度变窄;掺杂后的Si纳米晶粒在低能区出现了一个新的吸收峰,当Er原子向表面位置移动时,新的吸收峰峰值逐渐减小,甚至消失.     

Na+掺杂KLaF4∶Er3+/yb3+纳米晶上转换发光性能的研究

采用水热法,以乙二胺为络合剂合成了Na+离子掺杂的六方相KLaF4∶Er3+/yb3纳米晶.利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的晶体结构、形貌和表面吸附进行了表征;测量了不同含量Na+掺杂样品在980 nm近红外光激发下的上转换发射光谱和4R/2能级的荧光寿命.结果表明:随着Na+掺杂浓度的增加,KLaF4∶Er3+/yb3+纳米晶上转换红绿光的发光强度均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,红绿光发射最强强度分别为未掺Na+样品的7.3倍和5.2倍.Na+掺杂使Er3+离子周围晶场的不对称性降低和纳米晶表面吸附基团的减少是发光增强的主要原因.针对Na+掺杂样品的荧光寿命低于未掺样品的原因作了简要讨论.     

Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒的合成及荧光性能研究

采用热分解法制备多种核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒,并对制备的上转换纳米颗粒的形貌、晶相以及发光特性进行研究.在980nm激发光激发下,与单核的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;纳米颗粒相比,核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2上转换纳米颗粒荧光强度提高了5倍.把Yb3+/Nd3+共掺的四方相NaYF4层包覆在Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2纳米颗粒上,我们实现了Na3ZrF7@CaF2@NaYF4纳米颗粒在808nm激发下较强的上转换红光发射,发射光的红绿比在10左右,并对其发光机制作出了解释.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺铌硅酸盐透明玻璃陶瓷的制备及表征

采用熔融晶化法制备了主晶相为CaNb2O6的Er3+/Yb3+共掺透明铌硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷,利用DSC、XRD、SEM、UV-Vis-NIR和荧光光谱仪分别对样品的热处理制度、析出的晶相、微观形貌、光透过率和发光性能进行了测试和表征.研究表明:该体系玻璃最佳晶化温度为800℃,最佳热处理时间为2h;制得的玻璃陶瓷在可见光区的透过率可达70;;并讨论了不同Er3 +/Yb3+掺杂浓度对玻璃陶瓷样品发光性能的影响,发现当yb3+/Er3+掺杂浓度比为10∶1时发光强度为最大.     

Tb∶Lu2SiO5光学薄膜的结构演变和发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋涂工艺在单晶硅(111)上制备了Tb3+离子不同掺杂浓度的硅酸镥光学薄膜(Tb∶Lu2SiO5),利用热重差热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外可见荧光光谱(PL)对Tb∶Lu2SiO5薄膜的不同温度热处理的结构演变和发光性能进行了表征.研究结果表明Tb∶Lu2SiO5光学薄膜表面均匀、平整、无裂纹,薄膜样品从800℃开始晶华,1100 ℃时晶化完全.Tb∶Lu2SiO5的发光性能表现为Tb3+离子的4f→5d和5D4(5D3)→7FJ(J =6,5,4,3)跃迁结果(监测波长分别为480～650 nm和350～470 nm),激发主峰位于～240 nm,发射光谱主峰为542 nm的绿光发射.研究表明Tb3掺杂浓度对Tb∶Lu2SiO5光学薄膜的发光强度会产生明显影响,掺杂15mol;的Tb3+时,Tb∶Lu2SiO5薄膜的发光强度最强.     

Mn2+掺杂NaScF4:Yb3+,Er3+上转换发光材料制备及性能研究

采用三氟乙酸盐高温热分解法,以稀土氧化物(RE2O3,RE=Sc,Yb,Er)、三氟乙酸(CF3COOH)、一氧化锰(MnO)和氢氧化钠(NaOH)为原料,以油胺和十八烯为混合溶剂,制备Mn2+掺杂NaScF4:18;Yb3+/2;Er3+上转换发光材料.研究了Mn2+掺杂浓度对NaScF4:18;Yb3+/2;Er3+上转换发光材料的晶相结构、微观形貌及发光性能的影响.实验结果表明:Mn2+掺杂浓度在0～5mol;范围内,所制得的产物为纯六方相NaScF4:Yb3+,Er3+晶体.当Mn2+掺杂浓度增大到10～30mol;时,样品的晶相结构并未改变,但衍射峰的强度有所降低,所制得产物的形貌由球状转变为片状.当Mn2+掺杂浓度在0～20mol;范围内,所制得的产物在980 nm激光激发下共产生3个发射峰,中心波长分别位于525 nm,555 nm和660 nm.当Mn2+掺杂浓度达到30mol;时,所制备产物的绿光发射峰几乎全部转变为波长为650～670 nm的红光发射峰.     

Er掺杂ZnS纳米晶的合成及光致发光性能研究

以巯基乙酸(HSCH2COOH)为稳定剂,采用水热法合成了分散性好的ZnS∶ Er纳米晶,分别利用XRD、TEM,荧光光谱仪对其物相,形貌及光学性能进行了研究.结果表明:ZnS∶ Er纳米晶为闪锌矿ZnS结构,颗粒近似球形,平均粒度为5 ～8 nm.当Er3+掺杂摩尔浓度为6;,稳定剂巯基乙酸添加摩尔分数为2;,合成温度为120℃条件下得到了发光性能较好的Er离子掺杂ZnS纳米晶材料,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.