成型方法对纳米二氧化硅陶瓷烧结行为及微观结构的影响

以二氧化硅纳米粉为原料通过流延成型和模压成型两种不同成型方法制备纳米二氧化硅陶瓷,用X射线衍射仪对原料粉和陶瓷进行物相分析,用场发射扫描电子显微镜分析陶瓷微观形貌.结果表明,用流延成型坯体颗粒在1050℃时出现熔融现象并且开始形成晶格不完整的α-方石英相;而模压成型坯体颗粒在950℃时出现非常明显的熔融现象,并晶化生成晶格完整的α-方石英相,说明纳米氧化硅的烧结温度不仅远低于传统烧结温度,而且其晶化反应直接生成α-方石英结构,不会出现α-石英和鳞石英.同时用微晶学说解释了纳米氧化硅烧结过程的相变.     

注凝成型制备氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷

采用低毒单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)制备了氧化锆增韧氧化铝(ZrO2/Al2O3,ZTA)陶瓷,氧化铝与氧化锆的质量比为3∶1,浆料的固相体积分数为50 vol%。讨论了不同干燥方式对干燥速率以及坯体性能的影响,研究了不同成型温度对坯体性能的影响。通过研究发现,在湿热烘箱中干燥的坯体强度最高,成型温度应控制在65℃附近。通过对不同单体含量的坯体烧结后陶瓷性能的对比,发现单体的加入量为10wt%左右较好,通过与干压成型陶瓷性能的对比,发现注凝成型得到的陶瓷强度和韧性分别提高了42.2%和23.5%,达到640 MPa和6.3MPa.m1/2,通过扫描电镜图片分析发现,注凝成型制得的陶瓷结构更均匀。     

液相浸渗法制备复杂形状蓝色氧化锆陶瓷

选用含有蓝色着色离子(Co2+和Al3+)的溶液对水萃取脱脂后具有孔隙结构的注射成型陶瓷素坯进行浸渗,然后经高温烧结制备出结构完好的蓝色氧化锆陶瓷.实验表明,当浸渗温度为25℃时浸渗速率非常缓慢,随着浸渗温度的升高浸渗速率也随之加快,但到60℃时,坯体因浸渗速率过快会导致坯体肿胀、开裂等缺陷,所以最适宜的浸渗温度为40℃.不同烧结温度制备的蓝色氧化锆陶瓷样品的XRD图谱分析以及扫描电子显微镜观察表明,在1450℃时烧结出的蓝色氧化锆样品结构致密、颜色均匀.与常规的机械混合法比较,液相浸渗法制备出的样品中着色相均匀分布,而机械混合法制备出陶瓷样品中的着色相分布出现明显的分界.     

注射成型制备氧化铝陶瓷

采用多组分粘结剂,通过注射成型制备Al2O3陶瓷.讨论了粘结剂中石蜡含量、固含量对喂料粘度及坯体性能的影响.研究了烧结温度对坯体性能及显微结构的影响.结果表明,石蜡含量为粘结剂的40wt;,喂料固含量为52vol;时,喂料粘度合适,坯体性能最好,内部显微结构均匀,抗弯强度为25 MPa,完全满足机械加工的强度要求.1560～1640℃,随着烧结温度的提高,烧结致密性提高.1600℃时,Al2O3抗弯强度最高达(422±40) MPa,致密性较好,晶粒发育较为理想,为最佳烧结温度.     

聚乙二醇用于注凝成型ZrO2坯体干燥研究

研究了注凝成型ZrO2坯体在聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液中的干燥过程,结果证明,随着PEG溶液浓度的增加,坯体脱水速度加快,平衡时残余水分降低;坯体固相含量越低,在PEG溶液中的脱水速度越快,干燥时间越短;随坯体尺寸增加,脱永速度降低,平衡时残余水分增高;注凝成型ZrO2坯体先在PEG溶液中脱水至平衡状态,再放置到空气中干燥,可以避免变形、开裂等缺陷的产生.     

凝胶注模成型Al2O3陶瓷的显微结构及力学性能研究

以Al2O3粉为原料,TiO2+MgO为烧结助剂,琼脂糖为单体,聚丙烯酸铵为分散剂,利用凝胶注模及无压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3陶瓷.研究了琼脂糖固化机制、烧结助剂作用机理以及琼脂糖含量对Al2O3陶瓷坯体及烧结体的显微结构及力学性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,琼脂糖利用内部氢键的结合,形成三维网络状结构,将Al2O3粉原位凝固成型.TiO2+MgO烧结助剂使材料实现了液相烧结机制,有利于降低材料的烧结温度及促进致密化进程.随着琼脂糖含量增加,坯体的致密度、坯体及烧结体的抗弯强度均呈先增大后减小趋势.当琼脂糖含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的抗弯强度达到最大值.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的叠层结构优化分析

