共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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双流体颗粒-壁面碰撞模型用于旋流流动 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对旋流两相流动,用考虑壁面粗糙度的双流体颗粒-壁面碰撞模型,结合二阶矩两相湍流模型和不同颗粒相边界条件,进行了数值模拟。结果表明,由于考虑了各方向雷诺应力之间的相互转化,雷诺应力从平均运动中得到能量,以及壁面对颗粒运动的衰减作用等因素,该颗粒壁面碰撞模型给出的模拟结果与实验符合较好,而广泛应用的零梯度颗粒壁面边界条件给出的模拟结果最差。 相似文献
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针对高温熔渣粒化技术的开发,本文通过可视化实验研究了高炉渣熔融液滴撞击不锈钢壁面的动态行为特性。结果表明:随液滴雷诺数增大,撞击过程液滴形态演变模式依次由铺展-回缩转变为铺展-回缩破碎和铺展-破碎-凝固;增大壁面粗糙度可减弱与壁面换热,抑制液滴铺展;减小壁面粗糙度促进液滴发生破碎;液膜回缩过程普遍出现回卷现象,壁面倾角越大,液膜回卷和液滴滚动现象越显著,且液滴铺展面积越大,在壁面停留时间越长;减小液滴雷诺数、减小壁面粗糙度并采用垂直粒化仓壁面有利于壁面防黏结。 相似文献
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料仓卸料过程中的颗粒脉动会引起料仓振动甚至导致结构失效.为了明晰颗粒脉动特征,本文进行了椭球颗粒在不同半锥角深仓的模拟卸料实验,将料仓圆筒部划分为4个固定区域以研究区域内颗粒的运动信息,分析了料仓圆筒部颗粒系统的运动特征.研究结果表明:整个卸料过程颗粒速度始终处于波动变化中,卸料前期表现为大振幅、周期性的剧烈脉动,卸料后期平均速度的变化则是小振幅无规律的波动;剧烈脉动时段各区域的颗粒层平均受力的变化规律与颗粒速度脉动特征相似,越接近储料顶端颗粒脉动振幅越大,表现出更规律的周期性脉动,相邻颗粒层间的脉动波形相似且周期相同,剧烈脉动过程中顶面颗粒呈周期性的自由落体运动,该时段内顶层颗粒每一次的自由落体运动都会引起该范围内颗粒间接触力消失;料仓半锥角越小时剧烈脉动频率越高、振幅越大且脉动持续时间也越长,卸料速度越稳定,且颗粒速度不会出现带有上升趋势的波动.研究结果可为卸料设备的安全设计提供参考. 相似文献
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Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Channel Flow with 3D Roughness Using a Roughness Element Model 下载免费PDF全文
Large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow with dense and small 3D roughness elements is carried out using a roughness element model Profiles of mean Reynolds stress, mean velocity and rms velocity as well as turbulent structures near the wall are obtained. The shear stress in the rough wall is larger than that in the smooth wall side and the rough wall has a larger influence on the channel flow. Profiles of mean streamwise velocity near the wall have logarithmic velocity distributions for both smooth and roughness walls, while there is a velocity decrease for the rough wall due to larger fractional drag. All the three components of rms velocities in the rough wall region are larger than that in the smooth wall region, and the roughness elements on the wall increase turbulent intensity in all directions. The s~reak spacing and average diameter of near wall quasi-s~reamwise vortices increase with the presence of roughness elements on the wall and it is shown that the rough wall induces complex and strong streamwise vortices. Results of dense and small 3D roughness elements in both turbulent statistics and structure, obtained with a relatively simple method, are found to be comparable to related experiments. 相似文献
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Electrostatic charge generation poses significant problems in some commercial gas–solid fluidized bed reactors such as those in gas-phase polyolefin production. Understanding the contributing factors to charge generation is important in determining the charge generation mechanisms, leading to the development of methods to reduce or prevent this phenomenon. This work focused on determining the effect of fluidization time on particle charging and the amount of particle adhesion on the fluidization column wall in both the bubbling and slugging flow regimes. The charging effect was investigated for particles in three regions of the fluidized bed: elutriated fines, bulk particles inside the bed, and particles adhered to the column wall. The particles size distribution, mass and charge were measured for all three regions. Fluidization was carried out with polyethylene resins from an industrial reactor; times of 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 360 min were evaluated. Increased fluidization time decreased the amount of particles mass collected in the bulk region and increased those adhered to the column wall during the velocities tested in the bubbling flow regime. Whereas the quantity of particles in each region was not affected by fluidization time for the velocities examined in the slugging flow regime. Bipolar charging was observed with relatively smaller particles becoming predominately positively charged and larger particles becoming predominately negatively charged. Each region of the bed affected the magnitude of net q/m, with elutriated fines having the largest magnitude, followed by those adhered to the column wall, and finally those in the bulk of the bed. Charge saturation was attained for fluidization times greater than 60 min for particles in the bulk and along the column wall for all gas velocities. However, extended fluidization times were required with the entrained fines in bubbling flow; whereas charge saturation of fines in slugging flow occurred shortly after the onset of fluidization. Mean particle diameter for each measurement region was not impacted by the fluidization time for any of the gas velocities tested. The bed hydrodynamics was found to definitely have an impact on the particle–wall fouling where the particle layer continued to develop on the inner column wall as fluidization time increased for those velocities in the bubbling regime while comparatively less impact on particle layer growth was observed in the slugging flow regime. In addition, the bubbling flow regime resulted in particle layers formed on the column wall to be longer and thinner whereas those formed in the slugging flow regime were shorter and thicker. 相似文献
