A multisublattice magnetic phase induced by external field in a singlet magnet

The theory of magnetization in a longitudinal magnetic field is developed for an easy-plane multisublattice antiferromagnet with a singlet ground state and a strong single-ion anisotropy exceeding the magnitude of exchange interaction. The magnetic-field-induced phase transition from the singlet (magnetically dis-ordered) state to a multisublattice antiferromagnetic state represents a displacive magnetic phase transition. At T=0, this transition proceeds continuously and belongs to second-order phase transitions, while at T ≠0, the behavior changes to jumplike and the process becomes the first-order phase transition.     

金属间化合物DyMn_2Ge_2的自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变

在 10— 80 0K的温度范围内用X射线衍射方法测量了DyMn2 Ge2 化合物的晶格常数与温度的变化关系 ,观察到高温时DyMn2 Ge2 由顺磁状态到反铁磁状态的自发磁相变伴随着晶格常数a的负的磁弹性异常现象 .在4 2K— 2 0 0K的温度范围内测量了DyMn2 Ge2 的交流磁化率 .在交换相互作用的分子场模型近似下 ,从理论上分析讨论了DyMn2 Ge2 的低温自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变 .计算了DyMn2 Ge2 单晶的磁化强度与温度的变化关系以及不同温度下外磁场沿晶轴c方向时的磁化曲线 .理论分析和计算结果表明 ,温度低于 33K时在DyMn2 Ge2 中观察到的场诱导的一级磁相变为由亚铁磁状态 (Fi)到中间态 (IS)相变 .     

On the origin of giant magnetocaloric effect and thermal hysteresis in multifunctional α-FeRh thin films

We report temperature and field dependent lattice structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in epitaxial Fe₅₀Rh₅₀ thin films with (001) texture. Temperature-dependent XRD measurements reveal an irreversible first-order phase transition with 0.66% lattice change upon heating/cooling. First-principle calculation shows a state change of Rh from non-magnetic (0 μ_B) for antiferromagnetic phase to magnetic (0.93 μ_B) state for ferromagnetic phase. A jump of magnetization at temperature of 305 K and field more than 5 T indicates a field-assisted magnetic state change of Ru that contributes to the jump. Giant positive magnetic entropy change was confirmed by isothermal magnetization measurements and an in-situ temperature rise of 15 K. The magnetic state change of Rh between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states is the main origin of giant magnetic entropy change and large thermal hysteresis observed.     

Study of combined magnetic and electric hyperfine interactions for cadmium in Dysprosium by time differential perturbed angular correlations

The combined magnetic and electric hyperfine interaction at the site of a¹¹¹Cd impurity in magnetically ordered Dysprosium has been investigated as a function of temperature by time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements. Three different phases have been found in metallic Dy with transition temperatures of 85 and 179 °K in agreement with the results of bulk material measurements. In the paramagnetic phase above 179 °K a pure electric quadrupole interaction has been observed. The various contributions to the electric fieldgradient are analyzed and it is shown, that the dominant contribution comes from the conduction electrons. In the ferromagnetic phase which extends from 0 to 85 °K the magnetic hyperfine field at the site of¹¹¹Cd has the same temperature dependence as the spontaneous magnetization. The value of the hyperfine field at 4.2 °K is ¦H _eff¦=(221 ± 4) kG. At 85 °K a transition to the antiferromagnetic phase of Dy occurs, which shows a hysteresis of the transition temperature. In the antiferromagnetic phase the temperature dependence of the hyperfine field deviates considerably from the magnetization curve. It is suggested that this deviation might be due to a temperature dependence of thes-f exchange interaction.     

First-order phase transition in potassium dysprosium tungstate induced by the field renormalization and softening of the elastic moduli in the vicinity of a structural Jahn-Teller-type transition

The magnetostriction of KDy(WO₄)₂ single crystals is measured in an external magnetic field at temperatures below the temperature of a structural phase transition of the Jahn-Teller type. A steplike irreversible variation in the elastic strain is observed to occur with an increase in the magnetic field applied along the a or b axis of the monoclinic cell of the crystal. The residual change in the strain is retained after changing the sign of the magnetic field. The return to the initial state characterized by field-induced jumps in the strain is possible only after thermal cycling well above the structural phase transition temperature. The theory of this phenomenon is developed using a phenomenologically derived thermodynamic potential of the elastic sub-system that takes into account the crystal symmetry and the field renormalization of the elastic moduli. The jumplike transitions are interpreted as being due to the magnetic softening of the elastic moduli in the vicinity of the structural phase transition temperature.     

