基于焦斑空间频率全域优化的偏振匀滑设计

偏振匀滑是利用光束偏振特性降低焦斑对比度的一种技术,它最大可降低焦斑对比度为原来的1/√2. 焦斑的频谱分析显示,传统楔形晶体的偏振匀滑对焦斑对比度的改善只集中在某些特定的空间频率,本文因此提出了一种可全域降低焦斑空间频率的偏振匀滑方法,它采用单轴晶体对入射光的角度不同而产生的相移不同的方法,实现激光两种正交偏振态在靶点的分离. 理论分析和数值模拟表明,新方法可以实现焦斑空间频率中高频段的全频域降低,焦斑对比度也可同时达到1/√2的最大程度的改善. 分析了连续相位板作为新方法引入激光入射角分布不同的条件,确定了刻蚀连续相位板面形的晶体同时实现焦斑整形和偏振匀滑的边界条件. 关键词： 偏振匀滑 焦斑功率谱 响应函数 焦斑整形     

会聚光束中偏振匀滑的远场特性分析

靶点激光焦斑的偏振匀滑是激光聚变驱动器的关键技术。建立数学模型,对会聚光束中的偏振匀滑进行理论分析。指出该技术在光束远场纵向的匀滑效果,推导激光远场横向分离量和纵向分离量分别与偏振匀滑晶体厚度和倾斜角度的关系。通过数值模拟,给出了激光远场焦斑形态参数与晶体参数之间的关系曲线。结果表明,当晶体厚度和偏转角度取特定范围时,焦斑可以得到最佳的匀滑效果。     

基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑新方案

针对惯性约束聚变装置中提高靶面辐照均匀性的要求, 提出了一种基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案, 其基本原理是利用光克尔介质和周期性高斯脉冲光束相互作用实现对激光束透射波前附加周期性的球面位相调制, 以周期性地改变激光束远场焦斑尺寸, 进而引起远场焦斑内部散斑的快速径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内抹平靶面焦斑的强度调制, 实现径向方向的光束匀滑. 通过建立基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑的理论模型, 分析了焦斑形态及其径向匀滑特性, 并讨论了光克尔介质的选取和径向扫动特性. 结果表明, 基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案可以有效地实现远场焦斑内部散斑的周期性径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内快速改善靶面辐照均匀性.     

径向偏振部分相干螺旋贝塞尔光束的模拟研究

基于交叉谱密度函数以及相干偏振统一理论,导出径向偏振部分相干螺旋贝塞尔光束的光场表达式,研究了该光束的传输特性.通过理论分析和数值计算可知,径向偏振部分相干螺旋贝塞尔光束在自由空间传输时,光束以固定的螺旋半径进行螺旋传输.且在传输过程中,光束逐渐由螺旋空心光束演变为螺旋高斯光束,这一过程所需的传输距离与相干长度有关.该光束的偏振角和偏振度都会受到螺旋半径和传输距离的影响,同时,相干长度的变化也会影响偏振度的分布.而相干长度,传输距离和螺旋半径的改变并不会影响光束的偏振椭圆率的分布.     

部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的偏振特性和角相关研究

为了研究部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的衍射特性.利用部分偏振部分相干光的光束相干-偏振(BCP)矩阵,推导出了部分偏振部分相干光通过任意偏振光栅后,衍射场的偏振度及场中衍射级次角相关的一般解析表达式.以部分偏振的高斯-谢尔模型光束(PGSM)为例,数值分析了偏振光栅TE和TM波的复振幅透过率、入射光束的光学参量对衍射场偏振度和场中各衍射级次的角相关的影响.计算结果表明,部分相干光透过偏振光栅后的其衍射光场是一非均匀、周期变化的部分偏振相干光场;场中对称级次的角相干值对应相等,且随衍射级次序数的增大而缓慢递减至零.     

光束运动特性对焦斑束匀滑效果的影响

提出了光束运动的概念和物理模型,针对光谱色散匀滑技术方案,以正弦位相调制脉冲和线性啁啾脉冲为例,理论分析了啁啾宽带光束的横向"运动"特性及其对焦斑匀滑效果的影响,详细讨论了运动速度大小、运动周期以及运动方式等对焦斑束匀滑特性的影响,得到在相同带宽下线性啁啾脉冲的匀滑效果要优于正弦位相调制脉冲匀滑效果的结论.     

