动力刚化与多体系统刚-柔耦合动力学

首先指出当前柔性多体系统动力学的大量工程研究背景,在回顾柔性多体系统动力学研究进展后指出动力刚化的现象揭示了刚－柔耦合的零次建模方法的局限,认为进一步深入进行柔性多体系统刚－柔耦合动力学的研究是多体系统动力学研究的新阶段,文末提出了刚－柔耦合动力学的研究任务。     

柔性多体系统刚-柔耦合动力学

首先指出大量复杂系统动力学与控制性态分析与优化等工程问题对柔性多体系统动力学领域的进一步需求,在回顾柔性多体系统动力学研究的若干阶段与当前的研究现状后指出：柔性多体系统刚- 柔耦合动力学的研究是多体系统动力学的一个新的阶段．文末提出了刚- 柔耦合动力学的研究任务。     

动力刚化多体系统动力学

本文利用几何非线性的应变－－位移关系，在小变形假设条件下，得到了一般柔性构件弹性有的广义价值标二阶小量表达式。在此基础上，利用Ｋａｎｅ方程的Ｈｕｓｔｏｎ方法，在推导偏（角）速度表达式后，作适当的线性化处理，以使动力刚度项得以保留，从而建立了动力刚化多体系统的动力学方程，仿真算例证明了该理论的正确性和有效性。     

考虑刚弹耦合作用的柔性多体连续系统动力学建模

基于Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理建立起一般柔性体连续系统的动力学建模方法,进而以水平面内作大范围回转运动的柔性梁为例,在Ｅｕｌｅｒ－Ｂｅｒｎｏｕｌｌｉ梁模型的假设前提下,根据轴向不可伸长的柔性梁的几何约束条件;推导出作大范围刚体运动的柔性梁连续系统的一致线性化振动微分方程．采用假设模态法对其离散化,导出考虑刚弹耦合作用的柔性梁有限维离散化动力学模型．最后给出仿真算例,验证了该方法的有效性．     

柔性多体系统动力学的若干热点问题

全面综述了柔性多体系统动力学近年来的研究成果．对建模方法、模态选取及模态综合、动力刚化及柔性多体系统动力学中微分－代数方程的数值方法等研究热点进行了详细的阐述,并简要展望了柔性多体系统动力学今后的发展趋势     

柔性多体系统的计算策略

对柔性多体系统计算建模的研究现状和近期进展进行了总结. 重点讨论了柔性多体动力学的以下内容: 柔性构件的建模, 约束建模, 求解技术, 控制策略, 耦合问题, 设计和实验的研究. 对柔性多体系统建模的浮动坐标系,转动坐标系和惯性系等3种坐标系的特点进行了对比. 指出了未来的研究方向, 包括柔性多体系统的新的应用,如微观力学系统和超微观力学系统等; 提高这些模型的计算精度和效率的技巧和策略; 以及可以用于改善柔性多体系统的工具. 本综述文章引用了877篇参考文献.     

刚-柔-热耦合多体系统的动力学分析

本文研究了柔性多体系统刚-柔-热耦合动力学特性。以哈勃天文望远镜(HST)为研究对象,基于柔性多体系统动力学理论,考虑了柔性附件弹性变形引起的热辐射边界条件的变化,建立了中心刚体和太阳能毯柔性附件多体系统的刚-柔-热耦合的动力学方程。通过对热载荷作用下哈勃天文望远镜多体系统的数值仿真研究了热辐射角、阻尼系数、比热容、支撑梁、太阳能毯之间的轴向力等参数对于柔性附件热颤振的影响;并提出增加结构阻尼、减小支撑梁和太阳能毯之间的轴向力、选择阻尼系数和比热容均较大的支撑梁材料、采用柔度较大的主体桶材料等改善热颤振的措施。     

柔性多体系统动力学研究现状与展望

对柔性多体系统动力学的研究现状进行了概括和总结,主要从柔性体建模方法、刚柔耦合动力学、接触碰撞问题、多物理场耦合、微分代数方程求解技术、控制方法、设计优化及软件开发和实验研究等几个研究方向进行总结,并对未来的研究方向做了展望.     

动力刚化问题的实验研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦的问题进行了数值模拟研究. 研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时,绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减;不同马赫数的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波,导致聚焦效果和位置的差异;另外,环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线,两者有本质不同.     

基于非约束模态刚柔耦合系统的动力刚化分析

以挠性航天器为研究对象,引入非约束模态概念,建立了含有动力刚化效应的刚柔耦合动力学模型.首先,根据Hamilton变分原理建立挠性航天器动力学模型;然后,根据非约束模态正交性分离振型,得到离散化的非约束模态的动力学模型;最后,对给定激励下动力学方程仿真,并与约束模态情况进行对比.仿真结果表明:非约束模态一次动力学模型的广义刚度随航天器转速提升而增大,且随转速的提升更加明显,出现动力刚化现象,非约束模态零次动力学模型广义刚度随航天器转速的提升出现为负的情况,不存在动力刚化现象;基于非约束模态一次动力学模型挠性附件的响应振幅较约束模态刚柔耦合系统小,且随航天器转速的提升同样不会出现发散情况,适用于航天器在任何转速情况下建模.非约束模态零次动力学模型挠性结构振动振幅随转速的提升出现发散情况,即便非约束模态建模方法优于约束模态,非约束模态零次模型也不适用于航天器高转速情况.     

