豚草聚合酶链反应产物的高效毛细管电泳检测

利用PE270A－HT型高效毛细管电泳仪,采用无胶筛分电泳,以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为筛分介质,对三裂叶豚草（Ambrosia trifida L.)的聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物进行了分离分析,显示了高效、快速、无污染的毛细管电泳技术在植物DNA片段多态性分析方面的巨大的潜力。     

荒漠肉苁蓉不同部位高效液相指纹图谱与化学成分分析

采用液相色谱技术建立了荒漠肉苁蓉花序部位和茎部位的液相指纹图谱,并对其化学成分进行对比分析。首先对其指纹图谱进行对比分析与相似度评价,发现不同部位之间相似度较低,其指纹图谱在峰数量和峰高上存在明显差异。其次对荒漠肉苁蓉的7种苯乙醇苷类成分进行测定,发现花序与茎部位成分含量差异显著,花序部位检出5种苯乙醇苷成分,茎部位7种成分均有检出。主成分分析将荒漠肉苁蓉不同部位聚为相对独立的类群,表明不同部位之间差异性较大。荒漠肉苁蓉不同部位指纹图谱的建立与化学成分的分析为其品质评价与资源综合利用提供科学依据。     

单重态激子裂分的研究进展

单重态激子裂分指的是在有机分子中一个单重态激子与相邻的基态发色团相互作用形成两个三重态激子的过程。利用这种多激子效应制成的光伏器件有望突破肖克利-奎瑟限制,使光电转换的理论效率由30%提高到44.4%。近年来各国科学家在裂分材料的设计合成和器件化应用方面取得了一定的进展,但是对于激子裂分物理本质的认知仍然存在争议和分歧。本文较为系统地介绍了激子裂分材料的最新进展和本研究组的相关工作。简要回顾了激子裂分的发展历史,从概念、裂分的发生条件和作用机制三方面介绍了激子裂分过程,综述了具有分子间和分子内裂分性质的材料的最新研究成果。在系统归纳激子裂分研究现状的基础上对单重态激子裂分的发展趋势和应用探索指出了可能的方向。     

弹性体共混改性聚丙烯的增韧机理

阐述了以聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）为复合基体，苯乙烯－丁二烯－苯乙烯（ＳＢＳ）为增韧剂经三元共混所得的性能优异的一类新材料．从三个层次（形貌结构转变、宏观力学响应和裂尖过程区演化）系统地探讨了其增韧机理．结果表明由形貌结构控制和对早期体膨胀变形抑制可造成裂尖平面应变区的超钝化从而达到增韧．     

一叶秋碱A环的引入

本文报导了在一叶 碱全合成的最后阶段中进一步引入A环的方法, 用LDA和其它试剂处理共轭环酮形成Michael加成产物, 同样共轭环酮与醋酐作用, 在170℃经5小时反应, 发生高温裂介, 并形成一芳环, 共轭环酮与乙氧基乙炔锂盐反应, 可得到与天然一叶 碱等同的化合物.     

响应面法优化深共熔溶剂提取烟草花序中的西柏三烯二醇

为实现烟草花序中西柏三烯二醇的绿色提取,以烟花作为原料,通过比较23种新型绿色溶剂——深共熔溶剂对烟花中西柏三烯二醇的提取效果,得到最适宜烟花中西柏三烯二醇提取的深共熔溶剂是氯化胆碱/1,4-丁二醇。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应曲面设计(BoxBehnken Design),优化深共熔溶剂提取烟花中西柏三烯二醇的最佳条件。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:深共熔溶剂含水率为31%(V/V),提取温度为57℃,提取时间为30 min,料液比为10 mg/m L。在此条件下,西柏三烯二醇提取率为8.95 mg/g。通过与传统有机溶剂提取烟花中西柏三烯二醇的结果比较,深共熔溶剂可应用于烟花中西柏三烯二醇的提取,并且是一种绿色的提取溶剂。     

