光学加工过程中高次非球面的三坐标测量数据处理

三坐标轮廓检测是大口径高次非球面确定性加工过程中的主要面形测量手段。由于原始三坐标数据包含较大的检测误差,无法直接应用于加工过程,本文提出了一组数据处理算法对误差进行全面去除。首先,对获取的检测数据采用基于球心曲面重建的测头半径补偿算法进行测头半径误差补偿,然后对补偿后数据进行坐标系旋转平移误差去除,最后对提取的检测面形残差进行基于KNN的残差噪点过滤。其中,提出的基于球心曲面重建的测头半径补偿算法通过引入一个高精度的测头球心包络面拟合模型,来计算各检测点的测头半径补偿向量,仿真实验证明:算法补偿精度达到RMS<4 nm;提出的基于KNN的残差噪点过滤算法,通过采用插值方法提高样本空间密度和优化噪声度量值的计算,提高了噪点的识别敏感度并实现了噪点的自动化去除。最终根据整个误差清理算法构建了检测点云处理软件,应用实践表明其有效提高了镜面加工过程中检测点云的数据处理精度和效率。     

Scanning-Position Error-Correction Algorithm in Dual-Wavelength Ptychographic Microscopy

We propose a new algorithm for the error correction of scanning positions in ptychographic microscopy. Since the scanning positions are varied mechanically by moving the illuminating probes laterally, the scanning errors will accumulate at multiple positions, greatly reducing the reconstruction quality of a sample. To correct the scanning errors, we use the correlation analysis for the diffractive data combining with the additional constraint of dual wavelengths. This significantly improves the quality of ptychographic microscopy. Optical experiments verify the proposed algorithm for two samples including a resolution target and a fibroblast.     

基于双目视觉的车身焊点定位误差补偿研究

在应用机器人对车身点焊质量检测过程中,其焊点的定位精度受到点焊作业质量以及车身制造误差等因素的影响,导致实际焊点与设计值并不重合.针对传统示教无法对焊点定位进行实时补偿的问题,提出基于双目视觉引导机器人的焊点定位策略,并构建基于改进粒子群算法优化的支持向量机回归误差补偿模型,对定位结果进行补偿.在机器人末端安装双目传感...     

一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法

当合成孔径声呐测绘带较大时,运动误差的空变效应严重,经典的相位中心重叠算法难以适用。为此,提出了一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法。首先使用混合调制的拉格朗日时延估计算法对前后两帧回波的时延进行估计,之后使用线性回归方法拟合出运动误差,最后利用运动误差的估计值对回波进行逐点精确补偿。仿真数据的结果表明,该算法能够获得比相位中心重叠算法更好的运动估计结果,运动补偿后成像分辨率接近理论分辨率。使用该算法分别对高、低频合成孔径声呐的湖试数据进行了处理,水下地貌和小目标的成像质量均有明显提高。      

An error detection and recovery algorithm for the transmission of digital holography over noisy channels

Digitalization enables and expertise storage and transmission of holographic data. However, the reconstructed object image is vulnerable to transmission errors over the noisy channel. We present a novel algorithm of what we believe is the first approach to reduction of noise effects on digital holograms corrupted by transmission errors. To accomplish this work, we exploit new interdependencies on the interference holograms and develop a detection-based algorithm to detect error points and to identify the corresponding interference holograms with the largest errors. In the reconstruction process, the conventional four-step algorithm is used for the recovery of error-free points. In contrast, a three-step algorithm is employed to reconstruct error points by removing the largest error holograms. With accurate detection, the proposed algorithm is capable of recovering the object image from digital holograms with severe transmission errors. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides much better reconstruction performances than the conventional four-step reconstruction algorithm in an error-prone environment.     

