受控热核聚变发展现况

核聚变动力的应用将提供几乎是无限，清洁的新一代能源，当前已经看到受控热核聚变的科学可能性，在利用核聚变生产动力之前，还要解决其工艺技术可行性及经济竞争能力等问题，聚变裂变混合堆是改善其经济性和减少工艺技术难点的方向之一，还可创造一个核能利用的有效途径。     

紧凑型聚变裂变混合堆参数优化及放电模拟

在聚变裂变混合堆大、小半径分别不变情况下,通过优化聚变裂变混合堆中心螺管尺寸,用聚变系统分析程序对紧凑型聚变裂变混合堆的参数进行了优化分析,给出了紧凑型聚变裂变混合堆的最佳设计点。利用TSC平衡演化程序以该设计点为基础进行了放电模拟研究,结果表明该堆具有良好的经济优势及可行性。     

次临界能源堆物理设计进展

聚变-裂变混合能源堆包括聚变中子源和次临界能源堆,主要目标是生产电能。回顾了国内外混合堆的发展历史,给出混合能源堆设计的边界条件和约束条件,说明次临界能源堆以铀锆合金为燃料、水为冷却剂的设计思想。利用输运燃耗耦合程序MCORGS计算了混合能源的燃耗,给出了中子有效增殖因数、能量放大倍数和氚增殖比等物理量随时间的变化。通过分析能谱和重要核素随燃耗时间的变化,说明混合能源堆与核燃料增殖、核废料嬗变混合堆的不同特点。论述了混合堆的热工设计并进行了安全分析。对于燃耗数值模拟程序,通过多家对算,保证其计算结果的可信性。针对次临界能源堆的特点,利用贫铀球壳建立了贫铀聚乙烯装置和贫铀LiH装置,并且专门设计加工了天然铀装置,开展铀裂变率、造钚率、产氚率等中子学积分实验,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。     

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合能源堆总体概念研究

中国工程物理研究院提出的Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合能源堆(Z-FFR)概念,采用Z箍缩热核聚变产生的大量中子驱动次临界裂变堆而释放能量,集成了"局部整体点火"聚变靶、"先进次临界能源堆"等创新概念,在安全、经济、持久和环境友好等方面具有优良的品质,有望成为有效应对未来能源危机和环境气候问题的千年能源。简要回顾了国内外Z箍缩聚变能源(Z-IFE)的相关研究进展,介绍了中国工程物理研究院在Z-FFR方向的总体概念研究情况,从驱动器、聚变靶设计和次临界裂变堆三方面阐述了此能源系统的原理结构和运行特点,对其经济性进行了评估,同时提出了未来Z-FFR的发展路线图设想。     

聚变裂变混合堆设计中的中子学问题

本文简要叙述了聚变裂变混合堆包层设计所涉及的中子γ光子耦合输运方程、核子数密度方程及有关计算机程序系统；介绍用于聚变堆设计的核数据工作现状及未来工作重点。     

核能和物理学

本文分别讨论了实现裂变和聚变核能的利用与物理学各学科（核物理、中子物理、等离子体物理、磁流体力学、材料物理、热物理、剂量防护、堆物理）研究工作的相互促进关系。     

受控热核聚变发展现况

核聚变动力的应用将提供几乎是无限、清洁的新一代能源．当前已经看到受控热核聚变的科学可能性,在利用核聚变生产动力之前,还要解决其工艺技术可行性及经济竞争能力等问题．聚变裂变混合堆是改善其经济性和减少工艺技术难点的方向之一,还可创造一个核能利用的有效途径． An almost limitless and clean source of energy for future generation should be provided by the successful use of nuclear fusion for generating power.At present the scien-tific feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion is visible and before fusion can be harnessed for generating power,it will be necessary to develop suitable technology and to prove economic viability.The fusion-fission hybrid reactor is one way to improve the economy and to reduce the technological difflculties...     

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使用Jsolver程序及托卡马克模拟程序TSC对紧凑型聚变裂变混合堆系统的反剪切平衡位形、自举电流份额及放电模拟进行数值模拟研究,以此探讨该混合堆的可行性和先进性.     

聚变-裂变混合堆系统在能源战略中的地位及其设计中若干问题的分析

简要描述聚变-裂变混合堆在长期能源发展战略中的地位,着重计算分析具有不同类型的聚变堆芯和包层的混合堆生产电能和可裂变核燃料的能力,研究不同类型聚变-裂变混合堆与其支持的卫星堆(如压水堆)组合燃料循环系统生产电能的能力.指出以天然铀或贫化铀为燃料,水冷却的包层设计是一种经济可行、技术风险较小的设计方案.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合堆总体概念研究进展

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合能源堆(Z-FFR)在核安全、经济、持久和环境友好等方面具有优良的品质,有望成为有效应对未来能源危机和环境、气候问题的新能源。从Z箍缩驱动聚变方案与聚变靶设计、重复频率驱动器、次临界包层及产氚包层设计、燃料循环等关键问题方面,对Z-FFR工程概念总体研究情况进行了介绍。     

