Quantum critical dynamics simulation of dirty boson systems

Recently, the scaling result z=d for the dynamic critical exponent at the Bose glass to superfluid quantum phase transition has been questioned both on theoretical and numerical grounds. This motivates a careful evaluation of the critical exponents in order to determine the actual value of z. We study a model of quantum bosons at T=0 with disorder in 2D using highly effective worm Monte?Carlo simulations. Our data analysis is based on a finite-size scaling approach to determine the scaling of the quantum correlation time from simulation data for boson world lines. The resulting critical exponents are z=1.8±0.05, ν=1.15±0.03, and η=-0.3±0.1, hence suggesting that z=2 is not satisfied.     

Pseudogap formation and quantum phase transition in strongly-correlated electron systems

Pseudogap formation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in strongly-correlated superconductors, for example cuprates, heavy-fermion superconductors, and iron pnictides. As the system is cooled, an energy gap opens in the excitation spectrum before entering the superconducting phase. The origin of formation and the relevancy to the superconductivity remain unclear, which is the most challenging problem in condensed matter physics. Here, using the cuprate as a model, we demonstrate that the formation of pseudogap is due to a massive gauge interaction between electrons, where the mass of the gauge boson, determining the interaction length scale, is the consequence of the remnant antiferromagnetic fluctuation inherited from the parent compounds. Extracting from experimental data, we predict that there is a quantum phase transition belonging to the 2D XY universality class at the critical doping where pseudogap transition vanishes.     

Entanglement and quantum phase transition in the Heisenberg-Ising model

We use the quantum renormalization-group(QRG) method to study the entanglement and quantum phase transition(QPT) in the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising model [Lieb E,Schultz T and Mattis D 1961 Ann.Phys.(N.Y.) 16 407].We find the quantum phase boundary of this model by investigating the evolution of concurrence in terms of QRG iterations.We also investigate the scaling behavior of the system close to the quantum critical point,which shows that the minimum value of the first derivative of concurrence and the position of the minimum scale with an exponent of the system size.Also,the first derivative of concurrence between two blocks diverges at the quantum critical point,which is directly associated with the divergence of the correlation length.     

Exotic versus conventional scaling and universality in a disordered bilayer quantum heisenberg antiferromagnet

We present Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional bilayer quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet with random dimer dilution. In contrast with exotic scaling scenarios found in other random quantum systems, the quantum phase transition in this system is characterized by a finite-disorder fixed point with power-law scaling. After accounting for corrections to scaling, with a leading irrelevant exponent of omega approximately 0.48, we find universal critical exponents z=1.310(6) and nu=1.16(3). We discuss the consequences of these findings and suggest new experiments.     

Nonlinear electric field effects at a continuous mott-hubbard transition

We characterize the non-Ohmic portion of the conductivity at temperatures T<1 K in the highly correlated transition metal chalcogenide Ni(S,Se)(2). Pressure tuning of the T = 0 metal-insulator transition reveals the influence of the quantum critical point and permits a direct determination of the dynamical critical exponent z = 2.7(+0.3)(-0.4). Within the framework of finite temperature scaling, we find that the spatial correlation length exponent nu and the conductivity exponent &mgr; differ.     

Replacing energy by von Neumann entropy in quantum phase transitions

We propose that quantum phase transitions are generally accompanied by non-analyticities of the von Neumann (entanglement) entropy. In particular, the entropy is non-analytic at the Anderson transition, where it exhibits unusual fractal scaling. We also examine two dissipative quantum systems of considerable interest to the study of decoherence and find that non-analyticities occur if and only if the system undergoes a quantum phase transition.     

Quantum fluctuations and the closing of the Coulomb gap in a correlated insulator

The "switchable mirror" yttrium hydride is one of the few strongly correlated systems with a continuous Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition. We systematically map out the low temperature electrical transport from deep in the insulator to the quantum critical point using persistent photoconductivity as a drive parameter. Both activated hopping over a Coulomb gap and power-law quantum fluctuations must be included to describe the data. Collapse of the data onto a universal curve within a dynamical scaling framework (with corrections) requires znu=6.0+/-0.5, where nu and z are the static and dynamical critical exponents, respectively.     

