The set of recurrent points of a continuous self-map on an interval and strong chaos

In this paper, we discuss a continuous self-map of an interval and the existence of an uncountable strongly chaotic set. It is proved that if a continuous self-map of an interval has positive topological entropy, then it has an uncountable strongly chaotic set in which each point is recurrent, but is not almost periodic.     

Critical homoclinic orbits lead to snap-back repellers

When nondegenerate homoclinic orbits to an expanding fixed point of a map f:X→X,X⊆Rⁿ, exist, the point is called a snap-back repeller. It is known that the relevance of a snap-back repeller (in its original definition) is due to the fact that it implies the existence of an invariant set on which the map is chaotic. However, when does the first homoclinic orbit appear? When can other homoclinic explosions, i.e., appearance of infinitely many new homoclinic orbits, occur? As noticed by many authors, these problems are still open. In this work we characterize these bifurcations, for any kind of map, smooth or piecewise smooth, continuous or discontinuous, defined in a bounded or unbounded closed set. We define a noncritical homoclinic orbit and a homoclinic orbit of an expanding fixed point is structurally stable iff it is noncritical. That is, only critical homoclinic orbits are responsible for the homoclinic explosions. The possible kinds of critical homoclinic orbits will be also investigated, as well as their dynamic role.     

Uniform convergence and sequence of maps on a compact metric space with some chaotic properties

Recently, C. Tain and G. Chen introduced a new concept of sequence of time invariant function. In this paper we try to investigate the chaotic behavior of the uniform limit function f : X → X of a sequence of continuous topologically transitive (in strongly successive way) functions fn : X → X, where X is a compact interval. Surprisingly, we find that the uniform limit function is chaotic in the sense of Devaney. Lastly, we give an example to show that the denseness property of Devaney’s definition is lost on the limit function.     

Extensions of invariant ideals

An ideai on a setX has the property S(k) iff for every partition ofX into sets of cardinality at leastk there exists a selector inI. We give a solution to a problem of Weglorz [6] proving, in particular, that if G is a group of uncountable, regular cardinalityk then every invariant,k-complete ideal on G can be extended to an invariant,k-complete ideal onG with the property S(k).Presented by Jan Mycielski.     

On the location of fixed points on pairs of spaces

Let f: (X, A)→(X, A) be an admissible selfmap of a pair of metrizable ANR's. A Nielsen number of the complement Ñ(f; X, A) and a Nielsen number of the boundary ñ(f; X, A) are defined. Ñ(f; X, A) is a lower bound for the number of fixed points on C1(X - A) for all maps in the homotopy class of f. It is usually possible to homotope f to a map which is fixed point free on Bd A, but maps in the homotopy class of f which have a minimal fixed point set on X must have at least ñ(f; X, A) fixed points on Bd A. It is shown that for many pairs of compact polyhedra these lower bounds are the best possible ones, as there exists a map homotopic to f with a minimal fixed point set on X which has exactly Ñ(f; X - A) fixed points on C1(X−A) and ñ(f; X, A) fixed points on Bd A. These results, which make the location of fixed points on pairs of spaces more precise, sharpen previous ones which show that the relative Nielsen number N(f; X, A) is the minimum number of fixed points on all of X for selfmaps of (X, A), as well as results which use Lefschetz fixed point theory to find sufficient conditions for the existence of one fixed point on C1(X−A).     

Rings of Continuous Functions on Spaces of Finite Rank and the SV Property

Let X be a compact topological space and let C(X) denote the f-ring of all continuous real-valued functions defined on X. A point x in X is said to have rank n if, in C(X), there are n minimal prime ?-ideals contained in the maximal ?-ideal M _x  = {f ? C(X):f(x) = 0}. The space X has finite rank if there is an n ? N such that every point x ? X has rank at most n. We call X an SV space (for survaluation space) if C(X)/P is a valuation domain for each minimal prime ideal P of C(X). Every compact SV space has finite rank. For a bounded continuous function h defined on a cozeroset U of X, we say there is an h-rift at the point z if h cannot be extended continuously to U ∪ {z}. We use sets of points with h-rift to investigate spaces of finite rank and SV spaces. We show that the set of points with h-rift is a subset of the set of points of rank greater than 1 and that whether or not a compact space of finite rank is SV depends on a characteristic of the closure of the set of points with h-rift for each such h. If X has finite rank and the set of points with h-rift is an F-space for each h, then X is an SV space. Moreover, if every x ? X has rank at most 2, then X is an SV space if and only if for each h, the set of points with h-rift is an F-space.     