Modal test and analysis of cantilever beam with tip mass

The phenomenon of dynamic stiffening is a research field of general interest for flexible multi-body systems. In fact, there are not only dynamic stiffening but also dynamic softening phenomenon in the flexible multi-body systems. In this paper, a non-linear dynamic model and its linearization characteristic equations of a cantilever beam with tip mass in the centrifugal field are established by adopting the general Hamilton Variational Principle. Then, the problems of the dynamic stiffening and the dynamic softening are studied by using numerical simulations. Meanwhile, the modal test is carried out on our centrifuge. The numerical results show that the system stiffness will be strengthened when the centrifugal tension force acts on the beam (i.e. the dynamic stiffening). However, the system stiffness will be weakened when the centrifugal compression force acts on the beam (i.e. the dynamic softening). Furthermore, the equilibrium position of the system will lose its stability when the inertial force reaches a critical value. Through theoretical analysis, we find that this phenomenon comes from the effect of dynamic softening resulting from the centrifugal compression force. Our test results verify the above conclusions and confirm that both dynamic stiffening and softening phenomena exist in flexible multi-body systems. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19972002) and the Doctoral Programme from The State Education Commission China (20010001011)     

矩形薄板的刚柔耦合动力学系统的建模理论研究

以由中心刚体与柔性板构成的刚柔耦合系统为对象,研究了零次近似模型和耦合模型在动力学方程以及实际计算中表现出来的差异.首先,从连续介质理论出发,在变形位移中,计及了在结构动力学中被忽略的变形位移的附加耦合项,建立了由中心刚体与柔性板构成的刚柔耦合系统的一次近似动力学模型.用一致质量有限元法对柔性板进行离散,基于Jourdain速度变分原理推导出大范围运动为自由的柔性板刚柔耦合动力学连续变分方程.通过数值仿真研究中心刚体和柔性板的大范围运动和变形运动的规律,揭示刚柔耦合动力学性质.通过数值对比,指出了零次近似模型的局限性.     

The coupling dynamical modeling theory of flexible multibody system

Based on the deformation theory of elastic beams, the coupling effect between the coupling displacements of a point on the middle line of beam and large overall motion is presented. The “coupling matrix library” and Jourdain's variation principle and single direction recursive formulation method are used to establish the general coupling dynamical equations of flexible multibody system. Two typical examples show the coupling effect between coupling displacements and large overall motion on the dynamics of flexible multibody system consisting of beams. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19832040).     

On the Use of Implicit Integration Methods and the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation in the Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Deformation Problems

In the general theory of continuum mechanics, the state of rotation and deformation of material points can be uniquely defined from the displacement field by using the nine independent components of the displacement gradients. For this reason, the use of the absolute rotation parameters as nodal coordinates, without relating them to the displacement gradients, leads to coordinate redundancy that leads to numerical and fundamental problems in many existing large rotation finite element formulations. Because of this fundamental problem, special measures that require modifications of the numerical integration methods were proposed in the literature in order to satisfy the principle of work and energy. As demonstrated in this paper, no such measures need to be taken when the finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used since the principle of work and energy are automatically satisfied. This formulation does not suffer from the problem of coordinate redundancy and ensures the continuity of stresses and strains at the nodal points. In this study, the use of the implicit integration methods with the consistent Lagrangian elasto-plastic tangent moduli is examined when the absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used. The performance of different numerical integration methods in the dynamic analysis of large elasto-plastic deformation problems is investigated. It is shown that all these methods, in the case of convergence, yield a solution that satisfies the principle of work and energy without the need of taking any special measures. Semi-implicit integration methods, however, can lead to numerical difficulties in the case of very stiff problems due to the linearization made in these methods in order to avoid the iterative Newton--Raphson procedure. It is also demonstrated that the use of the consistent Lagrangian-plastic tangent moduli derived in this investigation using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation leads to better convergence of the iterative Newton--Raphson procedure used in the implicit integration methods.     

多柔体系统动力学建模与优化研究进展

多柔体系统是由柔性部件和运动副组成的力学系统,在航空、航天、车辆、机械与兵器等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景, 其典型的代表包括柔性机械臂、直升机旋翼、卫星的可展开天线、太阳帆航天器等. 近年来,随着工程技术的发展,多柔体系统动力学问题日益突出,尤其是含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统,不仅涉及其动力学 建模与计算,还涉及其动力学优化设计. 事实上,部件柔性对多柔体系统的动力学行为影响很大,直接影响到优化结果,因此需要发展基于多柔体系统动力学的优化设计方法. 本文首先阐述了多柔体系统动力学优化的研究背景及意义,简要回顾了多柔体系统动力学建模的3类方法：浮动坐标方法、几何 精确方法和绝对节点坐标方法,并介绍了含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统动力学建模方法. 系统概述了多柔体系统动力学响应优化、动力学特性优化和动力学灵敏度分析3个方面的研究进展,并从尺寸优化、形状优化和 拓扑优化 3 个方面综述了多柔体系统部件优化的研究进展. 本文最后提出了在多柔体系统动力学优化研究中值得关注的若干问题.