Tb3+荧光离子探针检测三链DNA的形成

Tb^3 本身具有荧光,Tb^3 和DNA结合后仍具有荧光,荧光强度不仅与DNA中碱基的种类有关,而且还与DNA是单链、双链还是三链有关。文章用Tb^3 离子作为荧光探针,检测了三链DNA的形成。实验结果表明：polydA和Tb^3 结合后的荧光强度大于polyd T和Tb^3 结合后的荧光强度。说明荧光强度和碱基的种类有关。实验结果还显示Tb^3 在与三链DNA作用后的荧光光谱的谱峰位置与单链及双链DNA的荧光光谱的谱峰位置基本相同,但是其强度差异明显。Tb^3 与单链DNA作用后的荧光强度最大,三链次之,Tb^3 与双链DNA作用后的荧光强度最弱。通过测定荧光强度的变化研究了三链DNA的形成和pH、金属离子对形成三链DNA的影响。pH中性和高价阳离子的存在有利于三链DNA的形成。     

Mono and Trimethine Cyanines Cyan 40 and Cyan 2 as Probes for Highly Selective Fluorescent Detection of Non-canonical DNA Structures

Two of earlier reported dsDNA sensitive cyanine dyes??monomethine Cyan 40 and meso-substituted trimethine Cyan 2 were studied for their ability to interact with non-canonical DNA conformations. These dyes were characterized by spectral-luminescent methods in the presence of G-quadruplex, triplex and dsDNA motifs. We have demonstrated that Cyan 2 binds strongly and preferentially to triple- and quadruple-stranded DNA forms that results in a strong enhancement of the dye fluorescence, as compared to dsDNA, while Cyan 40 form fluorescent complexes preferentially only with the triplex form. Highly fluorescent complexes of Cyan 2 with DNA triplexes and G-quadruplexes and Cyan 40 with DNA triplexes are very stable and do not dissociate during gel electrophoresis, leading to preferential staining of the above DNA forms in gels. The data presented point to the intercalation mechanism of the Cyan 2 binding to G4-DNA, while the complexes of Cyan 40 and Cyan 2 with triplex DNA are believed to be formed via groove binding mode. The Cyan dyes can provide a highly sensitive method for detection and quantification of non-canonical structures in genome.     

Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Triangular Rods by Single-Exposure Holographic Lithography

We demonstrate a single-exposure holographic fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal with round- cornered triangular ＇atoms＇ arranged in a triangular lattice. Simulation results show that double absolute photonic band gaps exist in this structure. Our experimental results show that holographic lithography can be used to fabricate photonic crystals not only with various lattice structures but also with various kinds of structures of the atoms, to obtain absolute band gaps or a particular band gap structure. Furthermore, the single-exposure holographic method not only makes the fabrication process simple and convenient but also makes the structures of the atoms more perfect.     

An Update of DNA Hydrogel Application in Biosensing

DNA gel not only uses the skeleton function of hydrogel but also the biological function of DNA to realize the unified fusion of the structure and function of hydrogel material. By introducing specific small molecules into the DNA gel, it can respond to pH, temperature, ultraviolet, infrared, metal ions, and drug small molecules. To further realize the detection and loading of various small molecules in the biomedical field, the specific recognition and detection of heavy metal ions and toxins in the environment are done. In this paper, the preparation of pure DNA gel and hybrid DNA gel, their detection in the biomedical and environmental fields are reviewed, and their prospects and further development directions are discussed.     

耦合谐振器光波导旋转传感的相位灵敏度

利用光学谐振器结构的色散可提高旋转传感的灵敏度, 耦合谐振器光波导可实现强色散, 本文利用传输矩阵理论, 研究耦合谐振器光波导旋转传感的相位灵敏度, 讨论谐振器布局和波导参数对相位灵敏度的影响, 结果表明波导的相位曲线和相位灵敏度依赖于波导中谐振器的布局, 谐振器数量和耦合系数不仅会影响波导旋转传感相位灵敏度曲线峰值的数量和带宽, 还会影响相位灵敏度的大小, 而损耗会降低波导的相位灵敏度, 本文的结果可用于利用谐振器布局和波导参数设计耦合谐振器光波导的相位灵敏度, 对其在旋转传感方面的应用有重要意义. 关键词： 谐振器 旋转传感 光波导     

面向自组装结构精确控制的聚集结构定量计算及表征方法

在自组装结构形成过程中,热涨落会导致出现多种无定形结构及转化路径. 这些无定型结构对应着不同的粒子聚集程度,但是目前缺乏描述它们的定量方法. 为了实现对自组装结构的精确控制,其中重要的一步是定量描述和分析在自组装结构形成过程中出现的不同聚集结构. 本文提出了一种直接计算以及定量对比不同聚集结构的方法,进一步给出了几个案例研究用来评估聚集结构如何受外界控制因素(如相互作用范围、强度、以及吸引作用的各向异性)的影响.     

