Positivity of the generalized translation associated with the q-Hankel transform and applications

A new formulation of the Graf-type addition formula related to the third Jackson q-Bessel function gives a solution for the problem of the positivity of the generalized q-translation operator associated with the q-Hankel transform. Next some applications in q-theory are treated, for instance the relationship between the q-Bessel- positive and negative-definite functions. We also show how the positivity of the q-Bessel translation operator plays a central role in q-Fourier analysis, namely in the study of Markov operators in the q-context. The paper concludes with the nonnegative product linearization of the q^?2-Lommel polynomials.     

Modular Equations for the Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fraction and the Dedekind Eta-Function

S. Ramanujan recorded five beautiful identities providing relations between the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction R(q) and the five continued fractions R(–q), R(q ²), R(q ³), R(q ⁴), and R(q ⁵), summarized on page 365 of his Lost Notebook. We give new proofs for two of them by using new eta-function identities, and we also present a new relation between R(q) and R(q ⁷).     

A spectrum result on maximal partial ovoids of the generalized quadrangle , even

This article presents a spectrum result on maximal partial ovoids of the generalized quadrangle Q(4,q), q even. We prove that for every integer k in an interval of, roughly, size [q²/10,9q²/10], there exists a maximal partial ovoid of size k on Q(4,q), q even. Since the generalized quadrangle W(q), q even, defined by a symplectic polarity of PG(3,q) is isomorphic to the generalized quadrangle Q(4,q), q even, the same result is obtained for maximal partial ovoids of W(q), q even. As equivalent results, the same spectrum result is obtained for minimal blocking sets with respect to planes of PG(3,q), q even, and for maximal partial 1-systems of lines on the Klein quadric Q⁺(5,q), q even.     

On the image of the limit q‐Bernstein operator

The limit q‐Bernstein operator B_q emerges naturally as an analogue to the Szász–Mirakyan operator related to the Euler distribution. Alternatively, B_q comes out as a limit for a sequence of q‐Bernstein polynomials in the case 0<q<1. Lately, different properties of the limit q‐Bernstein operator and its iterates have been studied by a number of authors. In particular, it has been shown that B_q is a positive shape‐preserving linear operator on C[0, 1] with ∥B_q∥=1, which possesses the following remarkable property: in general, it improves the analytic properties of a function. In this paper, new results on the properties of the image of B_q are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the sharpness of a theorem of B. segre

The theorem of B. Segre mentioned in the title states that a complete arc of PG(2,q),q even which is not a hyperoval consists of at mostq−√q+1 points. In the first part of our paper we prove this theorem to be sharp forq=s ² by constructing completeq−√q+1-arcs. Our construction is based on the cyclic partition of PG(2,q) into disjoint Baer-subplanes. (See Bruck [1]). In his paper [5] Kestenband constructed a class of (q−√q+1)-arcs but he did not prove their completeness. In the second part of our paper we discuss the connections between Kestenband’s and our constructions. We prove that these constructions result in isomorphic (q−√q+1)-arcs. The proof of this isomorphism is based on the existence of a traceorthogonal normal basis in GF(q ³) over GF(q), and on a representation of GF(q)³ in GF(q ³)³ indicated in Jamison [4].     

On the Minimum Length of some Linear Codes of Dimension 5

In this paper, we shall prove that the minimum length n_q(5,d) is equal to g_q(5,d) +1 for q⁴−2q²−2q+1≤ d≤ q⁴ − 2q² − q and 2q⁴ − 2q³ − q² − 2q+1 ≤ d ≤ 2q⁴−2q³−q²−q, where g_q(5,d) means the Griesmer bound . Communicated by: J.D. Key     

Order of elements in the groups related to the general linear group

For a natural number n and a prime power q the general, special, projective general and projective special linear groups are denoted by GL_n(q), SL_n(q), PGL_n(q) and PSL_n(q), respectively. Using conjugacy classes of elements in GL_n(q) in terms of irreducible polynomials over the finite field GF(q) we demonstrate how the set of order elements in GL_n(q) can be obtained. This will help to find the order of elements in the groups SL_n(q), PGL_n(q) and PSL_n(q). We also show an upper bound for the order of elements in SL_n(q).     

A Characterization of the Complement of a Hyperbolic Quadric in PG (3, q), for q Odd

The incidence structure NQ⁺(3, q) has points the points not on a non-degenerate hyperbolic quadric Q⁺(3, q) in PG(3, q), and its lines are the lines of PG(3, q) not containing a point of Q⁺(3, q). It is easy to show that NQ⁺(3, q) is a partial linear space of order (q, q(q−1)/2). If q is odd, then moreover NQ⁺(3, q) satisfies the property that for each non-incident point line pair (x,L), there are either (q−1)/2 or (q+1)/2 points incident with L that are collinear with x. A partial linear space of order (s, t) satisfying this property is called a ((q−1)/2,(q+1)/2)-geometry. In this paper, we will prove the following characterization of NQ⁺(3,q). Let S be a ((q−1)/2,(q+1)/2)-geometry fully embedded in PG(n, q), for q odd and q>3. Then S = NQ⁺(3, q).     