Devaney’s chaos implies distributional chaos in a sequence

Let X be a complete metric space without isolated points, and let f:X→X be a continuous map. In this paper we prove that if f is transitive and has a periodic point of period p, then f is distributionally chaotic in a sequence. Particularly, chaos in the sense of Devaney is stronger than distributional chaos in a sequence.     

Semiconductor Equations for variable Mobilities Based on Boltzmann Statistics or Fermi-Dirac Statistics

The first aim of this paper is to characterize those limit spaces (X, τ) which can be valuated, i.e. for which a set E of valuations exists such that for each x ∈ X, τ(x) equals the set of filters on X which converge to x relative to E. It is shown further that a separated pretopological space is a URYSOHN -space iff it can be valuated by a set of subadditive valuations. In the second part of the paper a completion is constructed for the separated subadditively valuated limit spaces which can be considered as a generalization of the usual completion of a uniform space.     

A characterization of almost resolvable spaces

A space is said to be resolvable if it has two disjoint dense subsets. It is shown thatX is a Baire space with no resolvable open subsets iff every real function defined onX has a dense set of points of continuity. Thus almost resolvable spaces, as defined by Bolstein, are shown to be characterized as the union of a first category set and a closed resolvable set.     

On scatteredly continuous maps between topological spaces

A map f:X→Y between topological spaces is defined to be scatteredly continuous if for each subspace AX the restriction f|A has a point of continuity. We show that for a function f:X→Y from a perfectly paracompact hereditarily Baire Preiss–Simon space X into a regular space Y the scattered continuity of f is equivalent to (i) the weak discontinuity (for each subset AX the set D(f|A) of discontinuity points of f|A is nowhere dense in A), (ii) the piecewise continuity (X can be written as a countable union of closed subsets on which f is continuous), (iii) the G_δ-measurability (the preimage of each open set is of type G_δ). Also under Martin Axiom, we construct a G_δ-measurable map f:X→Y between metrizable separable spaces, which is not piecewise continuous. This answers an old question of V. Vinokurov.     

Pairwise sums in colourings of the reals

Suppose that we have a finite colouring of \(\mathbb R\). What sumset-type structures can we hope to find in some colour class? One of our aims is to show that there is such a colouring for which no uncountable set has all of its pairwise sums monochromatic. We also show that there is such a colouring such that there is no infinite set X with \(X+X\) (the pairwise sums from X, allowing repetition) monochromatic. These results assume CH. In the other direction, we show that if each colour class is measurable, or each colour class is Baire, then there is an infinite set X (and even an uncountable X, of size the reals) with \(X+X\) monochromatic. We also give versions for all of these results for k-wise sums in place of pairwise sums.     

Syndetically proximal pairs

For continuous self-maps of compact metric spaces, we study the syndetically proximal relation, and in particular we identify certain sufficient conditions for the syndetically proximal cell of each point to be small. We show that any interval map f with positive topological entropy has a syndetically scrambled Cantor set, and an uncountable syndetically scrambled set invariant under some power of f. In the process of proving this, we improve a classical result about interval maps and establish that if f is an interval map with positive topological entropy and m?2, then there is n∈N such that the one-sided full shift on m symbols is topologically conjugate to a subsystem of fn² (the classical result gives only semi-conjugacy).     

∑上的非弱几乎周期的回复点集和SS混沌集

该文对单边符号空间上的转移自映射进行了讨论,证明了在非弱几乎周期的回复点集上存在不可数的SS混沌集.     

