描述非线性动力响应的砂质土本构模型

本文提出描述非线性响应的砂擀土本构模型，由本构模型计算所得到的理论曲线与实验曲线发接近此模型能广泛地用于土工问题的弹一塑性有限元分析中。     

高应变率下航空透明聚氨酯的动态本构模型

采用低阻抗分离式霍普金森压杆对航空透明聚氨酯进行了高应变率下的动态力学性能测试,得到的应力应变曲线表现出了显著的非线性黏弹性特征。基于本构理论和实验数据,构建了航空透明聚氨酯的松弛时间应变相关的超黏弹性本构形式。该本构模型由2部分组成:一部分表征准静态下的超弹性行为,另一部分描述非线性应变率的相关特性。利用超黏弹性本构模型对不同应变率下航空透明聚氨酯的动态应力应变曲线进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验曲线一致性良好。     

双向加载条件下尼龙6-橡胶复合材料的应力松弛研究

在双向测试系统上进行了不同纵向应变与不同横向应变的双向松弛实验,研究了在双向拉伸载荷作用下单向尼龙6-橡胶复合材料的应力松弛特性．为了预测尼龙6-橡胶复合材料的应力松弛规律,提出了一个松弛型本构模型．当试件承受双向拉伸载荷作用时,将松弛型本构模型获得的理论曲线和实验数据进行了对比,二者取得了较好的一致性．     

高温下聚氨酯软泡压缩力学性能的研究

根据聚氨酯软泡的组织构成,将材料的粘弹性分为聚氨酯基体的粘弹性与气体和基体间的摩擦两部分,提出了高温下聚氨酯软泡的一种本构模型。然后,对一类聚氨酯软泡进行了不同恒定温度下材料压缩松弛实验。结果表明,随着温度升高,材料的粘弹性特征越来越来明显,成型性也随之呈现并逐渐加强。最后,根据实验数据,对本文提出的本构模型进行了参数拟合,通过实验结果与模型拟合结果的对比,发现本构模型拟合曲线与实验数据吻合程度高,并且模型的预测结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性,验证了所建模型的正确性。为聚氨酯软泡在高温下的使用与加工提供了理论依据。     

双基推进剂的高应变率力学特性及其含损伤ZWT本构

为了解双基推进剂在冲击载荷下的力学特性及本构行为,利用材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）对双基推进剂进行了单轴压缩实验,并对实验数据的有效性进行了检验。用二波法对实验数据进行处理,得到了双基推进剂的应力应变曲线。实验结果表明:双基推进剂具有明显的应变率相关性,动态下屈服应力与静态下相比明显提高,且屈服应力表现为应变率对数的双线性关系;双基推进剂屈服应变表现为延脆转换特性,在低应变率下表现为延展性,高应变率下表现为冲击脆化特性。利用含损伤朱王唐（ZWT）本构模型对实验结果进行了拟合,得到了模型中的本构参数,并对损伤因子项进行了分析。通过模型预测曲线与实验曲线的对比,发现含损伤ZWT本构能较好地描述双基推进剂在0～0.14应变范围内的力学特性。     

纯锆的本构模型研究

采用基于位错动力学理论的USCD模型，经拟舍得到纯锆的本构模型。针对其在较高应变率和较低温度下的预测结果和实验数据偏差较大的缺点，考虑锆塑性变形过程中孪晶演化的影响，对模型进行了修正。修正后的本构模型可以较好地描述纯锆在较宽温度范围内、不同应变率下的塑性变形行为，本构模型预测结果和实验数据吻合很好。     

粘弹塑性统一本构模型的参数评估

针对粘弹塑性统一本构模型参效众多的特点和传统评估参效方法的缺点，应用非线性最小二秉法与敏感系数分析方法相结合，提出了一个比较系统的对粘弹塑性统一本构模型的参数进行评估的方法。对铜合金在室温下不同加载速率的试验曲线进行参数适配，表明本方法的合理性与正确性。为粘弹塑性统一本构模型的工程应用奠定了基础。     