A generalized numerical range: the range of a constrained sesquilinear form

Let M_n denote the algebra of all nxn complex matrices. For a given q?C with ∣Q∣≤1, we define and denote the q-numerical range of A?M_n by

W_q (A)={x ^? Ay:x,y?C ⁿ , _{x ^? x?y ^? y=1,x ^? y=q} }

The q-numerical radius is then given by r_q (A)=sup{∣z∣:z?W _q (A)}. When q=1,W _q (A) and r _q (A) reduce to the classical numerical range of A and the classical numerical radius of A, respectively. when q≠0, another interesting quantity associated with W _q (A) is the inner q-numerical radius defined by [rtilde] _q (A)=inf{∣z∣:z?W _q (A)}

In this paper, we describe some basic properties of W _q (A), extending known results on the classical numerical range. We also study the properties of r_q considered as a norm (seminorm if q=0) on M_n .Finally, we characterize those linear operators L on M_n that leave W_q ,r_q of [rtilde]_q invariant. Extension of some of our results to the infinite dimensional case is discussed, and open problems are mentioned.     

On the number of lines in 4-dimensional linear spaces

Assuming a weak non-degeneracy condition, we show that a linear spaceL of dimension at least 4 withv=q ⁴+q ³+q ²+q+1 points,q > 1 any positive real number, has at least (q²+1)v lines with equality if and only ifq is a prime power andL = PG(4,q).Dedicated to H. Mäurer on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Lower bounds for the cardinality of minimal blocking sets in projective spaces

In this paper new lower bounds for the cardinality of minimal m-blocking sets are determined. Let r₂(q) be the number such that q+r₂(q)+1 is the cardinality of the smallest non-trivial line-blocking set in a plane of order q. If B is a minimal m-blocking set in PG(n,q) that contains at most q^m+q^m−1+…+q+1+r₂(q)·(∑_i=2m−n′^m−1qⁱ) points for an integer n′ satisfying mn′2m, then the dimension of B is at most n′. If the dimension of B is n′, then the following holds. The cardinality of B equals q^m+q^m−1+…+q+1+r₂(q)(∑_i=2m−n′^m−1qⁱ). For n′=m the set B is an m-dimensional subspace and for n′=m+1 the set B is a cone with an (m−2)-dimensional vertex over a non-trivial line-blocking set of cardinality q+r₂(q)+1 in a plane skew to the vertex. This result is due to Heim (Mitt. Math. Semin. Giessen 226 (1996), 4–82). For n′>m+1 and q not a prime the number q is a square and for q16 the set B is a Baer cone. If q is odd and |B|<q^m+q^m−1+…+q+1+r₂(q)(q^m−1+q^m−2), it follows from this result that the subspace generated by B has dimension at most m+1. Furthermore we prove that in this case, if , then B is an m-dimensional subspace or a cone with an (m−2)-dimensional vertex over a non-trivial line-blocking set of cardinality q+r₂(q)+1 in a plane skew to the vertex. For q=p^3h, p7 and q not a square we show this assertion for |B|q^m+q^m−1+…+q+1+q^2/3·(q^m−1+…+1).     

Multiple prime covers of the riemann sphere

A compact Riemann surface X of genus g≥2 which admits a cyclic group of automorphisms C _q of prime order q such that X/C _q has genus 0 is called a cyclic q-gonal surface. If a q-gonal surface X is also p-gonal for some prime p≠q, then X is called a multiple prime surface. In this paper, we classify all multiple prime surfaces. A consequence of this classification is a proof of the fact that a cyclic q-gonal surface can be cyclic p-gonal for at most one other prime p.     

An upper bound for the minimum weight of dual codes of Figueroa planes

In this note we give an explicit construction for words of weight 2q³ - q² - q in the dual p-ary code of the Figueroa plane of order q³, where q > 2 is any power of the prime p. When p is odd this then allows us, for the Figueroa planes, to improve on the previously known upper bound of 2q³ for the minimum weight of the dual p-ary code of any plane of order q³. The construction is the same as one that applies to desarguesian planes of order q³ as described in [3].     