Nonperturbative microscopic theory of superconducting fluctuations near a quantum critical point

We consider an anisotropic gap superconductor in the vicinity of the disorder-driven quantum critical point. Starting with the BCS Hamiltonian, we derive the Ginzburg-Landau action, which is a critical theory with the dynamic critical exponent, z=2. This allows us to use the parquet method to calculate the nonperturbative effect of quantum superconducting fluctuations on thermodynamics. We derive a general expression for the fluctuation magnetic susceptibility, which exhibits a crossover from the logarithmic dependence, chi proportional, variantlndeltan, valid beyond the Ginzburg region to chi proportional, variantln(1/5)deltan valid in the immediate vicinity of the transition (where deltan is the deviation from the critical disorder concentration). These nonperturbative results may describe the quantum critical behavior of overdoped high-temperature cuprates, disordered p-wave superconductors, and conventional superconducting films with magnetic impurities.     

Nonlinear transport near a quantum phase transition in two dimensions

The problem of nonlinear transport near a quantum phase transition is solved within the Landau theory for the dissipative insulator-superconductor phase transition in two dimensions. Using the nonequilibrium Schwinger round-trip Green function formalism, we obtain the scaling function for the nonlinear conductivity in the quantum-disordered regime. We find that the conductivity scales as E2 at low fields but crosses over at large fields to a universal constant on the order of e(2)/h. The crossover between these two regimes obtains when the length scale for the quantum fluctuations becomes comparable to that of the electric field within logarithmic accuracy.     

A Unified Approach to the Thermodynamics and Quantum Scaling Functions of One-Dimensional Strongly Attractive SU(w) Fermi Gases

We present a unified derivation of the pressure equation of states, thermodynamics and scaling functions for the one-dimensional(1 D) strongly attractive Fermi gases with SU(w) symmetry. These physical quantities provide a rigorous understanding on a universality class of quantum criticality characterized by the critical exponents z=2 and correlation length exponent v=1/2. Such a universality class of quantum criticality can occur when the Fermi sea of one branch of charge bound states starts to fill or becomes gapped at zero temperature. The quantum critical cone can be determined by the double peaks in specific heat, which serve to mark two crossover temperatures fanning out from the critical point. Our method opens to further study on quantum phases and phase transitions in strongly interacting fermions with large SU(w) and non-SU(w) symmetries in one dimension.     

Breakdown of scaling in the nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the two-dimensional XY model

The approach to equilibrium, from a nonequilibrium initial state, in a system at its critical point is usually described by a scaling theory with a single growing length scale, xi(t) approximately t(1/z), where z is the dynamic exponent that governs the equilibrium dynamics. We show that, for the 2D XY model, the rate of approach to equilibrium depends on the initial condition. In particular, xi(t) approximately t(1/2) if no free vortices are present in the initial state, while xi(t) approximately (t/lnt)(1/2) if free vortices are present.     

Spin–orbit effects and superconductivity in oxide materials

In a variety of materials superconductivity is associated with the existence of a quantum critical point (QCP). In the case of the hole doped cuprates there is evidence which suggests that the important quantum degrees of freedom near the superconducting critical point are localized charge and spin density fluctuations. We argue that if these degrees of freedom are strongly coupled by spin–orbit interactions, a new type of quantum criticality arises with monopole-like quasi-particles as the important quantum degrees of freedom. In layered material this type of quantum criticality can be modeled using a 2-dimensional non-linear Schrodinger equation with an SU(N) gauge field. We exhibit a pairing wave function for quasi-particles that has topological order and anisotropic properties. The superconducting transition would in some respects resemble a KT transition.     