不同应变率下聚乙烯材料的压缩力学性能

为了研究聚乙烯材料在不同应变率下的压缩力学性能，通过准静态实验和动态实验获得聚乙烯材料不同应变率下的应力应变曲线，分析发现:聚乙烯的弹性模量和屈服强度随应变率增大而增大，具有明显的黏弹塑性；聚乙烯材料进入塑性阶段，其应力应变曲线在不同应变率下具有相近的变化趋势，即塑性切向模量近似相同。根据聚乙烯材料的压缩力学性能，建立了弹性区、屈服点和塑性区的分段本构模型。该模型的屈服点和塑性段与实验结果吻合较好，由于弹性段采用线弹性模型，与实验结果存在一定偏差，可近似描述材料的弹性行为。     

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基于群体与适应度的概念，应用改进的PSO算法，从随机解出发，提出了基于PSO 算法的本构模型参数识别方法. 该方法解决了橡胶类材料大应变时硬化现象的本构模型参数 的确定这一难题. 首先通过单轴拉伸本构模型实验，在针对硬化实验曲线存在拐点的情 况下，应用PSO算法进行拟合，最后利用简单剪切实验进行验证. 结果表明该方法科学可行， 且具有速度快、精度高、易于收敛等优点. 并且有效地解决了本构模型参数识别的困难，可 广泛应用于各种复杂材料.     

用HJC本构模型模拟混凝土SHPB实验

运用Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) 本构模型对混凝土的SHPB实验进行了数值模拟。解决了罚函数算法中罚因子合理数值的选取问题。利用模拟结果按SHPB两波法重构了试样的应力应变曲线。分析了混凝土材料的SHPB实验得到应力应变曲线的有效段范围和各段的力学规律。通过比较实际混凝土材料SHPB实验和数值模拟得到的应力应变曲线,发现两者体现的力学行为很相似,即HJC模型是描述该类材料的一种合理本构模型。模拟了试样不同平行度公差下的SHPB实验,发现在一定应变率范围内其影响程度远大于试样应力(应变)不均匀性。     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎｐａｐｅｒ [1 ]ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒ＿ｂａｓｅｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｃｏｈｅｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓｓｏｉｌ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｉｎ .Ｔｈａｔｉｓ ,ｕｎｄｅｒｐｌａｎｅｓｔｒａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｃａｎｂｅｅｑｕｉ…     

含损伤的冻土本构模型及耦合问题数值分析

从复合材料的细观力学机理出发，建立了含损伤的冻土弹性本构模型. 对于在不同冰体积 含量和不同温度下的冻结砂土，由该损伤本构模型计算的结果与实测的应力-应变曲线比较 吻合. 利用自主开发的程序，分别对渠道冻结和冻土路基的水分场、温度场、应力场3场耦 合进行数值模拟，得到了比较准确、详尽的符合实际的温度场与应力场、位移场、应变场耦 合的计算结果，与前人的计算及实测结果相符合，规律一致. 表明该程序能够计算冻土材料 的相关物理量，并能很好地描述这些相关物理量之间的关系.     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

The stress vector-based constitutive model for cohesionless soil, proposed by SHI Hong-yan et al., was applied to analyze the deformation behaviors of materials subjected to various stress paths. The result of analysis shows that the constitutive model can capture well the main deformation behavior of cohesionless soil, such as stress-strain nonlinearity, hardening property, dilatancy, stress path dependency, non-coaxiality between the principal stress and the principal strain increment directions, and the coupling of mean effective and deviatoric stress with deformation. In addition, the model can also take into account the rotation of principal stress axes and the influence of intermediate principal stress on deformation and strength of soil simultaneously. The excellent agreement between the predicted and measured behavior indicates the comprehensive applicability of the model. Biography: SHI Hong-yan (1962-), Associate Professor, Doctor     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅰ)-THEORY

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A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅰ)-THEORY

On the basis of the sufficient consideration of vectorial characteristics of stress, a new nonlinear constitutive model for cohesionless soil under plane strain and 3-D conditions was presented in a way that the action effects of stress vector are decomposed into the action effect of mean effective stress and that of the stress ratio vector (ratio of deviatoric stress vector to mean effective stress). The constitutive model can take account of the influence of both numerical and directional changes of stress vector on deformation of soil simultaneously, and is applicable of both static and dynamic loading. Biography: Shi Hong-yan (1964-)     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢多轴非比例棘轮行为及其影响因素研究