A microwave absorption study in the thermochromic SrMnO3

We report electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetically modulated microwave absorption spectroscopy (MAMMAS) studies at X-band (8.8–9.6 GHz) on powdered SrMnO₃ in the 90–400 K temperature range. EPR spectrum shows one broad single-line at room temperature, which is observed only above 280.5 K, being compatible with an antiferromagnetic order. The onset of the para–antiferromagnetic transition has been determined from the temperature dependence of three main parameters extracted from the EPR spectra: resonant field (H_res), peak-to-peak linewidth (ΔH_pp) and integrated intensity (I_EPR). The MAMMAS response shows a change in the region 276–283 K, compatible with the para–antiferromagnetic transition, without presenting any significant change in the region of thermochromism.     

Magnetic-field-induced phase transition in a two-dimensional quantum magnet with plaquette distortion

Magnetic field effect on the structure of the ground state of a two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg magnet is analyzed. A plaquette representation is used to solve the self-consistent problem and calculate the collective excitation spectrum in a magnetic field. Conditions are found for quantum transition between non-magnetic and oblique antiferromagnetic phases. The change in the ground state of the system is associated with disappearance of the gap in the spin excitation spectrum. Effects of frustration and magnetic field on the spectrum are analyzed. A phase diagram of stable singlet and magnetically ordered phases is presented.     

Interrelation between the soliton lattice and electric polarization in RMn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> oxides

Magnetic transitions from the paramagnetic state to an incommensurate magnetic structure and then to an ordered phase with long-range antiferromagnetic order in RMn₂O₅ (R is a rare-earth ion) oxides are analyzed. It is shown that a transition from the paramagnetic to the incommensurate phase is associated with exchange as well as relativistic interactions and can be described, apart from the basic magnetic order parameter, by an associated order parameter (viz., electric polarization along the y axis of the crystal). As a result of such a transition, the emergence of electric polarization in the crystal is not accompanied by a change in crystal symmetry.     

硫酸锂钾的室温相和低温相的锂离子位置

核磁共振实验表明,LiKSO₄在T_c=195K发生结构相变。本文报道了温度低于T_c时,Li位电场梯度张量的温度依赖关系。结合理想离子晶体模型,讨论了该晶体的结构,指出室温相Li的位置并不像Bradley所推测的,在(2/3,1/3,0.849)的位置,而应在(2/3,1/3,0.706)的位置;195K的相变是由于Li离子的位移造成;低温相的空间群可能为R3。 关键词：     

金属间化合物DyMn2Ge2的自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变

在10—800K的温度范围内用X射线衍射方法测量了DyMn₂Ge₂化合物的晶格常数与温度的变化关系,观察到高温时DyMn₂Ge₂由顺磁状态到反铁磁状态的自发磁相变伴随着晶格常数a的负的磁弹性异常现象.在4.2K—200K的温度范围内测量了DyMn₂Ge₂的交流磁化率.在交换相互作用的分子场模型近似下,从理论上分析讨论了DyMn₂Ge₂的低温自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变.计算了DyMn₂Ge₂单晶的磁化强度与温度的变化关系以及不同温度下外磁场沿晶轴c方向时的磁化曲线.理论分析和计算结果表明,温度低于33K时在DyMn₂Ge₂中观察到的场诱导的一级磁相变为由亚铁磁状态(Fi)到中间态(IS)相变. 关键词： 稀土-过渡族金属间化合物 磁结构 磁相变     

Single crystal elastic constants and magnetoelasticity of holmium from 4·2 to 300 K

The five independent elastic coefficients of holmium single crystals have been determined by means of an ultrasonic pulse technique at a frequency of 10 MHz, between 4·2 and 300 K. From the elastic constants the temperature variation of the directional adiabatic compressibilities, the limiting Debye temperature and the elastic anisotropy ratio were calculated. The elastic coefficients exhibit anomalies at the magnetic ordering transitions known to occur in holmium. Anomalous behavior in the elastic constants was also observed at about 80 K. The limiting value of the Debye temperature was found to be 191·5 K. The present measurements of the elastic constants, and the reported magnetostriction and thermal expansion data, enabled the calculation of the magnetoelastic contribution to the total Hamiltonian of holmium in the magnetically ordered states. A very small discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the magnetoelastic energy was observed at the Curie point of holmium. Below the Neel temperature, the magnetoelastic energy varies smoothly with decreasing temperature, attaining a value of ?2·13 J cm^?3 at liquid helium temperature. The temperature dependence of the magnetoelastic energy in the vicinity of the Curie point in holmium suggests that the magnetic transition from the antiferromagnetic arrangement into the ferromagnetic state is of second order.     