激光推进应用中的波前重构仿真研究

分析了Hartmann传感器应用于激光推进中波前畸变测量的可行性,介绍了模式法波前重构原理。利用MATLAB7.0对小孔板进行了仿真。并根据几何光线追迹原理,对设定的畸变波前进行了重构。同时比较了选用不同Zernike模式数的波前重构结果以及选用不同采样率小孔板的波前重构结果。仿真结果表明:Hartmann传感器对推进应用中大口径光斑的波阵面测量是可行的。     

Research on application of polynomial fitting technique in rotary kiln infrared temperature measurement system

Aiming at the linear temperature compensation algorithm’s disadvantage of temperature measurement error in rotary kiln infrared scanning temperature measurement process, this paper proposes a precise nonlinear cubic polynomial fitting temperature compensation algorithm. The proposed algorithm compensates the temperature values of scanning points on rotary kiln surface by following steps: Calculating temperature difference between the real temperature value of rotary kiln and temperature value measured by infrared scanning temperature measurement system; Fitting the temperature difference data with cubic polynomial; Using the obtained function to compensate temperature. Experimental result shows that compared with the usual linear temperature compensation algorithm, the accuracy of proposed algorithm has raised about 2.25 times when cubic polynomial is used.     

基于多波长激光吸收光谱技术的气体浓度与温度二维分布遗传模拟退火重建研究

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术实现气体浓度温度二维分布重建.设计了气体浓度温度二维分布重建测量系统,采用四路波分复用技术以减少投影光路布置数量和增加气体吸收测量信息.针对于图像重建过程中建立的非线性投影方程组,将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合进行求解,在实现全局最优搜索基础上提高算法搜索效率.建立燃烧环境下H2O浓度温度二维分布模型,借助于近红外波段1.3—1.5μm范围内4条H2O气体吸收谱线,利用数值模拟计算方法进行了气体分布重建,重建结果与模型符合得很好.通过在投影数据中添加不同比例的随机误差,考察其对气体分布重建结果的影响.研究表明,气体浓度分布重建结果对于投影误差不敏感,而增加投影误差幅值将导致温度分布重建均方误差增大。     

基于广义窗函数和最小二乘支持向量机的混沌背景下微弱信号检测

为了从混沌背景中检测微弱信号,研究分析了复杂非线性系统的相空间重构理论,提出了一种基于广义窗函数的最小二乘支持向量机的预测法. 该方法以广义嵌入窗为基础,利用自关联函数法确定Lorenz系统的嵌入维数和时间延迟, 实现相空间重构,结合最小二乘支持向量机建立Lorenz系统的误差预测模型, 检测微弱目标信号(瞬态和周期信号).仿真实验表明,该方法的预测模型具有较小的误差, 能够有效地从混沌背景噪声中检测出微弱目标信号,减小噪声对目标信号的影响. 与传统方法相比,在降低检测门限的同时,能够有效地提高预测的精度, 在混沌噪声下信噪比为-87.41 dB的情况下,相对于传统支持向量机方法所得的均方根误差0.049(-54.60 dB时)降低近两个数量级至0.000036123(-87.41 dB时).     

A scanning distortion correction method based on Ⅹ–Y galvanometer Lidar system

Aiming at the problem of scanning distortion in X-Y galvanometer light detecting and ranging(Lidar) scanning system,we propose a method of image scanning distortion correction with controllable driving voltage compensation.Firstly,the geometrical optics vectors model is established to explain the principle of pincushion distortion in the galvanometer scanning system,and the simulation result of scanning trajectory is consistent with experiments.The linear relationship between the driving voltage and the scanning angle of the galvanometer is verified.Secondly,the relationship between the deflection angle of the galvanometer and the scanning trajectory and the driving voltage is deduced respectively,and an image scanning correction algorithm with controllable driving voltage compensation is obtained.The simulation experiment results of the proposed method show that the root-mean-square error(RMSE) and the corresponding curve between the scan value and the actual value at different distances,have a good correction effect for the pincushion distortion.Finally,the X-Y galvanometer scanning Lidar system is established to obtain undistorted two-dimensional scanned image and it can be applied to the three-dimensional Lidar scanning system in the actual experiments,which further demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of our method.     