采用真空热压烧结的方式制备出Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体.通过显微压痕强度实验,研究Al2O3-TiC层和Al2 O3-TiC-CaF2层的叠层厚度和层厚比对陶瓷材料硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并且用有限元方法对叠层陶瓷材料烧结过程中的残余应力进行分析.结果表明:Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好的层间界面,晶粒结合紧密;在模具坯体叠层部分总高度不变的情况下,当叠层数目为5,层厚比(Al2O3-TiC层:Al2O3-TiC-CaF2层)为1∶1时,叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的硬度值和断裂韧性值达到最大,分别为18.2 ±0.3 GPa和5.7 ±0.2 MPa·m1/2;在烧结冷却过程中,由于不同材料层的热膨胀系数和弹性模量而引起的残余应力是该叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好机械性能的原因.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷坯体的激光加工性能研究

本文系统研究了凝胶注模成型的Al2O3陶瓷坯体在CO2激光作用下的加工性能。陶瓷坯体的激光加工性能受许多工艺参数影响。对固相含量、粉体粒度、水分含量等参数对陶瓷坯体的加工效率的影响进行实验研究。通过调整工艺参数,获得最佳的陶瓷坯体的激光加工工艺参数。     

高性能氮化硅陶瓷凝胶注模成型的研究

凝胶注模成型工艺的关键在于制备低粘度高固相体积含量的陶瓷浆料.本文以四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)溶液为分散剂制备氮化硅陶瓷浆料,研究了pH值、分散剂含量、助烧剂含量以及固相体积含量对氮化硅浆料流变性的影响;测定了凝胶注模成型素坯以及烧结体的力学性能.研究结果表明:当pH＝10.5,分散剂加入量为6;(相对于氮化硅固相体积比),助烧剂加入量为10;(质量分数)时,浆料具有最好的流变性.根据以上制备的工艺参数,制备得到固相体积含量大于50;,具有良好流变性的浆料.铸模成型干燥后,素坯的抗弯强度达27MPa;常压烧结后氮化硅陶瓷具有优异的力学性能,其抗弯强度为730 MPa,断裂韧性高达8.8 MPa·m1/2.     

叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型制备ZTA多孔陶瓷

采用叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型工艺,以丙烯酰胺为单体制备了ZTA多孔陶瓷.优化了固含量、预混液浓度、引发剂用量和固化温度等成型工艺参数.分析了烧结温度和保温时间对多孔陶瓷气孔率及孔径分布的影响.研究发现固含量为10vol;、预混液浓度为15wt;、引发剂用量为20wt;、固化温度为40℃,在1500c℃条件下保温2h烧结得到的ZTA多孔陶瓷气孔率可达59.05;,最可及孔径为0.72 μm,孔径分布在0.40 ～5.00μm的气孔占总气孔的87.22;,压缩强度达到56.09MPa.     

基于级联PPMgLN晶体的双倍/三倍频双波长激光器

本文演示了紧凑的绿色和近红外双色连续波激光光源,其发射波长分别为516 nm和775 nm。设计并制造了级联的周期性极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体,用于同时转换通信波长的二次谐波(SHG)和三次谐波(THG),可以在相同温度下获得绿色和近红外激光的输出。通过建立一个单程激光测量系统,在2 W泵浦功率下获得516 nm的0.15 mW绿光和775 nm的1.19 mW的光,晶体温度控制在30.8 ℃。实验结果将为单激光器泵浦的紧凑型双波长共线激光器提供重要的案例。     

Ultraviolet-assisted synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposites and their application for lifetime enhancement of light emitting diodes

Ultraviolet (UV) curable organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposites with excellent gas barrier effect, good adhesion strength, high refractive indices, moderate hardness, and fast curing speed have been successfully quickly synthesized by UV irradiation and utilized for the encapsulation of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In addition, the experimental results reveal that lab-made nanocomposites effectively resist the penetration of oxygen and moisture in the air into the LEDs and thus enhance their lifetimes to achieve 18,300 h while those without encapsulation are only 2400 h.     

Formation mechanism of nanostructures in soda-lime glass using femtosecond laser

This paper reports on the formation of nanostructures produced in soda-lime glass by controlling the irradiation conditions of a single-beam femtosecond laser. Periodic nanoholes are fabricated in the sample with the lowest diameter of 200 nm (approximately one fourth of the incident light wavelength). Self-organized nanogratings with a period of 120 nm are fabricated for the first time on soda-lime glass surface by applying many pulses at the same spot. We discover that the nanogratings’ period decreases with the increase of the applied pulses. We investigate that the direction of the nanogratings is perpendicular to the direction of laser polarization. Further, it is discovered that the microholes, due to the illumination by many pulses, are elliptical in shape with the major axis perpendicular to the direction of laser polarization. Finally, long distance horizontal and vertical gratings are fabricated by scanning a femtosecond laser beam only in the horizontal direction.     