Pressure-induced magnetic transition in Fe2P

The weak field ac susceptibility and the resistivity of Fe₂P single crystals were measured as functions of temperature from 4.2–300 K and as functions of hydrostatic pressures up to 20 kbar, using a newly designed clamp-type pressure cell. The Curie temperature, and the first-order transition temperature, decreased rapidly with increasing pressure, and ferromagnetism vanished at about 13 kbar at 0 K. A second-order transition temperature, as well as the first-order transition, appeared in the region below 170 K and above 5 kbar (triple point) and a new pressure-induced magnetic phase was found. The phase is proposed to be antiferromagnetic for reasons discussed in the paper.     

Phase transition in antiferromagnets with anisotropic exchange interactions and uniaxial anisotropy

Abstract

Following the Bogoliubov variational principle, the equilibrium and stability equations of the free energy for the two sublattice antiferromagnetic system with inter- and intrasublattice exchange interactions and with an external magnetic field are investigated. For the Ising spin system with uniaxial anisotropy, the phase diagrams have been calculated for various values of anisotropy constant d and the ratio of intra- to intersublattice interaction constants γ. It is shown that first-order, as well as second-order transitions, occur for γ > 0, whereas only a second-order transition occurs for γ ≦ 0, irrespective of the sign of d. Furthermore, similar calculations are extended for the anisotropic Heisenberg spin system and quite interesting phase diagrams have been obtained. Next, the effects of the anisotropic exchange interactions on the magnetic ordered states and the magnetizations of the singlet ground state system of spin one and with a uniaxial anisotropy term are investigated in the vicinity of the level crossing field H ? D/gμ _B . A field-induced ordered state without the transverse component of magnetization is shown to appear in a certain range of magnetic field as the spin dimensionality decreases. It has also turned out that the phase transition between this ordered state and the canted antiferromagnetic state ordinarily found for the isotropic singlet ground state system is of first order. Lastly, the stable spin configurations at a temperature of absolute zero for a two-sublattice uniaxial antiferromagnet under an external magnetic field of arbitrary direction are studied. In particular, the effects of a single ionic anisotropy D-term and anisotropy in the exchange interactions on the magnetic phases are investigated. The antiferromagnetic state has turned out to appear only for the external magnetic field along the easy axis of sublattice magnetization, and makes a first-order phase transition to the canted-spin state or the ferromagnetic state. For other field directions, no antiferromagnetic state appears and only a second-order phase transition between the canted-spin and the ferromagnetic states occurs. The critical field as a function of external field direction has been calculated for several D-values.     

Influence of magnetic ordering on electronic structure of Tb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> ion in TbFe<Subscript>3</Subscript>(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript> crystal

Optical absorption spectra of trigonal crystal TbFe₃(BO₃)₄ have been studied in the region of ⁷F₆ → ⁵D₄ transition in Tb³⁺ ion depending on temperature (2–220 K) and on magnetic field (0–60 kOe). Splitting of the Tb³⁺ excited states, both under the influence of the external magnetic field and effective exchange field of the Fe-sublattice, have been determined. Landé factors of the excited states have been found. Stepwise splitting of one of the absorption lines has been discovered in the region of the Fe-sublattice magnetic ordering temperature. This is shown to be due to the abrupt change of equilibrium geometry of the local Tb³⁺ ion environment only in the excited state of the Tb³⁺ ion. In general, the magnetic ordering is accompanied by temperature variations of the Tb³⁺ local environment in the excited states. The crystal field splitting components have been identified. In particular, it has been shown that the ground state (in D ₃ symmetry approximation) consists of two close singlet states of A ₁ and A ₂ type, which are split and magnetized by effective exchange field of the Fe-sublattice. Orientations of magnetic moments of the excited electronic states relative to that of the ground state have been experimentally determined in the magnetically ordered state of the crystal. A pronounced shift of one of absorption lines has been observed in the vicinity of the TbFe₃(BO₃)₄ structural phase transition. The temperature interval of coexistence of the phases is about 3 K.     