On the Fourier-Coefficients of Vector-Valued Functions

We study the decay of the Fourier-coefficients of vector-valued functions F : T → X, X a Banach space. Differentiable functions f generally have absolutely summable Fourier-coefficients, f (n) <, iff X is K-convex. More precise statements on the decay of f (n) for regular functions f can be given if X has Fourier-type p. If f belongs to the Besov space, the sequence (||f(n)||) belongs to the Lorentz sequence space l_t,v with 1/t = λ + 1/max (u′, p′). This result is the best possible in the vector-valued case and generalizes the well-known scalar results.     

Direct Reflections

A pointed endofunctor (and in particular a reflector) (R, r) in a category X is direct iff for each morphism f : X Y the pullback of R f against r _Y exists and the unique fill-in morphism u from X to the pullback is such that R u is an isomorphism. (This is close to the concept of a simple reflector introduced by Cassidy, Hébert and Kelly in 1985.) We give sufficient conditions for directness, and for directness to imply reflectivity. We also relate directness to perfect morphisms, and we give several examples and counterexamples in general topology.     

P-chaos implies distributional chaos and chaos in the sense of Devaney with positive topological entropy

Let f be a continuous map from a compact metric space X to itself. The map f is called to be P-chaotic if it has the pseudo-orbit-tracing property and the closure of the set of all periodic points for f is equal to X. We show that every P-chaotic map from a continuum to itself is chaotic in the sense of Devaney and exhibits distributional chaos of type 1 with positive topological entropy.     

Points of joint continuity and large oscillations

For topological spaces X and Y and a metric space Z, we introduce a new class N( X ×Y, Z ) \mathcal{N}\left( {X \times Y,\,Z} \right) of mappings f: X × Y → Z containing all horizontally quasicontinuous mappings continuous with respect to the second variable. It is shown that, for each mapping f from this class and any countable-type set B in Y, the set C _B (f) of all points x from X such that f is jointly continuous at any point of the set {x} × B is residual in X: We also prove that if X is a Baire space, Y is a metrizable compact set, Z is a metric space, and f ? N( X ×Y, Z ) f \in \mathcal{N}\left( {X \times Y,\,Z} \right) , then, for any ε > 0, the projection of the set D ^ε (f) of all points p ∈ X × Y at which the oscillation ω _f (p) ≥ ε onto X is a closed set nowhere dense in X.     

A Banach space in which all compact sets, but not all bounded sets, admit Chebyshev centers

Given a Banach spaceX, letc ₀(X) be the space of all null sequences inX (equipped with the supremum norm). We show that: 1) each compact set inc ₀(X) admits a (Chebyshev) center iff each compact set inX admits a center; 2) forX satisfying a certain condition (Q), each bounded set inc ₀(X) admits a center iffX is quasi uniformly rotund. We construct a Banach spaceX such that the compact subsets ofX admit centers,X satisfies the condition (Q) andX is not quasi uniformly rotund. It follows that the Banach spaceE=c ₀(X) has the property from the title. Eine überarbeitete Fassung ging am 4. 7. 2001 ein     

The length of some diagonalization games

For X a separable metric space and an infinite ordinal, consider the following three games of length : In ONE chooses in inning an –cover of X; TWO responds with a . TWO wins if is an –cover of X; ONE wins otherwise. In ONE chooses in inning a subset of which has the zero function in its closure, and TWO responds with a function . TWO wins if is in the closure of ; otherwise, ONE wins. In ONE chooses in inning a dense subset of , and TWO responds with a . TWO wins if is dense in ; otherwise, ONE wins. After a brief survey we prove: 1. If is minimal such that TWO has a winning strategy in , then is additively indecomposable (Theorem 4) 2. For countable and minimal such that TWO has a winning strategy in on X, the following statements are equivalent (Theorem 9): a) TWO has a winning strategy in on . b) TWO has a winning strategy in on . 3. The Continuum Hypothesis implies that there is an uncountable set X of real numbers such that TWO has a winning strategy in on X (Theorem 10). Received: 14 February 1997