环境污染对植物叶的危害

伴随生产的发展和进步,环境污染物也日益增多,危害人类和植物。主要针对大气污染物中的SO2、Cl2、NO2等气体对植物叶的危害作以常识介绍并给予验证。     

水平衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学法应用于三种缩叶藓属植物的分类

采用水平衰减全反射(HATR)-傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)测定了3种缩叶藓属植物齿边缩叶藓、多枝缩叶藓和中华缩叶藓的红外谱图,运用离散小波变换对吸收较为相似的3种缩叶藓属植物的红外谱图进行特征提取。通过分析比较后选择第三,四分解层进行特征向量的提取,利用所得到的特征变量进行径向基神经网络(RBF-NN)训练,再将训练出来的网络对不同产地的3种缩叶藓属植物的红外谱图离散小波提取后的特征向量进行分类。通过对120个不同样本的验证,说明能够采用基于FTIR-离散小波进行数据压缩后进行特征变量的提取及径向基神经网络分类法对3种缩叶属植物齿边缩叶藓、多枝缩叶藓和中华缩叶藓进行分类。     

粗裂地钱化学成分研究

采用硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱色谱对粗裂地钱进行分离纯化,从粗裂地钱95%乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分中得到4个化合物,应用光谱法对所得化合物进行了结构鉴定。这4个化合物分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇,17(21)-何伯烯,21,22-二羟基何帕烷,地钱素A。4种化合物均为首次从粗裂地钱中分离得到。     

香烟滤嘴用聚丙烯膜裂纤维的研制

本试验讨论了原料以及吹膜、牵伸、开纤等工序对膜裂纤维的连续化生产和膜裂纤维性能的影响,摸索出一些生产膜裂纤维的基本技术数据,提出了生产烟滤嘴用膜裂纤维设备的改进措施,证明吹塑切割膜裂纤维工艺路线是可行的。     

Deoxy-liquefaction products obtained from Crofton weed at different temperatures

Crofton weed is an invasive alien plant which is causing significant economic and environmental losses in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of deoxy-liquefaction reaction to the utilization of Crofton weed. Deoxy-liquefaction experiments of two different sections (leaves and stems) and the whole plant of Crofton weed were performed at six different temperatures (375-500 °C). Oils with low oxygen contents (<8 wt%) and high HHVs (>40 MJ/kg) were obtained. 425 °C was the optimum temperature for obtaining oil from Crofton weed. Besides, solid chars with high HHVs of about 20 MJ/kg were obtained. Gases with HHVs ranging from 1.6 to 5.7 MJ/mol were produced. The overall energy recovery of the system was estimated at about 70%.     

新磺酰脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

以正在开发的新磷磺酰脲除草剂N-[2′-(4′-甲基)嘧啶基]-2-硝基苯磺酰脲的研究为基础,设计合成了19个脲桥经修饰的磺酰脲类化合物以及3个新型嘧啶中间体,产物结构经¹HNMR谱及元素分析确证.盆栽试验和离休ALS酶研究结果表明,所合成的化合物均表现出一定的除草活性,部分化合物的除草活性较好.     

Synthesis, Structure and Antitumor Activities of Tridccapeptide PSPP3 from Papaver Somniferum Pollen

Pollenplaysakeyroleinthereproductiveprocessofhigherplant,whichcontainsmuchimportantsubstancewithdifferentphysiologicalactivities,ofwhichpeptideandproteinareimportantonesl'2.Pollenisstillwidelyusedasnutritiveandhealthfulfoodinmanycountriesl.Inrecentyears,wehavepaidmuchattentiontothestudiesontheisolation,structurecharacterizationandsynthesisofsomeoligopeptidesfromseveralkindsofpollens'-',andfoundthattheyhadsomeactivitiesofpromotingimmunityandrestrainingsomecancercelldivisions-7.Inpreviousstudies…     

罂粟花粉十七肽类似物和片段的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

以从罂粟花粉中分离得到的具有促免疫和抗肿瘤活性的十七肽为先导化合物,设计了4个类似物和3个片段,并用固相法合成,通过CD谱测定了它们在溶液中的初级二级结构,同时测定了它们对人胃癌和人膀胱癌肿瘤细胞的抑制活性,初步讨论了构效关系.     