Direct energy conversion of plasma energy

An application of ambipolar potential in a magnetized plasma is proposed for direct energy conversion. Analyses of a model device for 20-MW-per-unit-length (without considering end loss) and 14-MW-per-unit-length (with the end loss) are shown. The plasma density profile, the potential distribution in the device, and the voltage-current characteristics are obtained on the basis of the Poisson continuity equation system. As an example, a theoretical energy loss by neutral particles, which should not affect the total efficiency much. Experiments with a small thermal ionization-type device were performed wherein the relations of output voltage versus current and power versus impedance were acquired. the experimental results are compared with the theoretical and a qualitative agreement is obtained     

Topological resonance energy,bond resonance energy,and circuit resonance energy

Circuit resonance energy (CRE) is a key quantity that links energetic and magnetic criteria of aromaticity for a polycyclic π‐system. Topological resonance energy (TRE) correlates well with the sum of CREs for an entire π‐system. We found that bond resonance energy (BRE), so far defined to estimate the degree of kinetic stability for a polycyclic π‐system, also correlates very well with the corresponding quantity defined with CREs. These findings justify the view that graph‐theoretical quantities, such as TRE and BRE, can be used safely even though they rely on unrealistic reference structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Near-thermal energy width of moderated high energy positrons

More than 10^?7 of the positrons emitted by ¹¹C (produced by proton bombardment of boron) emerge from the room-temperature boron target with a low energy (less than 1 eV) and a measured energy width of (0.100+0.010) eV.     

Potential energy curves and dissociation energy of SiCl

The true potential energy curves have been constructed for the ground and excited electronic states of SiCl by the method of Lakshman and Rao. The dissociation energy of the ground state has been estimated by fitting the Hulburt-Hirschfelder function to the true potential energy curves. The dissociation energy thus obtained is 33,500 cm^-1 (4.15 eV), which is in good agreement with the value of 4.5±0.5 eV reported by Gaydon.     

Calorimeter energy calibration using the energy conservation law

A new calorimeter energy calibration method was developed for the proposed ILC detectors. The method uses the center-of-mass energy of the accelerator as the reference. It has been shown that using the energy conservation law it is possible to make ECAL and HCAL cross calibration to reach a good energy resolution for the simple calorimeter energy sum.      

Dynamical dark energy with a constant vacuum energy density

We present a holographic dark-energy model in which the Newton constant GN$G_N$ scales in such a way as to render the vacuum energy density a true constant. Nevertheless, the model acts as a dynamical dark-energy model since the scaling of GN$G_N$ goes at the expense of deviation of concentration of dark-matter particles from its canonical form and/or of promotion of their mass to a time-dependent quantity, thereby making the effective equation of state (EOS) variable and different from −1 at the present epoch. Thus the model has a potential to naturally underpin Dirac's suggestion for explaining the large-number hypothesis, which demands a dynamical GN$G_N$ along with the creation of matter in the universe. We show that with the aid of observational bounds on the variation of the gravitational coupling, the effective-field theory IR cutoff can be strongly restricted, being always closer to the future event horizon than to the Hubble distance. As for the observational side, the effective EOS restricted by observation can be made arbitrary close to −1, and therefore the present model can be considered as a “minimal” dynamical dark-energy scenario. In addition, for nonzero but small curvature (|Ω_k0|?0.003)$(|{\Omega }_{k0}|?0.003)$, the model easily accommodates a transition across the phantom line for redshifts z?0.2$z?0.2$, as mildly favored by the data. A thermodynamic aspect of the scenario is also discussed.     

高能脉冲X射线能谱测量

给出了高能脉冲X射线能谱测量的基本原理及实验结果.采用Monte-Carlo程序计算了高能光子在能谱仪中每个灵敏单元内的能量沉积,利用能谱仪测量了"强光Ⅰ号"加速器产生的高能脉冲X射线不同衰减程度下的强度,求解得到了具有时间分辨的高能脉冲X射线能谱,时间跨度57ns,时间步长5ns,光子的最高能量3.0MeV,平均能量1.04MeV,能量在0.2—0.9MeV之间的光子数目最多,占46.5%.也利用二极管的电压电流波形理论计算了光子的能谱,并与利用能谱仪测得的能谱进行了比较,两种方法所得结果基本一致.     

The peierls energy and kink energy in fcc metals

In fcc crystals, dislocations are dissociated on the {111} glide plane into pairs of partial dislocations. Since each partial interacts individually with the Peierls potential and is coupled to its neighbour by a stacking fault, periodic variations in the separation distance d of the partials occur when dislocations running along closed packed lattice directions are displaced. This can drastically reduce the effective Peierls stress. By using the Peierls model the structure of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° dislocations in a typical fcc metal with the elastic properties of Cu and a stacking-fault energy γ₀ in the interval 0.04?≤?γ₀?≤?0.05?J/m² was studied, and the magnitude of the Peierls energy ΔE _P and the resulting kink energies E _K were determined. Since the energies involved are of the order of 10^?3?eV/b or less, their magnitude cannot be asserted with high confidence, considering the simplifying assumptions in the model. The difference in the changes of the core configuration during displacement of dislocations of different orientations should, however, be of physical significance. It is found that a dissociated 60° dislocation generally has a higher effective Peierls energy than a screw dislocation, but the reverse is true for the kink energy, at least in Cu.