大气环境下基于目标照明回光的视轴误差校正实验研究

理论分析了激光瞄准系统中视轴误差与目标照明回光的关系. 介绍了同时具备激光束发射与瞄准偏差校正功能的自适应光学器件––自适应光纤准直器的原理. 搭建了光束经200 m水平大气传输的激光瞄准实验平台. 基于二维目标和三维目标的照明回光, 利用随机并行梯度下降算法分别实现了不同初始视轴误差下的瞄准闭环校正. 实验结果表明, 闭环后二维目标和三维目标的视轴校正残差评价参数分别小于6%和10.8%, 校正精度均在理论范围内. 最后, 分析了算法参数对动目标瞄准的影响.     

双侧回波联合的合成孔径声呐运动补偿算法

利用单侧回波可估计合成孔径声呐基阵的斜距误差,但无法区分横荡误差和升沉误差。针对此问题,提出了一种双侧回波联合的运动补偿方法。该方法首先根据双侧基阵运动误差的几何关系,建立了双侧基阵的运动误差模型,再结合偏移相位中心算法估计基阵的横荡误差和升沉误差,最后利用所估计的运动误差对不同掠射角上的回波进行运动补偿。仿真结果表明:该方法能精确估计双侧基阵的运动误差,其估计值与实际值的偏差为10-4 m左右,估计结果的标准差接近克拉美罗下界;对回波进行运动补偿后,能获得比基于单侧回波运动补偿方法更好的成像效果。水下球串目标的湖试数据的成像结果显示,与基于单侧回波的运动补偿方法相比,所提方法能更好地抑制图像的散焦现象。      

分段匹配追踪式Karhunen-Loeve非相干字典语音压缩感知

压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)理论突破了经典采样定理的理论边界,为信号压缩提供了另一种途径。基于CS理论框架,做了两方面工作:为提高语音字典对信号的匹配性,设计了一种基于K-L展开的非相干语音字典;针对现有匹配追踪(MP,OMP)算法的不足,提出分段匹配追踪(Segment MP,SegMP)算法。首先对语音自相关函数进行建模并估计模型参数,构造语音自适应非相干字典,然后采用SegMP对语音稀疏向量分段观测,获得多个低维矢量,最后结合模型参数重建字典并重构信号,实现了语音压缩感知。语音测试结果表明:相比现有方案,本文方案对信号的稀疏表示更为精准,具有更好的重构质量,且降低了计算复杂度。      

三维重建的格雷码-相移光编码技术研究

提出一种基于格雷码-相移的组合光编码技术, 以格雷码技术自身的误差不累加性优点保证了光编解码的稳健性, 针对格雷码对视场解析的有限性缺陷, 提出将格雷码部分作为编码的整数部分, 综合使用相移编码作为小数部分, 实现了视场空间的无级细分, 提高了编码的分辨率, 对编码技术中常见的两种错误, 使用提出的编码校正算法有效的减少了编码错误及重建误差的产生。试验结果表明这种光信号编码方法在三维测量中的有很高的稳健性。     

基于高速移动通信的虚拟天线阵列理论研究

在高速移动通信中, 多普勒频移对通信性能产生严重的影响, 通常需要对接收信号的多普勒频移进行估计并进行补偿. 本文研究在对单个天线接收的高速移动通信信号进行频移估计和补偿的基础上产生多路无频偏的信号, 并虚拟为天线阵列的输出以提高系统的接收增益. 首先讨论了“均匀时间采样”和“均匀相位采样”的关系, 并根据两者之间的关系提出了补偿多普勒频移和虚拟天线阵列的算法, 即对采样信号进行插值、均匀相位抽取以后, 再进行均匀时间采样. 然后分析了算法对高速移动通信系统性能的改善作用, 并提出了算法的硬件实现结构. 通过数值仿真验证了算法的干扰抑制能力和误码性能, 结果表明本文提出的虚拟天线阵列算法能够改善飞机、高铁上的高速移动通信系统的性能.     