对１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢材料进行了两种不同加载路径的多轴非比例应力循环棘轮效应试验，研究了应力路径形状、平均应力及其历史对棘轮效应的影响，揭示了些材料多轴非比例棘轮效应的一些特征及其原因。为建立能较为精确地估计材料在多非比例应力循环下的累积变形的本构模型提供了一定的实验和理论分析的依据。     

DOUBLE-MEDIUM CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF GEOLOGICAL MATERIAL IN UNIAXIAL TENSION AND COMPRESSION

Based on elasto-plasticity and damage mechanics, a double-medium constitutive model of geological material under uniaxial tension and compression was presented, on the assumption that rock and soil materials are the pore-fracture double-medium, and porous medium has no damage occurring, while fracture medium has damage occurring with load. To the implicit equation of the model, iterative method was adopted to obtain the complete stress-strain curve of the material. The result shows that many different distributions (uniform distribution, concentrated distribution and random distribution) of fractures in rock and soil material are the essential reasons of the daedal constitutive relations. By the reason that the double-medium constitutive model separates the material to be porous medium part, which is the main body of elasticity, and fracture medium part, which is the main body of damage, it is of important practical values and theoretical meanings to the study on failure of rock and soil or materials containing damage.     

Numerical simulation of a fluid-saturated soil under a dynamically loaded pile

The behaviour of the soil under a dynamically loaded pile toe is studied. The soil is modelled as a fluid saturated porous continuum. The constitutive behaviour of the solid skeleton is described by the elasto-plastic model of Drücker-Prager. The wave propagation is simulated with a dynamical finite-element program.A two-phase model of soil gives useful information about effective stress and pore pressure in the soil. In saturated soil the main wave under the pile toe propagates more downards than in dry soil, due to the higher compressional stiffness in saturated soil. The plastic zone under the pile toe propagates with the velocity of the fast compressional wave. The pore fluid influences the plasticity strongly and can be expected to affect pile driving too.The distribution of effective stress and pore pressure under the pile toe depends on the permeability of the soil and cannot be calculated uniquely from a single-phase calculation. Therefore, a nonlinear soil cannot be modelled correctly as a conventional single-phase material.     

Uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature: experiments and simulations

The uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting behaviors of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature were initially researched by experiment and then were theoretically described by a cyclic constitutive model in the framework of unified visco-plasticity. The effects of cyclic stress amplitude, mean stress, and their histories on the ratcheting were experimentally investigated under uniaxial and different multiaxial loading paths. The shapes of non-proportional loading paths were linear, circular, elliptical and rhombic, respectively. In the constitutive model, the rate-dependent behavior of the material was reflected by a viscous term; the cyclic flow and cyclic hardening behaviors of the material under asymmetrical stress-controlled cycling were reflected by the evolution rules of kinematic hardening back stress and isotropic deforming resistance, respectively. The effect of loading history on the ratcheting was also considered by introducing two fading memorization functions for maximum inelastic strain amplitude and isotropic deformation resistance, respectively, into the constitutive model. The effect of multiaxial loading path on the ratcheting was reflected by a non-proportional factor defined in this work. The predicting ability of the developed model was proved to be good by comparing the simulations with corresponding experiments.     

主应力轴旋转下黏土累积变形的分数阶元件模型

在长期交通载荷作用下土体塑性累积变形本构模型对路基沉降计算至为关键.元件组合模型可以计算岩土体循环累积应变,但现有的各类元件模型未能反映饱和软黏土的主应力轴循环旋转现象.在对饱和软黏土进行等向固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转加载试验及非等向固结下的循环扭剪试验基础上,将Abel黏壶代替Burgers模型中的Newton黏壶,得到分数阶Burgers模型;利用遗传算法优化循环塑性累积应变的Burgers模型和分数阶Burgers模型的参数,通过对比两组模型的计算值与试验值,发现分数阶模型更适合模拟计算循环载荷下饱和软黏土的累积变形.