前驱体法制备氮氧化硅纳米线及其光学性能研究

在Ni催化剂的存在下,通过SiCl4的水解氨解反应并在1300℃氨气气氛中进行热氮化处理制得了无定形氮氧化硅纳米线.产物经X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等表征手段进行分析,结果表明纳米线为无定形结构,直径为100～150nm.在波长为220nm的光激发下,产物的光致发光光谱(PL)在563nm和289nm处分别出现了一个强的绿光发光峰和一个弱的紫光发光峰.对纳米线的生长机理进行分析,表明纳米线的生长遵循气-液-固(VLS)机制控制模式.     

Effects of ultraviolet irradiation during growth of ZnSe epilayers by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy using dimethyl zinc and H2Se

This work has investigated the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the epitaxial growth process of undoped ZnSe by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Dimethyl zinc and H₂Se at a [VI]/[II] mole ratio of 20 were the source gases used for growth onto (100)-just oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates. Hydrogen was used as the carrier gas. A 500 W Hg-Xe lamp irradiated the substrate at 300 nm wavelength during growth. Growth temperature was varied from 210 to 450°C. Epilayers grown in the presence of irradiation experienced a prominent decrease in growth rate, which occurred even at high temperatures. Through a combination of surface and vapor-phase reactions, UV irradiation also affected the photoluminescence properties, crystalline quality, and surface morphology of the epilayers.     

Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶8YSZ纳米粉体制备及发光性能研究

通过化学共沉淀法制备Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂的氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(8YSZ)纳米粉体。研究了煅烧温度对Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂8YSZ纳米粉体荧光光谱和上转换发光性能的影响。结果表明:在448 nm波长激发光激发下,Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶8YSZ纳米粉体有一个549 nm的绿光发射峰,随着煅烧温度的升高,Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶8YSZ纳米粉体的荧光强度先升高后降低。980 nm波长激光激发下,Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶8YSZ纳米粉体在450~750 nm范围内有一个中心波长在539 nm的绿光发射峰和一个中心波长在650 nm的红光发射峰,随着煅烧温度的升高,纳米粉体的颗粒尺寸增大的同时,其上转换发光强度也逐渐增大。     

In-situ RHEED study on the effect of light irradiation on Ge/Si heteroepitaxial growth by GeH4 source MBE

Effects of light irradiation on growth processes in the initial stage of growth of Ge films on (100)Si substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy using GeH₄ have been investigated by in-situ RHEED observations. It has been found that the growth rate is enhanced by an Ar⁺ ion laser and a D₂ lamp irradiation, and, moreover, that the growth process sequence of the Ge films irradiated by the Ar⁺ laser and D₂ lamp is the same as that without irradiation. The irradiation effect on the photolysis of GeH₄ gas has been examined by mass spectroscopy. The increase of the growth rate is due to the photolysis of GeH₄ and the excitation of substrate surfaces by vacuum-ultraviolet light in the D₂ lamp irradiation, and is due to only the excitation of substrate surfaces in the Ar⁺ laser irradiation.     

Propagation of Polarized Light Through Azobenzene Polyester Films

When elliptically polarized light of appropriate wavelength corresponding to trans - cis - trans isomerisation process is incident on thin films of azobenzene polyesters, a helical structure is induced. We investigate the propagation of the exciting light beam (self-induced) as well as a probe light beam outside the absorption band through the polyester films. Investigations are carried out in one amorphous and one liquid crystalline polyester. We show that amorphous polyester after irradiation behaves like classical helical material.     

Optical fibers and molded optics in infrared transparent glass-ceramic

Optical fibers and molded optics have been formed by using the Ga₅Sb₁₀Ge₂₅Se₆₀ base glass with appropriate thermal treatment to generate microcrystals. The crystal growth during the fiber drawing and molding process induces additional scattering losses in the short wavelength region, but does not have a significant effect beyond 6 μm. The molded optics have very good dimensional precision and the form defect is less than 0.5 μm peak-to-valley, which is excellent particularly for optics designed for operating at 8-12 μm.     

Two-photon actuation of crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymers utilizing energy transfer system

ABSTRACT

We prepared crosslinked azotolane liquid-crystalline polymer (LCP) films doped with a stilbene derivative (two-photon chromophore) utilizing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. The IPN films bend toward the light source upon irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses at 600 nm, which can excite the stilbene derivative by two-photon absorption. The bending speed of the IPN films increases with the square of the laser pulse intensity, which is compelling evidence for the two-photon processes.