Biased positional games and the phase transition

Let 𝔏(n, q) be the game in which two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately claim 1 and q edges of the complete graph K_n, respectively. Maker's goal is to maximize the number of vertices in the largest component of his graph; Breaker tries to make it as small as possible. Let L(n,q) denote the size of the largest component in Maker's graph when both players follow their optimal strategies. We study the behavior of L(n, q) for large n and q=q(n). In particular, we show that the value of L(n, q) abruptly changes for q∼n and discuss the differences between this phenomenon and a similar one, which occurs in the evolution of random graphs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 18: 141–152, 2001     

The topology determined by the symbolic powers of primary ideals

Let q be a p-primary ideal in a Noetherian ring R. The main theorem characterizes when the q-adic and q-symbolic topologies on R are linearly equivalent; that is, when there n kexists an integer k≥0 such that q⁽ⁿ⁾ ?q^n-k for all n≥k. Using this, it is shown that when this holds for q, then it holds for several other primary ideals related to q (both in R and in certain other rings related to R) and that the powers of q(ⁿ) are symbolic powers for all n≥k (so p has primary ideals all of whose powers are symbolic powers).     

Sharp bounds for the number of 3‐independent partitions and the chromaticity of bipartite graphs

Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 1, let α(G, k) denote the number of k‐independent partitions of G. Let ??^?s(p,q) (resp., ??₂^?s(p,q)) denote the family of connected (resp., 2‐connected) graphs which are obtained from the complete bipartite graph K_p,q by deleting a set of s edges, where p ≥ q ≥ 2. This paper first gives a sharp upper bound for α(G,3), where G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ (p ? 1)(q ? 1) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ p + q ? 4). These bounds are then used to show that if G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s (p,q)), then the chromatic equivalence class of G is a subset of the union of the sets ??^?s_i(p+i,q?i) where max and s_i = s ? i(p?q+i) (resp., a subset of ??₂^?s(p,q), where either 0 ≤ s ≤ q ? 1, or s ≤ 2q ? 3 and p ≥ q + 4). By applying these results, we show finally that any 2‐connected graph obtained from K_p,q by deleting a set of edges that forms a matching of size at most q ? 1 or that induces a star is chromatically unique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 48–77, 2001     

On the algebra structure of some bismash products

We study several families of semisimple Hopf algebras, arising as bismash products, which are constructed from finite groups with a certain specified factorization. First we associate a bismash product H_q of dimension q(q−1)(q+1) to each of the finite groups PGL₂(q) and show that these H_q do not have the structure (as algebras) of group algebras (except when q=2,3). As a corollary, all Hopf algebras constructed from them by a comultiplication twist also have this property and are thus non-trivial. We also show that bismash products constructed from Frobenius groups do have the structure (as algebras) of group algebras.     

Slices of the unitary spread

We prove that slices of the unitary spread of Q⁺(7,q)\mathcal{Q}^{+}(7,q), q≡2 (mod 3), can be partitioned into five disjoint classes. Slices belonging to different classes are non-equivalent under the action of the subgroup of PΓO ⁺(8,q) fixing the unitary spread. When q is even, there is a connection between spreads of Q⁺(7,q)\mathcal{Q}^{+}(7,q) and symplectic 2-spreads of PG(5,q) (see Dillon, Ph.D. thesis, 1974 and Dye, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 114, 173–194, 1977). As a consequence of the above result we determine all the possible non-equivalent symplectic 2-spreads arising from the unitary spread of Q⁺(7,q)\mathcal{Q}^{+}(7,q), q=2^2h+1. Some of these already appeared in Kantor, SIAM J. Algebr. Discrete Methods 3(2), 151–165, 1982. When q=3 ^h , we classify, up to the action of the stabilizer in PΓO(7,q) of the unitary spread of Q(6,q), those among its slices producing spreads of the elliptic quadric Q^-(5,q)\mathcal{Q}^{-}(5,q).     

On the number of lines in planar spaces

SupposeS is a planar space withv>4 points and letq be the positive real number such thatv=q ³+q²+q+1. Assuming a weak non-degeneracy condition, we shall show thatS has at least (q²+1)(q²+q+1) lines with equality iffq is a prime power andS=PG(3,q).     

On a set of lines of PG(3, q) corresponding to a maximal cap contained in the Klein quadric of PG (5, q)

The problem is considered of constructing a maximal set of lines, with no three in a pencil, in the finite projective geometry PG(3, q) of three dimensions over GF(q). (A pencil is the set of q+1 lines in a plane and passing through a point.) It is found that an orbit of lines of a Singer cycle of PG(3, q) gives a set of size q ³ + q ² + q + 1 which is definitely maximal in the case of q odd. A (q ³ + q ² + q + 1)-cap contained in the hyperbolic (or Klein) quadric of PG(5, q) also comes from the construction. (A k-cap is a set of k points with no three in a line.) This is generalized to give direct constructions of caps in quadrics in PG(5, q). For q odd and greater than 3 these appear to be the largest caps known in PG(5, q). In particular it is shown how to construct directly a large cap contained in the Klein quadric, given an ovoid skew to an elliptic quadric of PG(3, q). Sometimes the cap is also contained in an elliptic quadric of PG(5, q) and this leads to a set of q ³ + q ² + q + 1 lines of PG(3,q ²) contained in the non-singular Hermitian surface such that no three lines pass through a point. These constructions can often be applied to real and complex spaces.