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Large-eddy simulations were carried out to study the effects of surface roughness on a plane wall-jet using the Lagrangian dynamic eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model, at Re = 7500 (based on the jet bulk velocity and height). Results over both smooth and rough surfaces were validated by experimental data at the same Reynolds number. As the jet is injected into the still environment, large-scale rollers are generated in the shear layer between the high-momentum fluid of the jet and the surrounding and are convected downstream with the flow. To understand the extent to which the outer-layer structures modify the flow in the inner layer and the extent to which the effect of roughness spreads away from the wall, both instantaneous and mean flow fields were investigated. The results revealed that, for the Reynolds number and roughness height considered in this study, the effect of roughness is mostly confined to the near-wall region of the wall jet. There is no structural difference between the outer layer of the wall jet over the smooth and rough surfaces. Roughness does not affect the size of the outer-layer structures or the scaling of the profiles of Reynolds stresses in the outer layer. However, in the inner layer, roughness redistributes stresses from streamwise to wall-normal and spanwise directions toward isotropy. Contours of joint probability-density function of the streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations at the bottom of the logarithmic region match those of the turbulent boundary layer at the same height; while the traces of the outer-layer structure were detected at the top of the logarithmic region, indicating that they do not affect the flow very close to the wall, but still modify a major portion of the inner layer. This modification must be taken into consideration when the inner layer of a wall jet is compared with the conventional turbulent boundary layer. 相似文献
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A laser anemometer has been used to measure local solid particle velocities and turbulence intensities, mean particle velocity and particle wall velocity for a fully developed gas-solid suspension flowing in a vertical pipe. The technique, which does not disturb the flow and requires no calibration, can be used successfully for internal pipe flow measurements where the solids to air mass loading ratio is below about two. 相似文献
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《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2015,(6)
In the present paper,we present an investigation on the effect of roughness elements onto near-wall kinematics of a zeropressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer.An array of spanwisely-aligned cylindrical roughness elements was attached to the wall surface to regulate the near-wall low-speed streaky structures.With both qualitative visualization and quantitative measurement,we found that the regularization only occurs in the region below the height of the roughness elements.Statistical analysis on the probability distribution of the streak spanwise spacing showed that the mean spanwise streak spacing is dominated by the roughness elements;however,the latter's effect is in competition with the intrinsic streak generation mechanisms of smooth wall turbulence.Below the top of the roughness elements,local streamwise turbulent fluctuation intensity can be reduced by about 10%.We used POD analysis to depict such regularization effect in terms of near-wall structure modulation.We further found that if the spanwise spacing of roughness elements increased to be larger than the mean streak spacing in the smooth wall turbulence,there is no streak-regularization effect in the buffer region,so that the near-wall streamwise turbulent fluctuation intensity doesn't reduce. 相似文献