平行板-偏心圆柱耦合传输线的特性阻抗

提出用保角变换边界元组合法计算平行板-偏心圆柱耦合传输线的特性阻抗。通过对三种基本偏心结构的计算,获得平行板-偏心圆柱耦合传输线的特性阻抗数据。这些数据不仅可为平行板-偏心圆柱耦合传输线的准确设计提供理论依据,而且可为同轴传输线的加工制作精度提供理论参考。     

A Review of Monte Carlo Simulations of Polymers with PERM

In this review, we describe applications of the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM), a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with resampling, to various problems in polymer physics. PERM produces samples according to any given prescribed weight distribution, by growing configurations step by step with controlled bias, and correcting “bad” configurations by “population control”. The latter is implemented, in contrast to other population based algorithms like e.g. genetic algorithms, by depth-first recursion which avoids storing all members of the population at the same time in computer memory. The problems we discuss all concern single polymers (with one exception), but under various conditions: Homopolymers in good solvents and at the Θ point, semi-stiff polymers, polymers in confining geometries, stretched polymers undergoing a forced globule-linear transition, star polymers, bottle brushes, lattice animals as a model for randomly branched polymers, DNA melting, and finally—as the only system at low temperatures, lattice heteropolymers as simple models for protein folding. PERM is for some of these problems the method of choice, but it can also fail. We discuss how to recognize when a result is reliable, and we discuss also some types of bias that can be crucial in guiding the growth into the right directions.     

测定含重原子晶体结构时出现多解情况的一般规律

在测定含重原子晶体的结构时,往往由于重原子分布的特殊性,使轻原于的位置不能唯一地确定,这种情况不仅常常出现在Patterson分析中,而且也常常出现在重原子法和直接法中,因此它是单晶体结构分析中常常遇到的一个困难问题。作者以前曾经系统地提出过处理这个问题的办法,本文则阐明用各种方法测定含重原子的晶体结构时,轻原子位置出现多解情况的一般规律。 关键词：     

Is diffusion anisotropy an accurate monitor of myelination?: Correlation of multicomponent T2 relaxation and diffusion tensor anisotropy in human brain

We compare T2-relaxation and diffusion tensor data from normal human brain. The relationships between myelin-water fraction (MWF) and various diffusion tensor measures [e.g., fractional anisotropy (FA), perpendicular diffusivity (ADC perpendicular) and mean diffusivity ] in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) structures in the brain were examined in 16 normal volunteers at 1.5 T and 6 normal subjects at 3.0 T and mean diffusivity. We found some degree of linear correlation between these measurements, but by using region of interest (ROI)-based analysis, we also observed several structures which seemed to deviate significantly from a linear relationship. From all investigated relationships between various diffusion tensor measures and myelin-water content, FA and ADC perpendicular yielded the highest correlation coefficients with MWF. However, diffusion anisotropy was also significantly influenced by factors other than myelin-water content. The less operator-dependent voxel-based analysis (VBA) between myelin-water and diffusional anisotropy measures is proposed as an innovative alternative to ROI-based analysis. We confirmed that WM structures, in general, have higher diffusional anisotropy than GM structures and also have higher myelin-water content. However, our findings suggest that in the highly organized fibre arrangement of compact WM structures such as the genu of the corpus callosum, elevated degrees of diffusional anisotropies are measured, which do not necessarily correspond to an elevated myelin content but more likely reflect the highly organized directionality of fibre bundles in these areas (low microscopic and macroscopic tortuosity) as well as strongly restricted diffusion in the interstitial space between the myelinated axons. Conversely, in structures with disorganized fibre bundles and multiple fibre crossings, such as the minor and major forceps, low FA values were measured, which does not necessarily reflect a decrease myelin-water content.     

A novel chaos-based image encryption algorithm using DNA sequence operations

An image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence operations is proposed in this paper. First, the plain image is encoded into a DNA matrix, and then a new wave-based permutation scheme is performed on it. The chaotic sequences produced by 2D Logistic chaotic map are employed for row circular permutation (RCP) and column circular permutation (CCP). Initial values and parameters of the chaotic system are calculated by the SHA 256 hash of the plain image and the given values. Then, a row-by-row image diffusion method at DNA level is applied. A key matrix generated from the chaotic map is used to fuse the confused DNA matrix; also the initial values and system parameters of the chaotic system are renewed by the hamming distance of the plain image. Finally, after decoding the diffused DNA matrix, we obtain the cipher image. The DNA encoding/decoding rules of the plain image and the key matrix are determined by the plain image. Experimental results and security analyses both confirm that the proposed algorithm has not only an excellent encryption result but also resists various typical attacks.     

Semiconductor nanowires for novel one-dimensional devices

Low-dimensional semiconductors offer interesting physical phenomena but also the possibility to realize novel types of devices based on, for instance, 1D structures. By using traditional top-down fabrication methods the performance of devices is often limited by the quality of the processed device structures. In many cases damage makes ultra-small devices unusable. In this work we present a recently developed method for bottom-up fabrication of epitaxially nucleated semiconductor nanowires based on metallic nanoparticle-induced formation of self-assembled nanowires. Further development of the vapor–liquid–solid growth method have made it possible to control not only the dimension and position of nanowires but also to control heterostructures formed inside the nanowires. Based on these techniques we have realized a series of transport devices such as resonant tunneling and single-electron transistors but also optically active single quantum dots positioned inside nanowires displaying sharp emission characteristics due to excitons.     