罂粟花粉十三肽类似物的合成及其结构与抗肿瘤活性关系研究

罂粟花粉十三肽对人肝癌和人乳腺癌肿瘤细胞具有明显的抑制作用,以其为先导化合物,设计并合成了5个类似物和5个片段,结合CD谱测定的二级结构及它们对人肝癌和人乳腺癌肿瘤细胞的抑制作用测定结果,研究并讨论了该肽结构与抗肿瘤活性的关系.     

Simplex optimisation of conditions for the determination of antimony in environmental samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Analysis of the total antimony in plant material was unsuccessful using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) conditions recommended by the instrument manufacturer. For this reason, an optimisation procedure utilising the Plackett-Burman method, simplex optimisation and visualisation of the generated response surface via principal components analysis, was carried out. The Plackett-Burman method was used to eliminate four of the initial variables chosen. Four variables (atomisation temperature, atomisation time, ash temperature and modifier concentration) were subsequently optimised using the composite modified simplex method and the results were visualised as a contour diagram, after reduction to two principal components. The optimised conditions were used for the analysis of both an acid digested pine needle standard reference material (NIST 1575) and a pond weed sample, collected from a contaminated site at Yellowknife Bay, Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. The total concentration of antimony present in the pine needles was statistically indistinguishable from the non-certified value, as was the value for the pond weed sample, compared with a value determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results for the analysis of the pond weed sample by ETAAS agreed with those obtained from a subsequent analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.     

Simplex optimisation of conditions for the determination of antimony in environmental samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Analysis of the total antimony in plant material was unsuccessful using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) conditions recommended by the instrument manufacturer. For this reason, an optimisation procedure utilising the Plackett-Burman method, simplex optimisation and visualisation of the generated response surface via principal components analysis, was carried out. The Plackett-Burman method was used to eliminate four of the initial variables chosen. Four variables (atomisation temperature, atomisation time, ash temperature and modifier concentration) were subsequently optimised using the composite modified simplex method and the results were visualised as a contour diagram, after reduction to two principal components. The optimised conditions were used for the analysis of both an acid digested pine needle standard reference material (NIST 1575) and a pond weed sample, collected from a contaminated site at Yellowknife Bay, Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. The total concentration of antimony present in the pine needles was statistically indistinguishable from the non-certified value, as was the value for the pond weed sample, compared with a value determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results for the analysis of the pond weed sample by ETAAS agreed with those obtained from a subsequent analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.     

STUDY ON LONGAN POLLEN MORPHOLOGY BY SEMP TECHNIQUE

This is a combined study of two different branches, photogrammetry and palynological morphology. The three-dimensional quantitative analysis of longan pollen grains by using SEM technique, electron computation technique and photogrammetry theory has made it possible to push the study of morphology from LM, TEM, SEM to a higher stage, that of scanning electron micrographic photogrammetry (SEMP). This research has resulted inestablishing a classification for one wild variety and five cultivated varieties of longan pollen in China, thus providing analytical data to improve variety and hereditary variation.     

Separation of patuletin-3-O-glucoside, astragalin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin from Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze by elution-pump-out high-performance counter-current chromatography

Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze is an annual alien weed of Flaveria Juss. (Asteraceae) in China. Bioactive compounds, mainly flavonol glycosides and flavones from F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze, have been studied in order to utilize this invasive weed, Analytical high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) was successfully used to separate patuletin-3-O-glucoside, a mixture of hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside, astragalin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin using two runs with different solvent system. Ethyl acetate-methanol-water (10:1:10, v/v) was selected by analytical HPCCC as the optimum phase system for the separation of patuletin-3-O-glucoside, a mixture of hyperoside and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and astragalin. A Dichloromethane-methanol-water (5:3:2, v/v) was used for the separation of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin. The separation was then scaled up: the crude extract (ca 1.5 g) was separated by preparative HPCCC, yielding 12 mg of patuletin-3-O-glucoside at a purity of 98.3%, yielding 9 mg of a mixture of hyperoside and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside constituting over 98% of the fraction, and 16 mg of astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) at a purity of over 99%. The pump-out peaks are isorhanetin (98% purity), kaemferol (93% purity) and quercitin (99% purity). The chemical structure of patuletin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin were confirmed by MS and 1H, 13C NMR.