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A high-resolution particle image velocimetry was used to characterize a low Reynolds number turbulent flow in a channel. Experiments were conducted over a sand grain-coated surface of large relative roughness, and the results were compared with measurements over a smooth surface. The roughness perturbation significantly modified the outer layer. Even though the streamwise Reynolds stress shows less sensitivity in the outer layer to the boundary condition, significant enhancements were observed in the wall-normal Reynolds stress and the Reynolds shear stress. These modifications were considered as footprints of the larger-scale eddies transporting intense wall-normal motions away from the rough wall. A quadrant decomposition shows that strong and more frequent ejections are responsible for the larger values of the mean Reynolds shear stress over the rough wall. The results also indicate that spanwise vortex cores with mean vorticity of the same sign as the mean shear are the dominant smaller-scale vortical structures over the smooth and rough walls. A linear stochastic estimation-based analysis shows that the average larger-scale structure associated with these vortices is a shear layer that strongly connects the outer layer flow to the near-wall flow. A proper orthogonal decomposition of the flow suggests that the large-scale eddy is more energetic for the rough wall, and contributes more significantly to the resolved turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds shear stress than the smooth wall. 相似文献
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Recycling inflow method for simulations of spatially evolving turbulent boundary layers over rough surfaces 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The technique by Lund et al. to generate turbulent inflow for simulations of developing boundary layers over smooth flat plates is extended to the case of surfaces with roughness elements. In the Lund et al. method, turbulent velocities on a sampling plane are rescaled and recycled back to the inlet as inflow boundary condition. To rescale mean and fluctuating velocities, appropriate length scales need be identified and for smooth surfaces, the viscous scale lν = ν/uτ (where ν is the kinematic viscosity and uτ is the friction velocity) is employed for the inner layer. Different from smooth surfaces, in rough wall boundary layers the length scale of the inner layer, i.e. the roughness sub-layer scale ld, must be determined by the geometric details of the surface roughness elements and the flow around them. In the proposed approach, it is determined by diagnosing dispersive stresses that quantify the spatial inhomogeneity caused by the roughness elements in the flow. The scale ld is used for rescaling in the inner layer, and the boundary layer thickness δ is used in the outer region. Both parts are then combined for recycling using a blending function. Unlike the blending function proposed by Lund et al. which transitions from the inner layer to the outer layer at approximately 0.2δ, here the location of blending is shifted upwards to enable simulations of very rough surfaces in which the roughness length may exceed the height of 0.2δ assumed in the traditional method. The extended rescaling–recycling method is tested in large eddy simulation of flow over surfaces with various types of roughness element shapes. 相似文献
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The moving behaviour of two- and three-particles in a pressure-driven flow is studied by the lattice Boltzmann simulation in two dimensions. The time-dependent values, including particles' radial positions, translational velocities, angular velocities, and the x-directional distance between the particles are analysed extensively. The effect of flow Reynolds number on particle motion is also investigated numerically. The simulation results show that the leading particle equilibrium position is closer to the channel centre while the trailing particle equilibrium position is closer to the channel wall. If Reynolds number Re is less than 85.30, the larger flow Reynolds number results in the smaller x-directional equilibrium distance, otherwise the x-directional distance increases almost linearly with the increase of time and the particles separate finally. The simulation results are helpful to understand the particle-particle interaction in suspensions with swarms of particles. 相似文献
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用格子Boltzmann模型模拟可压缩完全气体流动 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种新的格子Boltzmann模型模拟超音速流动。在这种模型中,粒子的速度不受限制,可以取得很广。而平衡分布函数的支集却相对集中,使模型得以简化。粒子速度的这种自适应特性允许流体以较高的马赫数流动。通过引入粒子的势能使得该模型适用于具有任意比热比的完全气体。利用Chapman-Enskog方法,从BGK型Boltzmann方程推导出Navier-Stokes方程。在六边形网格上模拟了马赫数为3的前台阶绕流,得到了合理的结果。 相似文献