基于涡旋光束的超快速角向集束匀滑方案

针对惯性约束聚变装置对激光集束辐照均匀性的需求,提出了一种基于涡旋光束的超快速角向匀滑方案,即利用螺旋相位板使2×2集束中的两子束由超高斯光束变换为涡旋光束,而其余两子束不变,进而通过对子束偏振态和中心波长的调控,使集束中的涡旋光束和超高斯光束在靶面两两相干叠加.相干叠加后的焦斑以皮秒量级为周期超快速旋转,从而在极短时间内快速抹平焦斑强度调制,改善靶面辐照均匀性.通过建立基于螺旋相位板的激光超快速角向集束匀滑方案的物理模型,分析了其角向匀滑特性,并与光谱角色散技术和径向匀滑技术进行了比较分析.结果表明,这一新型激光集束匀滑方案能实现对焦斑的超快速角向匀滑,且能在数皮秒时间内达到最佳辐照均匀性.     

宽频带径向偏振光束的产生及传输特性

从理论和实验两方面研究宽频带径向偏振光束的产生及其传输特性。分析光束时间相干性和空间相干性对径向偏振光束的产生和传输的影响。数值模拟了宽频带径向偏振光束的传播。实验上,通过径向偏振转换器,得到径向偏振光束。通过调整入射光束的传输距离来改变光束空间相干性,研究了不同空间相干度下宽频带径向偏振的传输特性。同时还考察了光束偏振度的变化,给出了偏振度发生变化的条件,理论和实验符合较好。     

部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性

根据光束的相干-偏振矩阵和传输理论,对部分相干平顶光束经正多边形光阑衍射的偏振特性进行了系统的研究.给出了部分相干平顶光束偏振度传输公式,并将高斯-谢尔模型光束以及部分相干平顶光束在自由空间传输的偏振度作为特例统一于一般表达式中.研究表明：部分相干平顶光束经光阑衍射的偏振特性与光阑截断参数、光束的空间相干性、衍射角、传输距离、平顶光束的阶数有关. 关键词： 部分相干平顶光束 偏振特性 相干-偏振矩阵 正多边形光阑 光阑衍射     

偏振方向对涡旋光束产生的影响

在利用液晶空间光调制器(LCSLM)产生涡旋光束时,入射光的偏振方向对涡旋的产生有着明显的影响。从液晶空间光调制器的工作原理出发,研究了不同偏振方向的线偏振光在通过LCSLM的相位调制后,涡旋光束产生的变化。通过模拟仿真与实验结果的比较,发现随着线偏振光的偏振方向与液晶分子光轴夹角的增大,液晶空间光调制器的调制误差变大,所产生的涡旋光束的质量变差。当夹角大于4.725°时,涡旋光束的质量明显变差。而随着夹角继续增大,LCSLM对入射光的调制作用减弱,无法产生涡旋光束。     

Fast switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder

A fast and switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder (EO-RPR) fabricated using the electro-optic ceramic Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) is presented. This EO-RPR is useful for fast and switchable generation of a pure cylindrical vector beam. When used together with a pair of half-wave plates, the EO-RPR can change circularly polarized light into any cylindrical vector beam of interest, such as radially or azimuthally polarized light. Radially and azimuthally polarized light with purities greater than 95% are generated experimentally. The advantages of using EO-RPR include fast response time, low driving voltage, and transparency in a wide spectral range (500 to 7,000 nm).     

Simultaneous generation of helical beams with linear and radial polarization by use of a segmented half-wave plate

Simultaneous generation of helical beams with linear and radial polarization is demonstrated by use of a segmented half-wave plate in a Ti:sapphire laser cavity. A linearly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beam is converted to a radially polarized beam with a spiral phase shift and vice versa. In addition, these two beams coexist in the cavity, and the cavity emits one of these two beams from an output coupler.     

Generation of an axially super-resolved quasi-spherical focal spot using an amplitude-modulated radially polarized beam

An axially super-resolved quasi-spherical focal spot can be generated by focusing an amplitude-modulated radially polarized beam through a high numerical aperture objective. A method based on the unique depolarization properties of a circular focus is proposed to design the amplitude modulation. The generated focal spot shows a ratio of x:y:z=1:1:1.48 for the normalized FWHM in three dimensions, compared to that of x:y:z=1:0.74:1.72 under linear polarization (in the x direction) illumination. Moreover, the focusable light efficiency of the designed amplitude-modulated beam is 65%, which is more than 3 times higher than the optimized case under linear polarization and thus make the amplitude-modulated radial polarization beam more suitable for a wide range of applications.     

Effect of polarization on focal depth in high numerical apertures optical systems

The generalized cylindrical vector beam is just a linear combination of radial and azimuthal polarization. For radially polarized light in the focal plane, there are two electric field components, the radial component and z-component whose magnitude increase with the increase of numerical aperture. By contrast, for azimuthally polarized light in the focal plane, there is only one electrical field component in the azimuthal polarization, it is easy to understand the difference between the two polarization effects. In this paper, we demonstrate how this phenomenon can be harnessed to make a properly selected polarization component to achieve high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems. Numerical simulations show that the evolution of the focal shape is very considerable by changing polarization rotation angle of the generalized cylindrical vector beam. And some interesting focal spots and focal split may occur. And if the ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is set properly by changing the polarization rotation angle, a largest focal depth is achieved. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. The ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is different in different NA optical system for obtaining the largest focal depth. We will denote a technique of polarization-assisted high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems.     