Silicene structures on silver surfaces

In this paper we report on several structures of silicene, the analog of graphene for silicon, on the silver surfaces Ag(100), Ag(110) and Ag(111). Deposition of Si produces honeycomb structures on these surfaces. In particular, we present an extensive theoretical study of silicene on Ag(111) for which several recent experimental studies have been published. Different silicene structures were obtained only by varying the silicon coverage and/or its atomic arrangement. All the structures studied show that silicene is buckled, with a Si-Si nearest neighbor distance varying between 2.28 and 2.5 ?. Due to the buckling in the silicene sheet, the apparent (lateral) Si-Si distance can be as low as 1.89 ?. We also found that for a given coverage and symmetry, one may observe different scanning tunneling microscopy images corresponding to structures that differ by only a translation.     

Bottom-up design and assembly with superatomic building blocks

Constructing specific structures from the bottom up with artificial units is an important interdisciplinary topic involving physics, chemistry, materials, and so on. In this work, we theoretically demonstrated the feasibility of using superatoms as building blocks to assemble a complex at atomic-level precision. By using a series of actinide-based endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) superatoms that can form one, two, three and four chemical bonds, a planar complex with intra- and inter-molecular interactions was assembled on the Au(111) surface. This complex is composed of two parts, containing ten and eight superatoms, respectively. The electronic structure analysis shows that the electron density inside each part is connected and the closed-shell electronic arrangement system is designed. There is also an obvious van der Waals boundary by physical adsorption between the two parts, and a stable complex is formed. Since this complex is realized by the first-principles calculations of quantum mechanics, our results help not only achieve atomic-level precision construction with artificial superatomic units but also maintain atomic-level functional properties.     

Conductivity in an activity gradient

A procedure to evaluate conductivity measurements on a sample exposed to an activity gradient is presented The method allows the measured mean conductivity to be subsequently associated with a denned activity It offers not only an experimentally simple alternative to the Wagner-Hebb experiment, but also enables detailed information to be obtained about the activity dependence of the conductivity in polarization measurements with two blocking electrodes as well as in concentration cell experiments, no matter whether a two- or four-point arrangement is used It is further shown how the steady-state activities, which are necessary to compute the desired mean value, can be obtained from the initial and boundary conditions     

Crystal structure prediction of uranium hydrides at high pressure: A new hydrogen-rich phase

Uranium hydride is a novel hydrogen-rich system which contains 5f electrons. Uranium hydride can not only be used in the nuclear fuel industry, but also be a candidate of high superconducting-temperature materials. In this paper, we have searched the stable uranium hydride structures by using particle swarm optimization method and first-principles calculations. Besides UH₈ and UH₉, we find that UH₁₇, which contains larger hydrogen content than most hydride materials reported before, is also stable at high pressure. The atomic structures, electronic structures and phase diagram of uranium hydrides are provided, and we find that all of the discovered uranium hydrides are metals with negligible magnetic moments.     

Development of a DNA chip microarray using hydrophobic interaction between template and particle by using the random fluidic self-assembly method

In this paper, we report a new approach for DNA chip microarray fabrication. A multifunctional DNA chip microarray was prepared by randomly distributing a mixture of particles on a chip pattern. The particles were arranged on the chip pattern by the random fluidic self-assembly (RFSA) method, using a hydrophobic interaction for assembly. Establishing the walls improved the arrangement stability of the particles. As a result, each DNA was able to distinguish by using the tag written by a lithography process on the particles.     

多波长同时照明的菲涅耳域非相干叠层衍射成像

传统的叠层衍射成像往往采用单波长照明,即使使用多波长来提升恢复质量也是采用依次照明的方式,同时对相干性要求很高.非相干光照明一直被认为不利于衍射成像.本文提出了一种多波长同时照明的非相干叠层衍射成像方案及相应的多路复用叠层衍射成像算法,并通过仿真和实验验证了该方案的可行性.相比于传统的相干叠层衍射成像方案,该方案不仅能够很好地恢复物像,同时也能够恢复不同波长下分别对应的物体的光谱响应、复振幅探针和光谱比例,从而获得更多的物体信息,具有多通道和多光谱的优势.同时,通过彩色图像编码的方式,能够实现物体的真彩色复原和图像质量的增强.此外,还证明了该算法具有很强的鲁棒性,研究了最多可分辨波长的数量.该研究结果为叠层衍射成像技术的信息多路复用及多光谱成像在更多领域的应用展现了可能性.     

一种测量吸附分子列向的方法——利用近阈结构谱和选择定则

局域分子轨道不易受环境影响,因此当分子被吸附且未被破坏时,跃迁到局域分子轨道产生的近阈结构谱基本不受环境影响.对于固定列向的吸附分子,当用偏振X射线测量其近阈结构谱时,相对强度将与偏振方向和分子列向有关.根据这一特性,基于选择定则可以判断吸附分子的列向. 关键词： 量子数亏损理论 近阈结构 选择定则 分子列向