高温超导体磁通动力学和混合态相图(Ⅰ)

文章简要介绍了高温超导体磁通动力学和混合态物理在过去十余年的发展。高温超导体由于其自身的一些特点，使得它与常规超导体相比较拥有极其丰富的相图，磁通动力学也表现出了非常丰富的研究内容，很多新的概念被提出，新的现象被观察到。比如说涡旋玻璃态，集体钉扎和蠕动，磁通格子的一级和二级熔化相变，布拉格玻璃，峰值效应，二维涡旋饼态，Josephson磁通运动等等，均是在高温超导体发现之后提出来的新的概念或新发现的现象。有些研究结果目前尚无定论，如关于涡旋玻璃态存在与否的争论至今仍然在进行，但是这些研究内容无疑会大大促进超导物理的发展。高温超导体磁通动力学纷繁复杂的研究内容可以归结为三个相互关联的数字：Ginzburg数（T/He^2εξ^3）^2／2，量子电阻Qu=（e^2／h）（ρn/／εξ），和临界电流的比值jc/jo,这里ξ是相干长度，Hc是热力学临界磁场，ε是有效质量的各向异性度,ρn是正常态电阻率，jc是零温临界电流，jo是拆对临界电流。对于高温超导体前两个数值（Ginzburg数和量子电阻）很大，而临界电流比值较小，因此导致有强的热涨落和量子涨落，以及很强的磁通运动行为（对应小的实测临界电流）。磁通动力学的研究从更深层次影响超导体的临界电流问题和强电应用的发展，最后简要地介绍了这方面的情况。     

Critical dynamics of the dirty boson problem: revisiting the equality z=d

It is shown that previous arguments, leading to the equality z=d for the dynamical exponent describing the Bose glass to superfluid transition in d dimensions, may break down, as apparently seen in recent simulations. The key observation is that the major contribution to the compressibility, which remains finite through the transition and was predicted to scale as kappa approximately |delta|((d-z)nu) (where delta is the deviation from criticality and nu is the correlation length exponent) comes from the analytic, not the singular part of the free energy, and is not restricted by any conventional scaling hypothesis.     

Evidence for an unconventional universality class from a two-dimensional dimerized quantum heisenberg model

The two-dimensional J-J' dimerized quantum Heisenberg model is studied on the square lattice by means of (stochastic series expansion) quantum Monte Carlo simulations as a function of the coupling ratio alpha=J'/J. The critical point of the order-disorder quantum phase transition in the J-J' model is determined as alpha_c=2.5196(2) by finite-size scaling for up to approximately 10 000 quantum spins. By comparing six dimerized models we show, contrary to the current belief, that the critical exponents of the J-J' model are not in agreement with the three-dimensional classical Heisenberg universality class. This lends support to the notion of nontrivial critical excitations at the quantum critical point.     

Finite-size behavior near the critical point of QCD phase-transition

It is pointed out that the finite-size effect is not negligible in locating the critical point of quantum colordynamics (QCD) phase transitions at current relativistic heavy ion collisions. The finite-size scaling form of the critical related observable is suggested. Its fixed point behavior at critical incident energy can be served as a reliable identification of a critical point and nearby boundary of QCD phase transition. How to experimentally find the fixed point behavior is demonstrated by using 3D-Ising model as an example. The validity of the method at finite detector acceptances at RHIC is also discussed.     

Quantum ising model with staggered interaction

The spectrum of a quantum Ising model with staggered interaction is solved exactly for periodic, antiperiodic and free boundary conditions. The properties of the ground state and the excitation spectrum are investigated at the phase transition points, and the conformal theory and the finite size scaling hypothesis are tested along the critical line. The conformally invariant Hamiltonian is found to be independent of the staggering field in the finite size scaling limit.Work performed within the research program of the Sonderforschungsbereich 125     

Length-scale dependent superconductor-insulator quantum phase transitions in one dimension

We study the dissipation physics of a one dimensional mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device array using the field-theoretical renormalization group method. We observe length scale dependent, superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition at very low temperature and also observe the dual behavior of the system for higher and lower values of magnetic field. At a critical magnetic field, we also observe a critical behavior where the resistance is independent of length.