脉冲压缩与互相关联合的合成孔径声呐回波时延补偿

针对合成孔径声呐中阵元相位不一致导致互相关时延补偿算法对成像质量提升效果有限的问题,提出了一种脉冲压缩与互相关联合的回波时延补偿算法.该算法利用脉冲压缩回波的互相关对原始回波相位畸变进行校正,实现粗补偿;联合脉冲压缩与偏移相位中心算法实现精细时延补偿,对不同合成孔径位置各阵元回波时延差实现了较为准确的估计,增强了成像效果。试验数据经该算法处理后,回波时延得到较为精确的补偿,地貌成像结果的亮度、对比度等统计特性得到不同程度的提高,且纹理细节增多;典型线缆目标的成像聚焦加深,成像长度误差约由5%减小为0.8%。试验结果显示,该算法对互相关时延补偿方法改进效果明显,验证了算法的可行性、有效性。      

Nonlinear chirp compensation by scan filtering in SAIL

The nonlinear chirp of a tunable laser generates the phase errors and damages the range resolution in synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL). In the compensation algorithms establishing matched and nonmatched reference paths, the phase errors were compensated in a whole echo pulse. In this paper a compensation algorithm of nonlinear chirp by scan filtering is proposed.The heterodyne signals of different echoes from all target points in a footprint are scan filtered from one whole heterodyne signal of one whole echo pulse in the spectrum. The phase errors of these heterodyne signals are measured by phase-shifting algorithm in reference path and compensated separately. Then all the compensated signals are combined back into a whole heterodyne pulse and compressed in range. After all heterodyne pulses are compressed in range, the azimuth compensation is followed.The mathematical flow of this compensation algorithm is established. The simulation of the airborne SAIL model validates the feasibility, and the bandwidth of range compression decreases obviously. The effects of nonlinear chirp and the pass bandwidth of the scan filter are analyzed and discussed finally.     

语音信号序列的Volterra预测模型

对给定的英语音素、单词和语句进行了采集并完成预处理. 分别应用互信息法和Cao 氏法确定了实际采集的语音信号序列的延迟时间和嵌入维数, 以完成语音序列的相空间重构. 通过计算实际采集的语音信号序列的最大Lyapunov指数, 完成了语音信号的混沌特性识别, 判定其具有混沌特性. 引入Volterra级数, 提出了一种具有显式结构的语音信号非线性预测模型. 为克服最小均方误差算法在Volterra模型系数更新时固有的缺点, 在最小二乘法基础上, 应用基于后验误差假设的可变收敛因子技术, 构建了一种基于Davidon-Fletcher-Powell算法的二阶Volterra 模型(DFPSOVF), 并将其应用于具有混沌特性的语音信号序列预测. 仿真结果表明: DFPSOVF非线性预测模型对于单帧和多帧语音信号均具有更好的预测精度, 优于线性预测模型, 并且能够很好地反映语音序列变化的趋势和规律, 完全可以满足语音预测的要求; 可以根据语音信号序列的嵌入维数选取预测模型的记忆长度. 所提出模型可以为语音信号重构和压缩编码开辟一条新途径, 以改善语音信号处理方法的复杂度和处理效果.     

A novel laser straightness measurement method with beam bend compensation

In this paper, a novel method to measure straightness errors with beam bend compensation based on Finite Element thermal analysis is proposed. According to the Edlen formula, the main factor that causes beam bend is thermal gradation in the air. Finite Element thermal analysis is applied to the thermal field around the beam. It is evident from the experimental results that high precision straightness errors in horizontal and vertical directions can be obtained after compensation. Hence, the feasibility of straightness errors measuring system with compensation for beam bend measurement is proved.     

一种混沌海杂波背景下的微弱信号检测方法

基于复杂非线性系统的相空间重构理论,提出了一种基于遗传算法的支持向量机预测方法.利用改进的自相关法和饱和关联维数法确定混沌信号的时间延迟和嵌入维,从而实现相空间重构.通过遗传算法优化支持向量机中的惩罚系数和核函数参数,并结合支持向量机建立混沌序列的单步预测模型,从预测误差中检测出淹没在混沌背景中的微弱信号(包括瞬态信号和周期信号).以Lorenz系统和加拿大McMaster大学利用IPIX雷达实测得到的海杂波数据作为混沌背景噪声进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能够有效地从混沌背景噪声中检测出微弱目标信号,所得的均方根误差为0.00049521(信噪比为-89.7704 dB),这比传统支持向量机方法的均方根误差(0.049,信噪比为-54.60 dB)降低了两个数量级.