Characterizing polarization properties of radially polarized beams

In the present work two methods of characterizing polarization properties of well-known radially polarized beams are discussed in both theoretical aspect and experimental aspect. A rotating linear polarizer used behind the beam is known to be used to qualitatively characterize the polarization properties of a radially polarized beam. In this paper for the first time we give the mathematic model of this characterization process. The proposed model helps to analyze the known experimental results. On the other hand two global parameters have been previously proved to be used to characterize the linear or circular polarization content of the radially polarized beams. In this paper for the first time we propose the theoretical model of determining the two parameters in experiments. Some experimental results on characterizing the polarization properties of the real radially polarized beam produced by using different approaches are shown.     

Generation of azimuthally and radially polarized beams by coherent polarization beam combination

A new architecture for generating pure azimuthally and radially polarized beams is presented. It involves coherent polarization beam combination of two orthogonally polarized LP(11) fiber modes. Experimental results reveal that high purely polarized (polarization purity of 95% or better) azimuthal and radial beams can be generated.     

Tight Focusing Properties of Radially Polarized Gaussian Beams with Pair of Vortices

The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory.The results show that the optical intensity in the focal region can be altered considerably by changing the location of the vortices nested in a radially polarized Gaussian beam.It is noted that focal evolution from one annular focal pattern to a highly confined focal spot in the transverse direction is observed corresponding to the change in the location of the optical vortices in the input plane.It is also observed that the generated focal hole or spot lead to a focal shift along the optical axis remarkably under proper radial phase modulation.Hence the proposed system may be applied to construct tunable optical traps for both high and low refractive index particles.     

大数值孔径光子筛偏振特性研究

根据角谱理论建立不同偏振照明条件下的光子筛矢量衍射模型。在此基础上,对入射光分别为线偏振光、径向偏振光、切向偏振光三种特殊偏振状态下的光子筛聚焦光强分布进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明,对于大数值孔径光子筛,入射光的偏振特性将对光子筛聚焦光强分布产生巨大影响。线偏振光将使聚焦光斑沿偏振方向拉伸,切向偏振光产生的聚焦光斑具有"中空"结构,而径向偏振光所产生的聚焦光斑呈较为规则的圆形,且其焦深优于线偏照明情况。在激光直写及高分辨成像等光子筛典型应用中采用径向偏振照明将进一步提高系统分辨力。     

基于互补型偏振控制板的多光束叠加特性研究

为满足惯性约束聚变对靶面光场辐照特性的要求,提出利用互补型偏振控制板改变光束内部偏振态,实现多光束消偏振叠加,进而改善聚焦光场均匀性的方案.建立了光束通过互补型偏振控制板进行变换的物理模型,理论分析了互补型偏振控制板影响聚焦光斑偏振特性的原因,比较了互补型偏振控制板与非互补型偏振控制板对聚焦光斑偏振特性及均匀性的影响,并进一步讨论了偏振控制板单元数的选取问题.结果表明:多光束通过互补型偏振控制板后,聚焦光场不再是单一偏振光,而是各类部分偏振光的随机混合;与其他类型双块偏振控制板相比,互补型偏振控制板能实现聚焦光斑的消偏振叠加且效果最佳,使光斑偏振度下降至0.2以下,并能有效地改善光斑的强度均匀性.采用互补型偏振控制板时,单元数对聚焦光斑偏振特性影响不大,但对强度均匀性则存在一定程度的影响,因而在实际工作中应根据应用需求合理选取单元数.     

Bessel beams: Effects of polarization

An approximation to a Bessel beam produced by tightly focusing linearly polarized light is known to produce a smaller central lobe than focusing plane polarized light. This is because the plane polarized wave gives a broad central lobe caused mainly by a parasitic longitudinal field component. It is known that this problem can be overcome by focusing radially polarized light. Here we demonstrate that other polarization distributions based on a linear combination of transverse electric (TE1) and transverse magnetic (TM1) fields can give a beam even narrower than for the radially polarized case. Special cases of this combination are identified, corresponding to the smallest width (TE1), and the maximum peak intensity compared with the side lobes (electric dipole polarization). Axially-symmetric forms can be generated by illumination with elliptically polarized light. A particular case is azimuthal polarization with a phase singularity, which is equivalent to TE1. For a semi-angular aperture of 60°, the TE1 case gives a central lobe width 9% narrower than for radially polarized illumination, while for plane polarized illumination it is 12% wider than the radially polarized case.