Magnetic Properties and Spin Crossover in Transition Metal Oxides with d 5 Ions at High Pressures

We analyze the influence of cooperative effects on the magnetic properties and spin crossover between the high-spin (HS) term S = 5/2 and low-spin (LS) term S = 1/2 in Mott–Hubbard dielectrics with 3d5 ions under high pressures. Two cooperation mechanisms (superexchange interaction and effective interaction via the elastic system) are considered. The sign of the exchange interaction changes because of the crossover from the antiferromagnetic in the HS state to the ferromagnetic in the LS state. In view of the large difference between the ionic radii of the HS and LS states, the systems with spin crossover acquire an additional strong coupling via the elastic system. Using the Hubbard operator representation and considering the electronic states of the two terms simultaneously, we obtain the effective Hamiltonian with allowance for the cooperative effects. The magnetic phase diagram and the spin crossover are investigated in the mean field approximation. It is shown that the inclusion of cooperative effects at low temperatures leads to a first-order phase transition between the antiferromagnetic HS state and the ferromagnetic LS state. At higher temperatures, more complicated sequences of phase transitions are possible upon an increase in pressure, including the HS paramagnet–HS antiferromagnet–LS paramagnet and HS antiferromagnet–LS paramagnet–LS ferromagnet transitions.     

Mössbauer effect study of Y(57FeMn)2

YMn₂ compound doped with⁵⁷Fe was investigated using⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer resonance in the temperature range 4.2–400 K. The magnetically split spectra were analyzed assuming two magnetically nonequivalent Fe sites with relative population dependent on iron concentration. In the transition temperature region a coexistence of the magnetic and nonmagnetic components was observed in the temperature span of about 50 K. A thermal hysteresis (of about 25 K) of the magnetic component confirms the first-order type magnetic transition. Temperature dependence of the hyperfine field of the magnetic component could be interpreted in terms of spin-fluctuation theory.     

Hyperfine spectroscopic study of the metal-insulator transition in V2O3

The metal-insulator (M-I) transition in vanadium sesquioxide V₂O₃ has been investigated by time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements of the electric fieldgradient (EFG) and the magnetic hyperfine field at dilute¹¹¹Cd impurities. The EFG undergoes a first-order change at the M-I transition at T_t=160 K, but does not reflect the high temperature resistivity anomaly. The increase of the EFG with temperature in the metallic phase can be attributed to thermal variations of the oxygen sublattice. The temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field in the insulating phase follows a Brioullin function with a saturation value of H_hf(O)=15 KOe and an extrapolated Neel temperature, which, depending on the impurity concentration, varies between 188 and 230 K.     

Peculiarities of the dielectric,elastic, and anelastic properties of the PbFe<Subscript>1/2</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>1/2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ferroelectromagnet at the antiferromagnetic phase transition

Peculiarities in the behavior of the dielectric, elastic, and anelastic properties of the PbFe_1/2Nb_1/2O₃ ceramic ferroelectromagnet have been found and investigated near the antiferromagnetic phase transition (Néel temperature T _N = 160 K). It is established that the transition to the antiferromagnetic phase leads to a decrease in the permittivity and elastic compliance. The anomaly of permittivity found near T _N indicates the presence of magnetoelectric interaction in the magnetically ordered phase.     

Magnetostructural phase transitions in manganese arsenide single crystals

The effect of an external magnetic field with a strength up to 140 kOe on the phase transitions in manganese arsenide single crystals has been investigated. The existence of unstable magnetic and crystal structures at temperatures above the Curie temperature T _C = 308 K has been established. The displacements of manganese and arsenic atoms during the magnetostructural phase transition and the shift in the temperature of the first-order magnetostructural phase transition in a magnetic field have been determined. It has been shown that the magnetocaloric effect in a magnetic field of 140 kOe near the Curie temperature T _C is equal to ??T ?? 13 K. A model of the superparamagnetic state in MnAs above the temperature T _C has been proposed using the data on the magnetic properties and structural transformation in the region of the first-order magnetostructural phase transition. It has been demonstrated that, at temperatures close to T _C, apart from the contribution to the change in the entropy from the change in the magnetization there is a significant contribution from the transformation of the crystal lattice due to the magnetostructural phase transition.     

Alpha-plutonium's polycrystalline elastic moduli over its full temperature range

alpha-plutonium's volume-corrected polycrystal elastic moduli were measured between 18 K and the upper limit of its occurrence, near 400 K. The two independent moduli for a polycrystal-bulk and shear-behave smoothly, indicating no phase transition. Both moduli show the same 50% increase on cooling, an order of magnitude larger than in other metals. The Debye temperature obtained from low-temperature elastic moduli, 207 K, significantly exceeds most previous estimates. The Gruneisen parameter gamma=5.3, obtained from the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus, is intermediate among previous estimates using other approaches, alpha-plutonium's Poisson ratio nu is low: 0.18, nearly temperature independent, and its small decrease on warming opposes usual behavior. The high gamma, large but equal bulk modulus and shear modulus fractional stiffening on cooling, and near-temperature-invariant nu are attributed to a single mechanism: 5-f electron localization-delocalization.